WO1994008410A1 - Attendance registration system by radio link - Google Patents
Attendance registration system by radio link Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994008410A1 WO1994008410A1 PCT/GB1993/002079 GB9302079W WO9408410A1 WO 1994008410 A1 WO1994008410 A1 WO 1994008410A1 GB 9302079 W GB9302079 W GB 9302079W WO 9408410 A1 WO9408410 A1 WO 9408410A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- data
- transmission
- folder
- rtu
- data collection
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C1/00—Registering, indicating or recording the time of events or elapsed time, e.g. time-recorders for work people
- G07C1/10—Registering, indicating or recording the time of events or elapsed time, e.g. time-recorders for work people together with the recording, indicating or registering of other data, e.g. of signs of identity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
- G06Q10/087—Inventory or stock management, e.g. order filling, procurement or balancing against orders
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/10—Office automation; Time management
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
- G07C9/28—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass the pass enabling tracking or indicating presence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/10—Office automation; Time management
- G06Q10/109—Time management, e.g. calendars, reminders, meetings or time accounting
Definitions
- This invention relates to data logging systems, and in particular, to systems for logging or registering items of data related to persons or articles. It is particularly, although not exclusively, adapted for use as a classroom roll-taking system, for recording the presence or absence of pupils or students, their test results and other such data.
- the present invention provides a data collection system particularly suitable for use as an "electronic attendance register" system, comprising one or more portable computer devices, forming a mobile data collection means, each including data transceiving means and an attendance data collection programme, and a central data collecting station comprising a further computer including at least one data transceiving means and a data collation programme for assembling data transmitted from the individual collection stations.
- the central data collection means comprises a network of wireless transceivers distributed over the area of the premises which are connected to a central computer.
- the transceivers are radio devices, but alternatively, other methods of data communication, such as modem links or broad band networks may be utilised.
- data could be transmitted via the schools internal telephone network, but it will be appreciated that radio links have the advantage that the apparatus can be made completely portable, without any temporary or permanent connections being required, to fixed apparatus installed in the premises.
- the programme of the portable computer is adapted to present the name of each pupil in turn, so as to prompt the teacher to respond appropriately, in accordance with a predetermined number of options, to enable an appropriate record to be made for that pupil.
- a single key stroke such as " ⁇ ", " ⁇ ", "L” may be used to indicate that the pupil is present, absent or late respectively and two key strokes, such as a letter code plus “enter”, may be used to indicate other circumstances, so as to minimise the time and number of key strokes required for each roll call.
- the unit In use, when all the attendance"data has- been collected, the unit is arranged to transmit it to the central computer collection point, and preferably, a known communication protocol will be used to establish that the data has been properly received in uncorrupted form.
- the individual portable computers may also be provided with further software for storing pupils performance records, and other general purpose "personal computer” type software such as spread sheets, calculator, or memo writing.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a number of portable computer devices in accordance with the invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a central computer installation for receiving data transmitted from the individual portable computer devices.
- each of the portable devices 2 comprises a "palm top” or “lap top” computer 4 which is preferably incorporated in a robust A4 size computer folder and is referred to below as "C-folder". It preferably includes a small display screen 6, such as a multi-line LCD display, a keyboard 8, and a transceiver unit 10 which may, for example, operate on a suitable UHF/VHF band.
- the transceiver is a license exempt compliant RF transmitter/receiver module.
- a suitable number of these devices will be provided, so that each teacher can carry one, and in use, the teacher starts the operator by entering security code (PIN- Personal Identity Number) and class designation.
- the C-folder communicates with central system and down loads the list from the central system.
- the name of each pupil in the class is presented in turn on the display 6, and the teacher will indicate, in response to the name, whether that pupil is present.
- a signal including all the assembled attendance information preferably with an identifier characteristic of that particular "station", will be transmitted to the central system at the school office.
- the central system will typically comprise a standard "desk top” personal computer (PC) 12, arranged as a multi-tasking server, which is connected to a radio transceiver unit, or "RTU", 14, and also having a printer 16 for producing "hard copies" of attendance reports.
- PC personal computer
- RTU radio transceiver unit
- the central PC will be able to automatically record the attendance of all pupils, once the input from each class has been received, and suitable reports, in accordance with class or other desired parameters, can then be generated in conventional fashion.
- the system as illustrated provides the basis of a "network" by means of which information can be exchanged, as "electronic mail", and the portable units can also be enhanced by the addition of further software for keeping pupil performance records, for spread sheet manipulation, calculator operations, memo writing or word processing. Because the individual units carried by the teachers are completely portable, and require no external connections, a considerable saving may be made in terms of staff time in particular, since the necessity for teachers to make frequent trips to the school office to deliver or collect information, can be avoided.
- Each transceiver comprises a license exempt RF transmitter/receiver module, microprocessor based control circuitry, and an RS-485 interface for communication with the central server, as explained below.
- Each RTU generates periodic FR ⁇ E slots which can be used by a C-Folder to initiate a transmission.
- the RTU checks for "Data Carrier" before the FR ⁇ signal is transmitted in order to avoid collision vith another ongoing transmission.
- the C-Folder detects a FREE signal it waits for a short period of random length and checks for a "Data Carrier” signal, in order to determine whether another C-Folder or RTU is already transmitting, and if not, it transmits a "Request to Send" command.
- a CLEAR to SEND command transnitted from the RTU t the Folder indicates that the arbitration has been won, otherwise the Folder waits for the next FREE signal to retry (see below) .
- the Folder receives CLEAR to SEND command, it then transmits its actual c ⁇ nmand/data request and waits for an ACKNOWLEDGE. If the ACKNOWLEDGE comes within 5 seconds the cycle is completed, otherwise the transmission is considered to have failed and the arbitration cycle is repeated.
- the Folder If the Folder expects a reply and/or data block from the server in response to its request, it will wait for a maximum of 20 seconds. If nothing is received from the RTU which received and acknowledged the request after 20 seconds, the Folder considers the transmission as failed and it repeats the arbitration cycle. If the Folder requests a lengthy transfer from the server, such as form/class list transmission, and a transmission error is detected, the Folder requests the retransmission of orly the failed blocks.
- the Folder transmits additional data attached to its ECB and it fails to get the ACKNOWLEDGE within 5 seconds, it transmits a FAILED to GET LIST ACK message to the RTU and waits for a further 5 seconds. If the ACKNOWLEDGE is still not received at the end of the second wait, the transmission is considered failed and the Folder repeats the arbitration cycle.
- the purpose of this second wait is to minimise the repeat of lengthy transmissions like form/class list and attendance list transfers. It is possible that the acknowledge from the RTU may get corrupted even if the data transmission from the Folder goes through correctly. In this case, the retransmission of the ACKNOWLEDGE will be much quicker than repeating the whole cycle.
- the C-Folder will wait for a further, shorter random length period before retrying, and the process will be repeated until the wait period is reduced to zero length so as to give priority to the longest waiting C-Folders.
- the frequency of the FREE signals is configurable for each site, and is determined by the duration of the longest possible RTU C-Folder transmission and maximum number of RANDOM slots. These two factors are also configurable with the first being dependent on the Registration Group sizes for the site, and the latter being determined by the concentration of C-Folders in the zone of each RTU.
- the RF communication between the C-Folders and RTUs follows a special command block ("ECB") structure described below which, amongst other information includes the origin of the transaction. Whenever appropriate, this information is used by the Server to decide which zone the reply is sent to when transmitting data to a C-Folder.
- EBC command block
- RTUs play the role of network access controller in the EARS RF Protocol.
- the periodically generated FREE Signals form the bases of access control for all devices waiting to start RF transmission.
- RTU to Folder transmission takes place by replacing the FREE signal with other commands, usually in response to the requests/commands received from Folders.
- the RTU After transmitting the FREE signal, the RTU will wait for a pre-specified time for replies from Folders. To start the arbitration cycle, the first command from a Folder will be REQUEST to TRANSMIT. If more than one Folder request is received, the RTU acknowledges the first one by transmitting a CLEAR to SEND command, specifically addressed to the relevant Folder. The RTU then allows only 1 second for the command/request to be transmitted from the Folder. The assumption is that the Folder will have finished all the necessary preparations before queuing up for transmission, therefore having been given the "go-ahead" it will be able to transmit its request immediately. This approach helps to minimise unnecessary delays on the EARS RF protocol. One the RTU receives a request from a Folder, all following transmissions will be addressed to the specific Folder until the cycle is completed.
- the RTU Having transmitted the CLEAR to SEND and receiving the command/request, the RTU then ACKNOWLEDGES the reception, which serves to put the requester on a wait while the request is being dealt with.
- the RTU then transmits the request to the Server via the RS-485 link and resumes the transmission or the FREE signals. It is possible for the RTU to buffer as much as 5 Folder requests while the Server is still acting on the first one.
- the reply is transmitted back to the RTU on the RS-485, with all the original address information still intact.
- the RTU the uses this information to transmit the reply/back to the relevant Folder in the next FREE signal slot. If the reply is a short one, i.e.
- the RTU only waits 2 seconds for an ACKNOWLEDGE, and does not insist on having one. However, if the response has additional data attached, the RTU will wait for the ACKNOWLEDGE for up to 5 seconds, and if not received will transmit a FAILED TO GET LAST ACK message to the requesting Folder. If the ACKNOWLEDGE is not received after a further wait of 5 seconds, the RTU gives up and starts the transmission of the FREE signals. In that case the Folder has to go through the arbitration cycle if it wants to request the data block again. When a reply is being transmitted back to a folder the RTU does not carry out any initiating activities, rather, it assumes that the Folder is waiting to receive the reply for the request/command previously submitted.
- the Server When the Server replies to a request from a C- Folder, it is able to extract the Zone information from the incoming ECB and direct the reply accordingly.
- a dedicated ECB command issued by the Server tells all RTUs to HALT the FREE signal while, at the same time, transferring the reply data to the RTU serving the ZONE where the request originates from.
- this RTU transmits the appropriate ECB to transfer the data to the requesting folder, as shown in Figure 3.
- the RTU then immediately reports to the server which then RELEASES the RTUs to proceed with the transmission of the FREE signal.
- the RELEASE command also is used as a means of synchronising the internal timer of the RTUs to generate the periodic FREE signal.
- FREE signal conforms to the ECB structure, it is possible to transmit control commands embedded into the ECB. For example, certain C-Folders may be prohibited from transmission, or non-urgent activities may be suspended at peak times of the network.
- RTUs By handling the RF transmission load locally, RTUs enable the server to efficiently service the requests originating from the C-Folder. ECB's coming from the Folders will be optionally time stamped when initiated so that the Server can prioritise the replies to minimise the delays. This proves 'useful especially for large installations.
- the server communicates with the RTUs via a RS-485 link at 19.2 Kbps.
- This is a single-driver/multi-receiver protocol which allows commands to be sent to all RTUs at the same time.
- transfer of data between RTUs and the server is done on polling bases. When polling the RTUs, incoming data is transferred to the server immediately. However, if data is requested from the server, the response may be immediate or queued depending on the type of request. C-Folders generate three types of requests, as listed below. 1. Request confirmation of a list
- Reply to Type 1 request can be either an immediate CONFIRMation if the list has not changed or a queued UPDATE if the list has changed.
- Reply to Type 2 is always queued.
- the list is immediately transferred from the RTU to the server, and the relevant RTU is instructed to send an ACKnowledge back to the Folder at the next FREE slot, while the other RTUs are HALTed.
- All communications between the C-Folder and its closest RTU are under the control of a set protocol (the "EARS" protocol) .
- This has been designed to allow as many C-Folders as possible to use the RTU at one time, but still allow a fast data transfer when required.
- the RTU at all times is considered to be in control of the channel and it makes 'slots' available to the C-Folder by transmitting a •free-pulse' (invitation to transmit) at regular intervals to which the C-Folders can respond to if they wish to transmit. If the RTU wishes to transmit data to a C-Folder in its range, it does so by substituting a data packet for the free pulse.
- Data is protected by two mechanisms, the first is with a simple checksum system where each block is checksummed on transmission and receipt, and if there is a difference the block is re-transmitted. Also all data blocks above 128 bytes in length are split into effective blocks, and these blocks are checksummed individually and these checksums are transmitted after the block, so that if part of the transmission is corrupted, only a small amount has to be re-transmitted.
- the EARS RF Communication Protocol is based on the Slotted Aloha principle utilising a non-persistent Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) mechanism.
- CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access
- EARS Control Block EARS Control Block
- Designation indicates who the command blocks is designated to.
- Block Number Indicates Block Number in multi-block re ⁇ transmission
- Length Length of the ECB + attached data block.
- Checksum Checksum byte for the ECB contents only. If additional data is attached, separate checksum bytes will be included within the data structure.
- EARS RF Communication Protocol uses a non- persistent carrier sense mechanism to allow multiple RF transmissions to take place without interfering with each other.
- An EARS device (RTU or Folder) wishing to start RF transmission, first checks for the presence of another ongoing transmission. If none is detected the device immediately starts transmitting. If the device detects ongoing transmission, it gives up its turn and tries in the next slot, hence the non-persistency. For the RTUs the next retry will happen at the periodic FREE Signal Slot. The Folder will retry next time it receives a FREE Signal from an RTU. This non-persistent mechanism prevents retrying devices from causing a pile-up effect.
- Data transfers on the EARS RF protocol are structured in 128 byte blocks to help with recovering from transmission errors.
- Each data block carries all necessary information such as length, block number and checksum to enable independent error checking during the transmission. It is also possible for the receiving end to ask for a block checksum table to be transmitted, which is used when multiple block errors are detected.
- the transmitting end will prepare the necessary number of 128 byte blocks. These blocks will then be concatanated and transmitted in one go. Since the blocks maintain their individual identity within the data stream, the receiving end will be able to isolate the corrupted blocks in case of a transmission failure. It is then possible to request re-transmission of only the failed blocks, which will be inserted into their correct position in the data stream. This method provides the best possible transfer rate. Since it does not include the overload of individual send/acknowledge cycles, or the need to re-transmit the whole data stream in case of a single error.
- the RTU fails to respond, it is flagged onto the server display screen, and this can be used to trace failed units for maintenance purposes. For purposes of speed, if the server has any data it wishes to transmit to the RTU, it doesn't wait until the cycle of polling is complete, but will transmit to the RTU at any time.
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- Development Economics (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
- Structure Of Receivers (AREA)
- Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002146116A CA2146116C (en) | 1992-10-07 | 1993-10-07 | Attendance registration system by radio link |
EP93922024A EP0664061B1 (en) | 1992-10-07 | 1993-10-07 | Attendance registration system by radio link |
US08/411,776 US5956696A (en) | 1992-10-07 | 1993-10-07 | Attendance registration system by radio link |
DE0664061T DE664061T1 (en) | 1992-10-07 | 1993-10-07 | PRESENCE PRESENTATION SYSTEM WITH RADIO CONNECTION. |
DK93922024T DK0664061T3 (en) | 1992-10-07 | 1993-10-07 | Radio-connected registration system |
DE69324698T DE69324698C5 (en) | 1992-10-07 | 1993-10-07 | SYSTEM FOR REGISTERING THE PRESENCE OF WIRELESS CONNECTION |
AU51173/93A AU691473C (en) | 1992-10-07 | 1993-10-07 | Attendance registration system by radio link |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9221074.9 | 1992-10-07 | ||
GB929221074A GB9221074D0 (en) | 1992-10-07 | 1992-10-07 | Attendance registration system by radio link |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994008410A1 true WO1994008410A1 (en) | 1994-04-14 |
Family
ID=10723092
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1993/002079 WO1994008410A1 (en) | 1992-10-07 | 1993-10-07 | Attendance registration system by radio link |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5956696A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0664061B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE179561T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU691473C (en) |
CA (1) | CA2146116C (en) |
DE (2) | DE664061T1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0664061T3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB9221074D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994008410A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2740580A1 (en) * | 1995-10-26 | 1997-04-30 | Modesti Guy | Monitoring attendance of people at particular location e.g. schoolchildren absence |
ES2107366A1 (en) * | 1995-02-17 | 1997-11-16 | Faura Manuel Ciges | System for checking presence on routes. |
WO1998043188A1 (en) * | 1997-03-24 | 1998-10-01 | Schlumberger Technologies, Inc. | System and method of tracking continuing education information using secure stored data devices |
NL1012667C2 (en) * | 1999-07-22 | 2001-01-23 | Nedap Nv | Attendance registration system for education. |
EP1779356A2 (en) * | 2004-08-16 | 2007-05-02 | Incom Corporation | Attendance tracking system |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6173153B1 (en) * | 1998-11-13 | 2001-01-09 | Dean Bittman | Method and apparatus for taking school attendance |
DE10129181A1 (en) * | 2001-06-19 | 2003-01-02 | Andreas Bruch | System for capture and analysis of school specific data such as presence, missing hours, cancelled lessons, marks, etc., whereby data is entered in mobile computers for later transfer to a central storage and analysis computer |
IL159802A0 (en) * | 2004-01-11 | 2004-06-20 | Supercom Ltd | Attendance monitoring system |
US7826645B1 (en) | 2006-02-22 | 2010-11-02 | Cayen Joseph D | Wireless fingerprint attendance system |
US8126788B2 (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2012-02-28 | Exaktime Innovations, Inc. | Method for tracking time attendance of either a dedicated user or multiple non-dedicated users, interchangeably, using a single multi-function electronic hand-held device |
US9715807B2 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2017-07-25 | Thl Holding Company, Llc | Wireless device and methods for use in determining classroom attendance |
CN105844728A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-08-10 | 中山艾华企业管理咨询有限公司 | Work attendance statistical system |
CN107231701A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2017-10-03 | 朱晓庆 | Wireless communications method, wireless communication terminal, service end and teaching are registered device |
US10706731B2 (en) | 2016-08-10 | 2020-07-07 | Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishing Group, Llc | Attendance monitoring system |
EP3560141A4 (en) | 2016-12-22 | 2020-06-10 | Level 8 IOT, LLC | Systems and methods for electronic ticketing, monitoring, and indicating permissive use of facilities |
CN108932756A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-12-04 | 合肥托卡拉图科技有限公司 | A kind of student based on cell phone application enters school, monitor system of registering of leaving school |
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EP0475681A2 (en) * | 1990-09-06 | 1992-03-18 | NCR International, Inc. | Antenna control for a wireless local area network station |
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-
1992
- 1992-10-07 GB GB929221074A patent/GB9221074D0/en active Pending
-
1993
- 1993-10-07 CA CA002146116A patent/CA2146116C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-10-07 WO PCT/GB1993/002079 patent/WO1994008410A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-10-07 AU AU51173/93A patent/AU691473C/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-10-07 DK DK93922024T patent/DK0664061T3/en active
- 1993-10-07 DE DE0664061T patent/DE664061T1/en active Pending
- 1993-10-07 EP EP93922024A patent/EP0664061B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-07 US US08/411,776 patent/US5956696A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-10-07 DE DE69324698T patent/DE69324698C5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-07 AT AT93922024T patent/ATE179561T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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SU468278A1 (en) * | 1973-01-08 | 1975-04-25 | Харьковский Институт Радиоэлектроники | Device for recording attendance of classes |
WO1985001582A1 (en) * | 1983-10-04 | 1985-04-11 | B.I. Incorporated | Time and accounting system |
WO1987000659A1 (en) * | 1985-07-19 | 1987-01-29 | Clinicom Incorporated | Patient identification and verification system and method |
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GB2190525A (en) * | 1986-05-15 | 1987-11-18 | Banyaszati Fejlesztesi Intezet | Automatic identification of living creatures and objects |
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Cited By (8)
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ES2107366A1 (en) * | 1995-02-17 | 1997-11-16 | Faura Manuel Ciges | System for checking presence on routes. |
FR2740580A1 (en) * | 1995-10-26 | 1997-04-30 | Modesti Guy | Monitoring attendance of people at particular location e.g. schoolchildren absence |
WO1998043188A1 (en) * | 1997-03-24 | 1998-10-01 | Schlumberger Technologies, Inc. | System and method of tracking continuing education information using secure stored data devices |
NL1012667C2 (en) * | 1999-07-22 | 2001-01-23 | Nedap Nv | Attendance registration system for education. |
EP1071046A1 (en) * | 1999-07-22 | 2001-01-24 | N.V. Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek NEDAP | Educational presence registration system |
EP1779356A2 (en) * | 2004-08-16 | 2007-05-02 | Incom Corporation | Attendance tracking system |
EP1779356A4 (en) * | 2004-08-16 | 2008-01-23 | Incom Corp | Attendance tracking system |
US8353705B2 (en) | 2004-08-16 | 2013-01-15 | Incom Corporation | Attendance tracking system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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GB9221074D0 (en) | 1992-11-18 |
DK0664061T3 (en) | 1999-11-01 |
CA2146116C (en) | 2004-02-17 |
US5956696A (en) | 1999-09-21 |
DE69324698D1 (en) | 1999-06-02 |
AU691473B2 (en) | 1998-05-21 |
EP0664061B1 (en) | 1999-04-28 |
ATE179561T1 (en) | 1999-05-15 |
AU5117393A (en) | 1994-04-26 |
AU691473C (en) | 2007-05-03 |
EP0664061A1 (en) | 1995-07-26 |
CA2146116A1 (en) | 1994-04-14 |
DE69324698C5 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
DE69324698T2 (en) | 1999-09-09 |
DE664061T1 (en) | 1996-10-10 |
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