WO1994012247A1 - Distributeur de balles de golf - Google Patents
Distributeur de balles de golf Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994012247A1 WO1994012247A1 PCT/IE1993/000057 IE9300057W WO9412247A1 WO 1994012247 A1 WO1994012247 A1 WO 1994012247A1 IE 9300057 W IE9300057 W IE 9300057W WO 9412247 A1 WO9412247 A1 WO 9412247A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ball
- dispenser
- tee
- arm
- placement
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B57/00—Golfing accessories
- A63B57/0006—Automatic teeing devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a golf ball dispenser for the placement of golf balls onto a tee in a golf driving range.
- Such golf bail dispensers are described in British patent specification No. GB-A-2 061 737 (Eberle), United States patent specification No. US 3,966,213 (Bradley) and European patent specification No. EP-A1-0 002 921 (Loof).
- a golf ball trough is described which is movable through 90° and it holds golf balls replenished from a hopper.
- At the end of the trough there is a pivotal head which is urged to a detent position by a small weight. Movement of the head changes gaps at the end of the trough to allow dispensing of a golf ball onto a tee.
- a reciprocating tee assembly is described and there is a support platform for the golfer.
- U.S. patent specification No. US-A-4,741,537 describes a dispensing mechanism in which there is a gravitational feed to a ball dispenser operated by a pedal pressed by the golfer when a ball is desired.
- a deflector bar, a depression, a stop plate, and a spring-biased rocker arm cause the ball to enter a transit groove on further depression of the pedal by the golfer.
- the ball then reaches a further depression having an orifice which is blocked by the ball.
- Resulting positive pressure in an air supply through the orifice is an indication of presence of the ball, causing a tee to move upwardly with the ball to a playing position.
- ball placement is initiated by the golfer, (by depressing the pedal) and tee control is in response to pressure detection. It appears that this arrangement is quite complex as it involves use of many moving parts.
- U.S. patent specification No. US-A-5,096,200 a teeing machine is disclosed which has a complicated mechanism terminating in a ball-carrying arm rotating in a horizontal plane. An infra-red sensor detects if a ball is on the tee, apparently as a check that the machine has operated correctly.
- U.S. patent specification No. 3,901,515 describes a teeing mechanism in which mircoswitches and motors are used for control of dispensing a ball onto a track and for movement of a tee platform between lower and upper positions.
- the tee platform When a ball is struck, the tee platform is balanced so that it tilts to a second position contacting a microswitch which causes a motor to allow the platform to drop. While this mechanism is somewhat simpler than much of the other prior art mechanisms, it does require a quite complex tee support platform device. Further, the arrangement for sensing when a ball has been struck relies on balancing of the platform and correct operation of a microswitch and motor and associated electrical and mechanical components.
- the present invention is directed towards providing an improved golf ball dispenser which is of relatively simple construction.
- a further object is that the dispenser be reliable in operation over a long period of time.
- Another object is that the dispenser be versatile and that it may be used as a portable, stand-alone unit or alternatively as part of an integrated system.
- a still further object of the invention is that the dispenser be more convenient for use by the golfer.
- a golf ball dispenser for a driving range tee comprising:-
- a placement means for reception of a ball from the storage container and bringing the ball to a rest position adjacent to the end of the placement means
- a controller comprising means for directing relative movement of the placement means and the tee allowing the ball to be placed on the tee and separating the placement means and the ball to expose the ball for use; characterised in that,
- the placement means comprises an arm which is movable in a substantially vertical direction to place a ball on the tee during a downward movement.
- the dispenser may have a simple design and performs reliably.
- the dispenser further comprises a detector connected to the controller for detecting presence of a ball on the tee, and the controller further comprises a means for automatically directing placement of a fresh ball on the tee after a ball has been struck off the tee as sensed by the detector. This allows automatic placement so that the next ball may be placed while the player prepares for the next shot.
- the detector may be a vibration sensor mounted to detect vibration of the tee. This is a particularly reliable arrangement in which false trigger signals are unlikely.
- the vibration sensor may be mounted on a support plate for the tee.
- the controller preferably comprises a pulse timer connected to the vibration sensor. This is an effective way of discriminating output signals.
- the detector may alternatively be a radiation sensor such as an optical sensor. Such sensors are widely available and inexpensive.
- the controller comprises means for directing movement of the arm to a lower inoperative position beneath the level of a golf mat after placement, a ball placement cycle involving upward arm movement, receiving a ball, followed by said downward movement to the inoperative position. This arrangement is very simple as there is a simple up-down cycle of arm movement.
- the arm may be actuated by a motor, which may comprise a current limiter component for damping downward movement of the arm. This helps to ensure reliable placement.
- the storage container comprises a storage chute, the arm being movable into registry with the chute for reception of the ball under control of a main barrier.
- the main barrier may be mounted on the arm and move with it.
- the dispenser comprises an auxiliary barrier mounted to prevent delivery of more than one ball at one time to the arm from the storage chute wherein the auxiliary barrier is mounted on the arm and moves with it.
- the invention provides a golf ball dispenser comprising :-
- a placement means for receiving a ball from the storage container and placing the ball on a fixed tee
- the dispenser further comprises a golf ball detector connected to the controller for detecting presence of a ball on the fixed tee, and the controller further comprises a means for automatically directing placement of a fresh ball on the fixed tee when a ball has been struck off the tee.
- the detector is provided to detect a ball on a fixed tee, it may be quite simple and may easily operate reliably. If the tee were movable, the movement and different positions, possibly causing vibrations, could cause false signals to be outputted.
- the detector may comprise a vibration sensor mounted on a support for the tee.
- the vibration sensor is connected to a pulse timer circuit in the controller, the controller comprising means for directing placement upon detection of a pre-set number of pulses.
- the placement means comprises an arm which is movable in a substantially verrical direction to place a ball on the tee during a downward movement.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view from above showing a golf ball dispenser of the invention without its container;
- Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing the dispenser with its container
- Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view showing an alternative construction of ball storage container
- Figs. 4 and 5 are side and front views respectively showing the dispenser in an inoperative position
- Figs. 6 and 7 are side and front views respectively showing the dispenser during operation.
- Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of a controller of the dispenser.
- the dispenser 1 includes a ball storage container 20 which has an upper portion 2 having a ball rollway 3 for delivering golf balls under gravity feed into a lower portion 4 having an outlet 5.
- the lower portion 4 houses the dispenser's mechanism.
- the dispenser 1 also comprises a golf tee 21 mounted on a base plate 22 of the dispenser.
- a storage chute 23 from which a golf ball is delivered onto an arm 24 which is movable in the vertical direction on a support 25.
- the end of the arm 24 forms a curved seat for a golf ball and surrounds the golf tee 21 when the arm 24 is in a lower, inoperative position. Movement of the arm 24 in the vertical direction is caused by a motor 26 controlled by to a controller 27.
- the motor 26 drives a flywheel 28 which drives a connecting rod 29, which in turn moves the support 25 in the vertical direction.
- Power for the motor 26 and for the controller 27 may be provided by a battery 31 shown by interrupted lines in Fig. 1, or alternatively by a mains supply.
- the support 25 has an aperture 35 which is movable into registry with the end of the storage chute 23 when the support 25 is in an upper position.
- a main barrier for the chute 23 comprises a rod 36 which is shown most clearly in Fig. 5. This prevents discharge of balls from the chute 23 onto the arm 24 when the support 25 is in the lower, inoperative position.
- An auxiliary barrier 37 is also mounted on the support 25, the function of which is to prevent more than one ball from being delivered onto the arm 24 at any one time.
- a vibration sensor 30 which is mounted on the plate 22 for detection of vibration of the golf tee 21 caused by hitting a golf ball.
- the sensor 30 is of the type for detecting vibration of a door or window in an alarm system.
- a circuit diagram is shown for the controller 27 and for various electrical parts to which it is connected. Parts similar to those described with reference to the previous drawings are identified by the same reference numerals.
- the controller 27 comprises a pulse timer 41 which receives inputs from the vibration sensor 30 and the microswitch 40. A 12V supply to the -T pin allows the sensor 30 to operate in the closed position.
- the output at pin 6 of the pulse timer 41 is connected to a switch circuit 42 having a transistor 43 connected to a relay 44. Output terminals 45 of the switch circuit 42 are connected to the motor 26.
- a 47 micro Farad delay capacitor is connected to the microswitch contact T4 to ensure that spurious signals are not transmitted to the timer 41 to indicate prematurely that a ball is required.
- the dispenser of the invention may have a spiral storage container such as that indicated by the numeral 50 in Fig. 3.
- the container 50 comprises a cylindrical support 51, around which a chute 52 is mounted in a spiral arrangement. Golf balls 53 are shown rolling in the chute 52 under gravity feed.
- the dispenser 1 is mounted in a driving range bay in an arrangement whereby the arm 24 is recessed below the level of the golf mat when in the inoperative position, as shown in Fig. 2.
- the dispenser 1 is, of course, mounted on the opposite side of the tee 21 from where the golfer is to stand.
- the dispenser may operate on a stand-alone basis, or it may be integrated into a larger system in which case the quantity of balls dispensed may be centrally controlled.
- the motor 26 is activated to rotate the flywheel 28 in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 1.
- the flywheel 28 rotates, it moves the arm support 25 in the vertical direction until the microswitch 40 detects the support 25 reaching its upper position by changing to a closed state, thus transmitting a pulse to the pulse timer 41 to re-set it. This causes the motor 26 to be shut off at the position where the aperture 35 is in registry with the storage chute 23.
- the controller 27 is activated, the motor 26 is activated to rotate the flywheel 28 in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 1.
- the flywheel 28 rotates, it moves the arm support 25 in the vertical direction until the microswitch 40 detects the support 25 reaching its upper position by changing to a closed state, thus transmitting a pulse to the pulse timer 41 to re-set it.
- This causes the motor 26 to be shut off at the position where the aperture 35 is in registry with the storage chute 23.
- the auxiliary barrier 37 prevents the second and all subsequent balls from rolling in the storage chute 23.
- the first ball which was in the storage chute 23 then rolls down the arm 24 as shown in Figs. 6 until it reaches the curved seat provided at the end of the arm 24.
- the ball is then positioned directly above the tee 21.
- the flywheel 28 rotates in the anti ⁇ clockwise direction in a manner which provides a braking force for the arm 24 to prevent it falling under gravity. This damping is caused by a diode on the contacts of the motor 26 which acts as a current limiter.
- the slow downward movement of the arm 24 allows the ball 53 to reach the end of the arm 24 and also allows the ball to be placed securely on the tee 21 as the arm 24 moves downwardly.
- the golfer then strikes the ball 53 from the tee 21, thus causing the tee 21 to vibrate to some extent.
- This vibration is detected by the vibration sensor 30.
- Pulses transmitted from the vibration sensor 30 are timed by the timer 41 which outputs a signal on the pin P6 if sufficient vibrations are detected.
- This signal turns on the transistor 43 which in turn pulls the relay 44, thus allowing a 12 Volt DC supply to be applied to the motor contacts 45. This activates the motor to rotate the flywheel 28 in a clockwise direction to repeat the cycle.
- Another significant advantage of the invention is that a conventional driving range tee is used. It will be appreciated that vertical movement of the arm 24 between upper and lower positions is extremely simple and the dispenser would thus be very reliable in use. It will also be appreciated that the arrangement provided for allowing discharge of balls onto the arm 24 is extremely simple as both the main and auxiliary barriers are mounted - li ⁇
- a detector to detect striking of a golf ball avoids the need for the golfer to have to actuate the mechanism each time he or she wishes to strike a new ball. Because the tee is fixed in position, relatively simple ball detectors such as a vibration sensor (as in the embodiment described) or a radiation sensor of any suitable type may be used reliably. This feature also leads to low-cost production and also to improved reliability in operation.
- the invention is not limited to the embodiments hereinbefore described.
- the detector may comprise a radiation sensor such as an ultrasonic, optical, or indeed an electro-magnetic sensor. Because the detector need only detect ball presence on a fixed tee, a wide range of simple and inexpensive detectors may be used reliably. However, a vibration sensor is particularly advantageous because it is very unlikely to transmit a false signal and because its associated circuitry is inexpensive and reliable.
- the arm may not move to a position below the level of the mat after placement. It may, for example, have an opening at the end of the arm to allow it to move sidewardly out of the way. It is also envisaged that a different actuator may be used for moving the arm, such as a pneumatic or an hydraulic system. It is also possible that the arm may hold more than one ball at a time and may indeed act as a chute in which each successive ball moves into position after the first ball has been placed on the tee.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Feeding Of Articles To Conveyors (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Pinball Game Machines (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Scissors And Nippers (AREA)
- Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP6512952A JPH08503632A (ja) | 1992-11-30 | 1993-11-30 | ゴルフボール・ディスペンサ |
EP94900981A EP0676979B1 (fr) | 1992-11-30 | 1993-11-30 | Distributeur de balles de golf |
AU55741/94A AU5574194A (en) | 1992-11-30 | 1993-11-30 | A golf ball dispenser |
DE69320209T DE69320209T2 (de) | 1992-11-30 | 1993-11-30 | Abgabevorrichtung für golfbälle |
US08/446,712 US5674130A (en) | 1992-11-30 | 1993-11-30 | Golf ball dispenser |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IE922853 | 1992-11-30 | ||
IE922853 | 1992-11-30 | ||
IES930704 | 1993-09-22 | ||
IE930704 | 1993-09-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994012247A1 true WO1994012247A1 (fr) | 1994-06-09 |
Family
ID=26319528
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IE1993/000057 WO1994012247A1 (fr) | 1992-11-30 | 1993-11-30 | Distributeur de balles de golf |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5674130A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0676979B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH08503632A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE169234T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU5574194A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69320209T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2123750T3 (fr) |
IE (2) | IES64086B2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1994012247A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19522176A1 (de) * | 1995-06-19 | 1997-01-02 | Suesskind Schwendi Konstantin | Einrichtung zum Bereitstellen von Golfbällen zum Abschlagen |
US6129242A (en) * | 1998-03-04 | 2000-10-10 | Chan; Kin-Keung | Golf ball dispensing apparatus |
WO2003024542A3 (fr) * | 2001-09-20 | 2003-12-11 | Reinhold Rosenbreier | Appareil distributeur de balles de golf |
Families Citing this family (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5971862A (en) * | 1998-03-25 | 1999-10-26 | Yates; Patrick D. | Apparatus for dispensing and teeing golf balls |
US6174243B1 (en) * | 1999-02-10 | 2001-01-16 | Myung Choi | Golf ball feeder for use in golf practice court |
US6328659B1 (en) | 1999-04-08 | 2001-12-11 | Arthur H. Peterson | Golf ball dispensing and teeing device |
US6139441A (en) * | 1999-08-09 | 2000-10-31 | Fairchild; Richard J. | Automatic golf ball teeing device |
US6375580B1 (en) * | 2000-08-29 | 2002-04-23 | Gerd Petrik | Automatic golf ball placement device |
US20040229705A1 (en) * | 2001-01-08 | 2004-11-18 | Hollrock J. Richard | Golf ball tee-up mechanism for golf driving range |
US6585603B2 (en) | 2001-04-13 | 2003-07-01 | Samuel A. Montalvo | Golf ball teeing device having a single-piece arm and a jogger |
GB0116204D0 (en) * | 2001-07-03 | 2001-08-29 | Alpha Prec Automation Ltd | Mechanical handling device for golf balls and similary shaped articles |
US20030027653A1 (en) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-02-06 | Hong Thomas K. | Golf ball teeing device |
US6929556B1 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2005-08-16 | Mark A. Wolbert | Tee up golf practicing device |
GB2399762B (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2006-08-09 | Martin Wyeth | Ball detection apparatus |
US8409023B1 (en) | 2007-09-13 | 2013-04-02 | Dave W. Hogan | Golf ball dispensing and teeing device |
US20090075743A1 (en) * | 2007-09-13 | 2009-03-19 | Hogan Dave W | Golf ball dispensing and teeing device |
US7963854B2 (en) * | 2009-03-05 | 2011-06-21 | Re-Pete-R Enterprises, Llc | Portable automatic golf ball dispenser |
US20110124426A1 (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2011-05-26 | Alfredo Meola | Golf ball dispensing and teeing apparatus |
US9339715B2 (en) * | 2010-08-18 | 2016-05-17 | Edge Technology | Radar based tracking system for golf driving range |
US9339697B2 (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2016-05-17 | Edge Technology | RFID golf ball target system and method |
US9498682B2 (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2016-11-22 | Edge Technology | RFID embedded within inner core of a multi-core golf ball |
US9539471B2 (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2017-01-10 | Edge Technology | Golf ball with encapsulated RFID chip |
US9370694B2 (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2016-06-21 | Edge Technology | Golf ball with RFID inlay in a molded impression |
US9643056B2 (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2017-05-09 | Edge Technology | Golf ball with RFID inlay between a split core |
US9498680B2 (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2016-11-22 | Edge Technology | Split inner core of a multi-core golf ball with RFID |
US9295582B2 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2016-03-29 | Abbott Medical Optics Inc. | Fluidics adjustment techniques for use in a surgical procedure |
US10406405B2 (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2019-09-10 | Lowell R. Smith | System for packaging golf balls |
USD932575S1 (en) | 2019-07-10 | 2021-10-05 | Larry W. Chism | Golf ball detector |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3127177A (en) * | 1964-03-31 | Golf ball dispensing and teeing device | ||
US3901515A (en) | 1974-03-25 | 1975-08-26 | Joe Mozel | Automatic golf tee |
US3966213A (en) | 1975-04-03 | 1976-06-29 | Bradley John G | Golf tee device |
EP0002921A1 (fr) | 1977-12-16 | 1979-07-11 | Rupert Harry Colin Loof | Perfectionnements aux appareils plaçant automatiquement une balle de golf sur un tee |
GB2061737A (en) | 1979-09-25 | 1981-05-20 | Eberle J | Golf ball dispenser |
WO1985002126A1 (fr) | 1983-11-08 | 1985-05-23 | Bernd Folle | Installation pour poser des balles de golf |
US4741537A (en) | 1985-09-03 | 1988-05-03 | Adam Alvin R | Teeing device |
US5071131A (en) | 1985-06-18 | 1991-12-10 | Howco Trust | Golf ball dispenser comprising tapering U-shaped container and single-ball guide channel |
US5096200A (en) | 1989-11-09 | 1992-03-17 | Taito Corporation | Automatic golf ball teeing machine |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4732391A (en) * | 1985-09-23 | 1988-03-22 | Tee-Wizz Co., Inc. | Golf ball storage and dispensing apparatus |
US5351964A (en) * | 1993-12-01 | 1994-10-04 | Worldwide Golf Resources, Inc. | Golf ball teeing device |
US5415409A (en) * | 1994-01-07 | 1995-05-16 | Hellmann; Bill W. | Device for automatically teeing up golf balls |
US5458339A (en) * | 1994-07-08 | 1995-10-17 | Wildes; David | Golf ball setting apparatus |
-
1993
- 1993-11-30 WO PCT/IE1993/000057 patent/WO1994012247A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1993-11-30 IE IE092493 patent/IES64086B2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-30 ES ES94900981T patent/ES2123750T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-30 IE IE092593A patent/IE930925A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-30 JP JP6512952A patent/JPH08503632A/ja active Pending
- 1993-11-30 EP EP94900981A patent/EP0676979B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-30 US US08/446,712 patent/US5674130A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-30 DE DE69320209T patent/DE69320209T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-30 AT AT94900981T patent/ATE169234T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-30 AU AU55741/94A patent/AU5574194A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3127177A (en) * | 1964-03-31 | Golf ball dispensing and teeing device | ||
US3901515A (en) | 1974-03-25 | 1975-08-26 | Joe Mozel | Automatic golf tee |
US3966213A (en) | 1975-04-03 | 1976-06-29 | Bradley John G | Golf tee device |
EP0002921A1 (fr) | 1977-12-16 | 1979-07-11 | Rupert Harry Colin Loof | Perfectionnements aux appareils plaçant automatiquement une balle de golf sur un tee |
GB2061737A (en) | 1979-09-25 | 1981-05-20 | Eberle J | Golf ball dispenser |
WO1985002126A1 (fr) | 1983-11-08 | 1985-05-23 | Bernd Folle | Installation pour poser des balles de golf |
US5071131A (en) | 1985-06-18 | 1991-12-10 | Howco Trust | Golf ball dispenser comprising tapering U-shaped container and single-ball guide channel |
US4741537A (en) | 1985-09-03 | 1988-05-03 | Adam Alvin R | Teeing device |
US5096200A (en) | 1989-11-09 | 1992-03-17 | Taito Corporation | Automatic golf ball teeing machine |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19522176A1 (de) * | 1995-06-19 | 1997-01-02 | Suesskind Schwendi Konstantin | Einrichtung zum Bereitstellen von Golfbällen zum Abschlagen |
US6129242A (en) * | 1998-03-04 | 2000-10-10 | Chan; Kin-Keung | Golf ball dispensing apparatus |
WO2003024542A3 (fr) * | 2001-09-20 | 2003-12-11 | Reinhold Rosenbreier | Appareil distributeur de balles de golf |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH08503632A (ja) | 1996-04-23 |
IES64086B2 (en) | 1995-07-12 |
US5674130A (en) | 1997-10-07 |
DE69320209D1 (de) | 1998-09-10 |
ATE169234T1 (de) | 1998-08-15 |
ES2123750T3 (es) | 1999-01-16 |
AU5574194A (en) | 1994-06-22 |
IE930925A1 (en) | 1994-06-01 |
EP0676979A1 (fr) | 1995-10-18 |
DE69320209T2 (de) | 1999-04-08 |
EP0676979B1 (fr) | 1998-08-05 |
IES930924A2 (en) | 1994-06-01 |
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