WO1994018015A1 - Light weight tire - Google Patents
Light weight tire Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994018015A1 WO1994018015A1 PCT/US1994/001404 US9401404W WO9418015A1 WO 1994018015 A1 WO1994018015 A1 WO 1994018015A1 US 9401404 W US9401404 W US 9401404W WO 9418015 A1 WO9418015 A1 WO 9418015A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tire
- tires
- fibers
- cords
- pbz
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/0042—Reinforcements made of synthetic materials
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
- D01F6/74—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polycondensates of cyclic compounds, e.g. polyimides, polybenzimidazoles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to light weight tires.
- a tire is defined as a "continuous solid or pneumatic rubber cushion encircling a wheel," p. 1237, Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, ⁇ 1989 by Merriam-Webster Inc.
- a tire is made from rubber, fabric, chemicals, and metal (steel). See Tires, pp. 834-861 , of Vol. 16 of the Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, ⁇ 1989 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- a pneumatic tire is a toroidal, high performance polymer composite which includes an external rubber-and-fabric covering. In these tires there are reinforcing cords which provide stability and resistance to bruises, fatigue and heat.
- the reinforcing cords extend diagonally across the tire from bead- -to-bead. Layers of reinforcing cords are applied at an opposing angle of 30 to 70 degrees to balance the tire strength symmetrically across the tread-center line.
- a radial tire is a pneumatic tire in which the plies of the reinforcing cords or filaments in the casing run in a radial direction (from bead-to-bead) at a 60 to 90 degree bias or crown angle in relation to the centerline of the tread (which is also the axis of rotation).
- Steel belts are used in radial tires in order to constrain the 90 degree carcass plies. The belt rigidity is essential to the functioning of the tire. Without it, a radial ply casing would be unstable.
- polyester cords and/or steel cords are used in the foundation structure or "carcass" (the carcass is that part of the tire between the liner and the tread) of the tire to reinforce the performance of the tire as a pressure container.
- the first aspect of this invention is a tire characterized in that it contains polybenzazole fibers.
- the third aspect of this invention is a tire containing polybenzazole fibers characterized in that the polybenzazole fibers are incorporated into the reinforcing belts.
- the fourth aspect of this invention is a tire containing polybenzazole fibers characterized in that the polybenzazole fibers are incorporated into the carcass of the tire.
- polybenzazole includes polybenzoxazole
- PBO polybenzothiazole
- PBT polybenzothiazole
- Polybenzoxazole, polybenzothiazole and random, sequential and block copolymers of polybenzoxazole and polybenzothiazole are described in references such as Wolfe et al., Liquid Crystalline Polymer Compositions, Process and Products, U.S. Patent 4,703, 103 (October 27, 1987); Wolfe et al., Liquid Crystalline Polymer Compositions, Process and Products, U.S. Patent 4,533,692 (August 6, 1985); Wolfe et al., Liquid Crystalline Poly(2,6-Benzothiazole) Compositions, Process and Products, U.S. Patent 4,533,724
- Units within the polybenzazole polymer are preferably chosen so that the polymer is lyotropic liquid-crystalline.
- Preferred monomer units are illustrated in Formulae (a)- (h).
- the polymer more preferably consists essentially of monomer units selected from those illustrated in (a)-(h), and most preferably consists essentially of a number of identical units selected from those illustrated in (a)-(c).
- Solvents suitable for formation of dopes of polybenzazole polymers include cresol as well as non-oxidizing acids capable of dissolving the polymer.
- suitable acid solvents include polyphosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid and highly concentrated sulfuric acid and mixtures of those acids.
- a highly preferred solvent is polyphosphoric acid or methanesulfonic acid.
- a most highly preferred solvent is polyphosphoric acid.
- concentration of the polymer in the solvent is preferably at least about 7 weight percent, more preferably at least about 10 weight percent and most preferably at least about 14 weight percent.
- the maximum concentration is limited primarily by practical factors, such as polymer solubility and, as already described, dope viscosity. Because of these limiting factors, the concentration of polymer is seldom more than 30 weight percent, and usually no more than about 20 weight percent.
- Suitable polymers or copolymers and dopes can be synthesized by known procedures, such as those described in Wolfe et al., U.S. Patent 4,533,693 (August 6, 1985); Sybert et al., U.S. Patent 4,772,678 (September 20, 1988); and Harris, U.S. Patent 4,847,350 (July 1 1 , 1989).
- Polybenzazole polymers can be advanced rapidly to high molecular weight at relatively high temperatures and high shear in a dehydrating solvent acid, according to Gregory et al., U.S Patent No 5,089,591.
- the dope is spun into fibers by known dry-jet, wet-spin techniques in which the dope is spun through a spinneret to form dope filaments that are collected together to form one or more dope fibers.
- Fiber spinning techniques for PBZ polymers are described in jointly owned, allowed, U.S. Patent Application Numbers 07/985,079 (Method for Spinning a
- the dope fiber(s) After passing through an air-gap the dope fiber(s) is/are contacted with a fluid that dilutes the solvent and is a non-solvent for the polymer. This contact causes the separation of the polymer from its solvent. This separation process is known as coagulation. After coagulation, most of the remaining residual solvent is washed/leached from each fiber, leaving the fiber wet. See jointly owned, co-pending, U S. Patent Application number 08/1 10, 149 (Improved Process for Coagulation and Washing of Polybenzazole Fibers) for a description of the coagulation process.
- the fiber After the fiber is dried, it may optionally be heat-treated to improve its physical properties. Heat-treatment of PBZ fiber is described in jointly owned, allowed, U.S. Patent Application Serial Numbers 07/985,068 (Rapid Heat Treatment Method for Polybenzazole Polymer) and 07/985,067 (Steam Heat-Treatment Method for Polybenzazole Fiber).
- PBZ reinforcing fibers can be used as part of the carcass component of a tire.
- the carcass of a tire is that part of the tire between the liner and the tread, which is also referred to as the foundation structure, and it includes the reinforcing cord plies.
- PBZ fibers can also be used in the circumferentially restrictive belt material of a tire.
- PBZ fibers In order to be useful in tires, PBZ fibers must be formed into cords through a twisting process. See the article by Addis Finney, entitled, “That Left-hand Turn and its Effect on Tires” in the May 1979 issue of Rubber World, for a description and drawing of ply cords and cables PBZ fibers are formed into ply cords by twisting "T/10 cm” is the number of twists per 10 cm of cord. Once PBZ ply cords have been formed, two or more of these ply cords can then be twisted together to make cable cords. The twist number for these cable cords is expressed by the number of cable twists (turns/10 cm) x the number of ply twists (turns/10 cm).
- twist number can vary from 20 x 20 to 100 x 100.
- the twist factor for PBZ cords is calculated as follows: twist factor equals (number of twists/ 10 cm) x square root of (total denier of fiber/density of fiber) .
- the twist factor for PBZ cords used in this application ranges from 800 to 3000.
- the PBZ ply cords, at this stage, are referred to as a greige cord, which is descriptive of the cords before dipping condition. These PBZ greige cords have a gauge, or thickness of from 30 mm to 60 mm.
- the greige cords In order to transform the greige cords into a condition such that they can be used to make layers of reinforcing material, or layers of belt material, the greige cords must be dipped in adhesives to form "dipped" cords and/or cables which will then adhere to the other components of a tire.
- These adhesives can be standard epoxy adhesi ves such as a glycerol polyglycidyl ether or compounds such as PexulTM which is a 2,6-bis(2',4'-dihydroxyphenyl- methyl)-4-chlorophenol compound (this compound is also marketed under the name of Vulcanbond-ETM by Rhone-Poulenc) or RFL (resorcinol formaldehyde latexes) .
- PexulTM which is a 2,6-bis(2',4'-dihydroxyphenyl- methyl)-4-chlorophenol compound (this compound is also marketed under the name of Vulcanbond-ETM by Rhone-Poulenc) or RFL (resorcinol formaldehyde latexes) .
- RFL resorcinol formaldehyde latexes
- the actual dipping is a two-step process wherein the cords/cables are dipped in the first dipping solution, which can contain epoxy or PexulTM as a major adhesive component, and then the cords/cables are exposed to a temperature of from 235°C to 250°C for about 60 seconds.
- the cords/cables are then contacted with the second dipping solution which can be RFL (resorcinol-formaldehyde latexes) and then exposed to a temperature of 230°C to 240°C for about 60 seconds.
- RFL resorcinol-formaldehyde latexes
- PBZ cords/cables Once the PBZ cords/cables have been formed they are incorporated into tires using standard tire making techniques with the tires then being tested for various properties.
- carcass material for tires used in passenger cars of this invention can be a 2 ply cord of 500 (or less) denier PBZ fiber as compared to a 2 ply cord of 1000 denier p-aramid fiber.
- Denier is the weight in grams of 9000 meters of the fiber.
- the performance properties of the cords in the tire are enhanced if the PBZ fiber used to make the cords has a tensile strength of preferably at least about 2.8 GPa, more preferably at least about 4.0 GPa, more highly preferably at least about 5.7 GPa and most preferably about 6.9 GPa, and a tensile modulus of preferably at least about 140 GPa, more preferably at least about 276 GPa and most preferably at least about 380 GPa.
- the average mean diameter of the voids in the PBZ fiber can be determined by using "Small angle X-ray scattering" techniques which can measure voids in the fiber of smaller than 100 ⁇ .
- a tire made with PBZ cord in the carcass which has voids with an average diameter of 25 ⁇ or less, has been found to have two times higher durability as compared with the same tire when it is made with PBZ cords that have an average void size of 30 ⁇ or more.
- passenger car tires could be made that had only PBZ cords in the belts and in the carcass (these would be the lightest tires) and that passenger car tires could be made with steel belts and with PBZ cords in the carcass (these tires would be heavier than tires made with only PBZ cords) and that passenger car tires could be made with PBZ cords in the belts and polyester cords in the carcass (these tires would be less expensive than the other tires).
- truck/bus tires could be made that had only PBZ cords in the belts and in the carcass (these would be the lightest tires) and that truck/bus tires could be made with steel belts and with PBZ cords in the carcass (these tires would be heavier than tires made with only PBZ cords) and that truck/bus tires could be made with PBZ cords in the belts and steel in the carcass (these tires would be heavier than tires made with only PBZ cords).
- Measurement of small angle X-rays scattering intensity is performed using suitable X-ray equipment such as a Kratkey camera. About 6 m of sample fiber is wound around a measurement holder, and X-rays are generated underthe condition of 45 kv and 150 mA. A CuKa line filtered with a nickel filter is used for measurement.
- the collimating slit of a Kratkey camera is 42 mm (length) x 0 14 mm (width) and the receiving slit is 10 mm (length) x 0 14 mm (width).
- An equatorial scattering of fiber sample is measured from 0 1 degrees to 3 degree with 0.25 degrees of step width for 30 seconds or more of integration. Compensation of background scattering is performed using the following formula from the result of
- I is an actual intensity
- l sample is the intensity measured with a measuring sample
- I air is the intensity measured without sample.
- the intensity at scattering angle of 0 is measured in order to determine the absorption coefficient of a sample.
- the measurement of void size is determined by the use of a Guinier plot.
- the disk fatigue test results are expressed in a percentage of strength retention and the tube fatigue test results are expressed in the number of minutes.
- the test protocol is based on JIS-L1017-1983.
- In-door drum test is used for high speed durability and load durability.
- the test protocol is based on JIS-D4230-1986.
- the Iife-to-failure of tire is expressed as an index which is compared with 100 for passenger car tires (Table III) and with 100 for truck and bus tires (Table V).
- Rolling resistance is measured on an in-door drum tester and expressed as an index which is compared to 100 for passenger car tires (Table III), and with 100 for truck and bus tires (Table V).
- the index is an average value of the tests performed at a speed of from 20 to 150 km/h.
- the riding feeling is based on a subjective evaluation of a panel ist through actual driving of a vehicle on a test course. The riding feeling is expressed as an index which is compared with 100 for passenger car tires (Table III), and with 100 for truck and bus tires (Table V).
- Fuel consumption is expressed as an index which is compared with 100 for passenger car tires (Table III) and 100 for truck and bus tires (Table V). The results show that fuel consumption for vehicles with tires with PBO fibers in them is better than it is for vehicles with tires that do not have PBO fibers.
- High speed durability testing is done by applying a designed load to a tire using an in-door drum tester .
- the running speed is increased in a stepwise manner as follows:
- a constant running speed is applied to a tire using an in-door drum test.
- the load for the tire is increased with stepwise manner as follows:
- Cornering Power is the cornering force divided by the slip angle. It is expressed as an index which is compared with 100 for passenger car tires (Table III) and 100 for truck and bus tires (Table V).
- Polyester, para-oriented aramid, and polybenzoxazole fiber were twisted, and 2 ply greige cords were made.
- the strength coefficient is the value of a tensile strength divided by the square of the cord gauge. The higher this value means the more strength in the cord per unit of thickness. Therefore, this strength coefficient is an important measure of fiber properties for reduction of tire weight.
- Tires for passenger cars are made using these dipped cords in the carcass and in the reinforcing belts, and the tire performance is tested.
- the composition of each tire and test results for each tire are shown in Table III.
- Epoxy is a glycerol polyglycidyl ether (trade name DenakolTM marketed by Nagase)
- RTL is a resorcinol-formaldehyde-latex
- Para-oriented aramid fiber and PBO fiber were twisted, and 2-ply greige cords made.
- Each greige cord was dipped in the same manner as described and shown in Example 1, Table I to make dipped cords.
- the properties of the dipped cords obtained are shown in Table IV.
- a radiai-ply tire for use on trucks or busses was made using these dipped PBO cords and/or steel cords, and the performance of these tires was tested.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP94908742A EP0683734A1 (en) | 1993-02-09 | 1994-02-08 | Light weight tire |
US08/491,832 US5948186A (en) | 1993-02-09 | 1994-02-08 | Light weight tire including polybenzazole fibers |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2121093 | 1993-02-09 | ||
JP5/21210 | 1993-02-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994018015A1 true WO1994018015A1 (en) | 1994-08-18 |
Family
ID=12048636
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1994/001404 WO1994018015A1 (en) | 1993-02-09 | 1994-02-08 | Light weight tire |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0683734A1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100308429B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1061390C (en) |
CA (1) | CA2153809A1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL108535A0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994018015A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5525638A (en) * | 1994-09-30 | 1996-06-11 | The Dow Chemical Company | Process for the preparation of polybenzazole filaments and fibers |
WO2000020236A1 (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2000-04-13 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Improved construction for runflat tire |
WO2000026045A1 (en) * | 1998-11-02 | 2000-05-11 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Tread stiffening for two-ply runflat tire |
US6536495B1 (en) | 1998-11-02 | 2003-03-25 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Tread stiffening for two ply runflat tire |
WO2005024120A2 (en) * | 2003-08-28 | 2005-03-17 | Kordsa, Inc. | Apparatus and process for making tape useful as a tire cap ply from greige fabric |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103012764B (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-11-13 | 江苏腾盛纺织科技集团有限公司 | Random copolyester resin containing oxazole structure, preparation method thereof and high-strength copolyester fiber |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63145414A (en) * | 1986-12-09 | 1988-06-17 | Toray Ind Inc | Modified poly-para-phenylene benzobisthiazole yarn and production thereof |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2589106B1 (en) * | 1985-10-24 | 1988-02-19 | Michelin Rech Tech | TIRE ENCLOSURE OF WHICH THE CARCASS IS CONSTITUTED BY A REGENERATED CELLULOSE FIBER |
GB2183205B (en) * | 1985-11-26 | 1989-11-08 | Riyoukou Miura | Non-slip tyre |
-
1994
- 1994-02-03 IL IL10853594A patent/IL108535A0/en unknown
- 1994-02-04 KR KR1019940002060A patent/KR100308429B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-02-08 CN CN94191133A patent/CN1061390C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-02-08 WO PCT/US1994/001404 patent/WO1994018015A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-02-08 CA CA002153809A patent/CA2153809A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-02-08 EP EP94908742A patent/EP0683734A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63145414A (en) * | 1986-12-09 | 1988-06-17 | Toray Ind Inc | Modified poly-para-phenylene benzobisthiazole yarn and production thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
"ENCYCLOPEDIA OF POLYMER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2nd Edition", 1988, JOHN WILEY & SONS, NEW YORK, US * |
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 8830, Derwent World Patents Index; Class A, AN 88-209197 * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5525638A (en) * | 1994-09-30 | 1996-06-11 | The Dow Chemical Company | Process for the preparation of polybenzazole filaments and fibers |
WO2000020236A1 (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2000-04-13 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Improved construction for runflat tire |
WO2000026045A1 (en) * | 1998-11-02 | 2000-05-11 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Tread stiffening for two-ply runflat tire |
US6536495B1 (en) | 1998-11-02 | 2003-03-25 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Tread stiffening for two ply runflat tire |
WO2005024120A2 (en) * | 2003-08-28 | 2005-03-17 | Kordsa, Inc. | Apparatus and process for making tape useful as a tire cap ply from greige fabric |
WO2005024120A3 (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2006-08-17 | Kordsa Inc | Apparatus and process for making tape useful as a tire cap ply from greige fabric |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2153809A1 (en) | 1994-08-18 |
CN1061390C (en) | 2001-01-31 |
CN1117721A (en) | 1996-02-28 |
IL108535A0 (en) | 1994-05-30 |
KR100308429B1 (en) | 2002-03-21 |
EP0683734A1 (en) | 1995-11-29 |
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