WO1993015658A1 - Arteriographie numerique pulsee assistee par ordinateur - Google Patents
Arteriographie numerique pulsee assistee par ordinateur Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993015658A1 WO1993015658A1 PCT/GB1993/000308 GB9300308W WO9315658A1 WO 1993015658 A1 WO1993015658 A1 WO 1993015658A1 GB 9300308 W GB9300308 W GB 9300308W WO 9315658 A1 WO9315658 A1 WO 9315658A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bolus
- dye
- ray images
- digital values
- ray
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002583 angiography Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 19
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 12
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 200000000007 Arterial disease Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000003484 anatomy Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000326 densiometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000018262 Peripheral vascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000709 aorta Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002051 biphasic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009760 functional impairment Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001435 haemodynamic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B6/481—Diagnostic techniques involving the use of contrast agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/50—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
- A61B6/504—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for diagnosis of blood vessels, e.g. by angiography
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/50—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
- A61B6/507—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for determination of haemodynamic parameters, e.g. perfusion CT
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improved technique of X-ray angiography.
- the radiological assessment of patients with peripheral vascular disease is currently performed using a technique called angiography.
- This technique requires an injection of a large quantity, typically 50-150 ml, of radio-opaque dye into an artery via a cannula, using a motorized syringe.
- the injection takes several seconds and its objective is to fill the artery and its branches with dye so that there is sufficient contrast between the artery and surrounding tissues for it to be visible on an X-ray.
- the radio-opaque dye which acts as a contrast agent is carried with the blood into the smaller branches of the arterial tree and, ultimately, into the tissues and veins.
- a limited number, usually between one and ten, of single frame X-ray pictures are taken. The patient is usually moved between frames so that each X-ray picture is of a different region but, in each case, the blood vessels are well filled with the contrast agent.
- the X-ray images so generated display the anatomy of the arterial tree from which an experienced clinician is able to derive a limited, subjective assessment of the functional impairment that occlusive arterial disease may be causing.
- Arterial disease is usually irregularly distributed and functionally significant lesions are easily missed, especially if they overlie other X-ray dense structures such as bones. Even with X-rays taken in two planes at right angles to one another, the functional severity of the arterial disease is not measurable objectively.
- Digital X-ray imaging has been used to improve the quality of angiograms in terms of the anatomical information that they contain.
- the technique of digital subtraction angiography uses the same dye injection method as is outlined above but records two images - one before the injection and one after. Converting the
- DVI digital vascular imaging
- the important parameter that governs the severity of arterial disease is not the configuration of the individual lesions seen on an angiogram but the blood flow pattern through the arterial network.
- the overall volume of blood flow does not diminish at rest but the distribution of the blood flow via the possible parallel pathways does change and is a useful indicator of the functional severity of the arterial disease.
- Measurements of relative volume blood flow in different arteries is the most useful information for planning an appropriate surgical procedure.
- the flow of blood in a major artery such as the aorta is not steady but shows a marked forward flow phase in the first half of the cardiac cycle followed by a period of almost zero or even slight reverse flow in the second half.
- the blood is accelerating and this has the effect of stabilising the flow (laminar flow) so that injection of contrast agent during this period results in excessive dilution of the agent and inadequate mixing of the agent with the blood: both of which reduce the quality of the final angiogram image.
- Conventional angiography attempts to get over this problem by injecting a large volume of dye (50 to 150ml) at a rapid rate (10-15ml/sec) over several cardiac cycles (5-10 seconds).
- Previously described real-time digital angiogram systems use the same dye injection method as conventional angiography and differ only in the manipulation technique used on the image sequence.
- a method and apparatus for monitoring blood flow through a blood vessel by angiography characterised in that a bolus of radio-opaque dye is injected into a blood vessel over a period less than one cardiac cycle, and a sequence of X-ray images are formed at predetermined intervals to provide an indication of movement of the bolus through the vessel and its branches.
- the cardiac cycle is monitored and injection of the bolus is effected at a predetermined point in said cycle.
- the sequence of X-ray images may be converted into digital format, the set of digital values representing each of the X-ray images being subtracted from those representing a successive X-ray image in the sequence and any negative digital values being converted to digital zeros.
- the density of radio-opaque dye within a predetermined notional area at least a part of which overlies the area occupied by the blood vessel in the X-ray images may then be calculated for each set of digital values generated by the said subtraction, the calculated densities providing an indication of volume flow through the blood vessel.
- the proposed technique takes digital subtraction angiography further than existing techniques.
- Blood flow in an artery is biphasic with an initial forward flow phase and a shorter reverse flow phase.
- a short pulse of dye is introduced at the time when the blood flow is almost zero.
- the dye forms a localised bolus in the artery which is carried through the arterial tree on the next pulse.
- a continuous sequence of images is recorded, one every l/50th second, direct from the X-ray image intensifier as the dye bolus passes.
- These images can be digitised and stored directly in computer memory, or recorded on videotape and digitised at a later date. Each image is taken in turn and subtracted from the following one and the negative values in this image ignored.
- the result is an image that shows only the forward movement of the dye bolus in the given time interval. As the time interval is so short the effect of a slight movement of the patient is effectively eliminated.
- the set of subtraction images can then be treated in two ways:
- the images can be added together producing an image that shows the entire course of the dye bolus over the cycle. This is equivalent to a conventional digital subtraction angiogram.
- the advantages of this technique are that it uses even less dye than a conventional angiogram, provides both anatomical information and blood flow velocity over the pulse cycle. For any given point in the cardiac cycle, the change in velocity from one point in an artery to another is related to their relative areas, i.e. the degree of occlusion of the artery by arterial disease. Thus both the anatomical distribution of the disease and its functional effect can be measured. The latter is the most important factor in deciding what form of surgical treatment is required.
- the computer assisted dynamic digital angiography technique described can be implemented using existing equipment.
- the ECG monitor, X-ray Image intensifier and motorised syringe are standard pieces of equipment in an angiography suite.
- a computer is fitted with a frame grabber interface board which allows it to capture images directly from the image intensifier or from the videotape, and an analogue/digital and digital/analogue interface which allows it to read the ECG signal and control the video recorder and motorised syringe driver.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of apparatus in accordance with the invention
- Figure 2 shows diagra matically injection of a contrast agent during a single cardiac cycle
- Figure 3 shows X-ray image density plots for two unsubtracted frames
- Figure 4 shows the effect of subtracting the X-ray image density plots of Figure 3;
- Figure 5 shows schematically a dye bolus passing a pre-defined region of interest ('ROI').
- Figure 6 shows a plot of ROI density against time (frame number) .
- the apparatus used in this angiography technique is illustrated schematically in Figure 1 and includes a conventional diagnostic X-ray system (10) with an X-ray image intensifier and television camera for converting an X-ray image into a video signal comprising a series of television fields; a computer (12) having an analogue or digital memory capable of storing a plurality of successive fields and a digital processor that can manipulate any of fields in any order; and ECG monitor (14) having an analogue/digital interface to the digital processor; a motorised contrast medium injector (16) and interface to the digital processor; and an output which can be displayed on a television monitor after the image processing has been completed.
- a conventional diagnostic X-ray system 10 with an X-ray image intensifier and television camera for converting an X-ray image into a video signal comprising a series of television fields
- a computer (12) having an analogue or digital memory capable of storing a plurality of successive fields and a digital processor that can manipulate any of fields in any order
- ECG monitor (14)
- the method of injecting the radio opaque dye which acts as the contrast agent is the key to the technique. Instead of a large bolus of dye being injected over several cycles, a small bolus of contrast agent is injected during the latter part of a single cardiac cycle. As shown in Figure 2, the blood in the artery decelerates rapidly during the latter half of the cardiac cycle and this has the effect of destabilising the fluid flow and creating fluid turbulence so that injection of dye at this point will result in efficient mixing of the dye with the blood. In addition, because the dye is only injected during one cycle at a point when the blood flow is at its least, minimum dispersion of the dye in the vessel • takes place. The result is a very localised bolus (e.g. 1-2 cm long) of high dye concentration.
- a very localised bolus e.g. 1-2 cm long
- the synchronisation of the dye bolus injection with the cardiac cycle is achieved by using the ECG output as input to the digital processor, and an output from the digital processor to trigger the motorised dye injection syringe.
- the detailed timing of the signals depends on the site of the injection and the characteristics of the syringe driver.
- the blood and dye are accelerated rapidly, and as the flow is stabilised by acceleration, the bolus retains its compact configuration as it is carried into the arterial tree.
- the bolus is distributed along branches of the arterial tree according to their relative volume blood flows.
- a sequence of X-ray images is recorded in real-time during this process.
- the compact nature of the bolus and the rapidity with which the blood moves makes such images difficult to interpret by an unaided observer in real-time so digital image processing is required to extract the desired anatomical and flow information.
- the sequence of X-ray images must be combined and manipulated in order to give a useful representation of the overall anatomy of the arterial tree, as each image only has dye filling a small section of the arterial tree.
- Images from two different positions in the sequence are subtracted from each other.
- the resulting image consists of a region of positive density and a region of negative density corresponding to the forward movement of the head and tail of the bolus (Fig 4). All structures which are present in the same position in both images are absent from the subtracted image.
- the negative density regions are set to zero to leave just a positive image of the movement of the dye.
- This process is repeated for different pairs of images in the sequence; the result is a set of positive contrast images that include the whole of the arterial tree. Finally these images are integrated to build a complete map of the arterial tree and to reduce the background noise in the final image.
- This composite anatomical image is equivalent to the image provided in a conventional digital subtraction angiogram (DSA).
- DSA digital subtraction angiogram
- the technique we have adopted is to measure the movement of the dye bolus past an arbitrary point in a vessel: the method calculates the centre of gravity of the dye bolus by using densitometric measurement over a small, static region of interest ('ROI') in a contiguous sequence of subtracted frames (see Figure 5).
- the ROI is a small notional rectangle that spans the vessel in question: the orientation of the rectangle to the vessel is not critical, nor is it necessary that the rectangle should exactly match the diameter of the vessel.
- the entire dye bolus passes through the ROI, and by integrating the X-ray density over the ROI for each image, and summing the value for each image in the sequence a plot of the ROI intensity against time can be generated (Figure 6).
- the area under this graph is a measure of the volume of dye (and hence blood) that has passed through that part of the artery in a defined time. Such measurements are repeated for different vessls of interest.
- the ratio of the resulting areas for each vessel is in proportion to the ratio of the time averaged volume flow in the vessels.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP93903286A EP0625885A1 (fr) | 1992-02-14 | 1993-02-12 | Arteriographie numerique pulsee assistee par ordinateur |
GB9415914A GB2278526A (en) | 1992-02-14 | 1993-02-12 | Computer assisted pulsed digital angiography |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9203132.7 | 1992-02-14 | ||
GB9203132A GB9203132D0 (en) | 1992-02-14 | 1992-02-14 | Computer assisted dynamic digital angiography |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993015658A1 true WO1993015658A1 (fr) | 1993-08-19 |
Family
ID=10710379
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1993/000308 WO1993015658A1 (fr) | 1992-02-14 | 1993-02-12 | Arteriographie numerique pulsee assistee par ordinateur |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0625885A1 (fr) |
GB (2) | GB9203132D0 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1993015658A1 (fr) |
Cited By (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0744156A1 (fr) * | 1995-05-25 | 1996-11-27 | Shimadzu Corporation | Appareil numérique angiographique |
US5800397A (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 1998-09-01 | Invasatec, Inc. | Angiographic system with automatic high/low pressure switching |
US5882343A (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 1999-03-16 | Invasatec, Inc. | Dual port syringe |
US6005917A (en) * | 1995-04-05 | 1999-12-21 | Andersson; Mats | Velocity adaptive filtered angiography |
US6099502A (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 2000-08-08 | Acist Medical Systems, Inc. | Dual port syringe |
US6221045B1 (en) | 1995-04-20 | 2001-04-24 | Acist Medical Systems, Inc. | Angiographic injector system with automatic high/low pressure switching |
FR2822048A1 (fr) * | 2001-03-19 | 2002-09-20 | Ge Med Sys Global Tech Co Llc | Procede d'examen radiologique cardiaque en coronarographie et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre |
CN1100515C (zh) * | 1995-05-30 | 2003-02-05 | 岛津制作所株式会社 | 数字式血管造影仪 |
US6626862B1 (en) | 2000-04-04 | 2003-09-30 | Acist Medical Systems, Inc. | Fluid management and component detection system |
US6656157B1 (en) | 1995-04-20 | 2003-12-02 | Acist Medical Systems, Inc. | Infinitely refillable syringe |
US7065395B2 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2006-06-20 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc | Method and apparatus for cardiac radiological examination in coronary angiography |
US7672710B2 (en) | 1994-09-21 | 2010-03-02 | Medrad, Inc. | Data communication and control for medical imaging systems |
US8340744B2 (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2012-12-25 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | System, apparatus, and method for reproducible and comparable flow acquisitions |
US9008759B2 (en) | 2007-07-17 | 2015-04-14 | Bayer Medical Care Inc. | Devices and systems for determination of parameters for a procedure, for estimation of cardiopulmonary function and for fluid delivery |
US9238099B2 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2016-01-19 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | System and apparatus for modeling pressures generated during an injection procedure |
US9302044B2 (en) | 2006-12-29 | 2016-04-05 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | Patient-based parameter generation systems for medical injection procedures |
US9421330B2 (en) | 2008-11-03 | 2016-08-23 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | Mitigation of contrast-induced nephropathy |
US9616166B2 (en) | 2004-11-16 | 2017-04-11 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | Systems and methods of determining injection protocols for diagnostic imaging procedures |
US9949704B2 (en) | 2012-05-14 | 2018-04-24 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | Systems and methods for determination of pharmaceutical fluid injection protocols based on x-ray tube voltage |
US9959389B2 (en) | 2010-06-24 | 2018-05-01 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | Modeling of pharmaceutical propagation and parameter generation for injection protocols |
CN108245178A (zh) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-07-06 | 苏州润迈德医疗科技有限公司 | 一种基于x射线冠脉造影图像的血液流动速度计算方法 |
US10898638B2 (en) | 2016-03-03 | 2021-01-26 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | System and method for improved fluid delivery in multi-fluid injector systems |
US20210298708A1 (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2021-09-30 | Pie Medical Imaging B.V. | Method and system for registering intra-object data with extra-object data |
US11141535B2 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2021-10-12 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | Fluid path impedance assessment for improving fluid delivery performance |
US11191503B2 (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2021-12-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Fluid-injector for a simultaneous anatomical and fluid dynamic analysis in coronary angiography |
US11278853B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2022-03-22 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | Method for controlling fluid accuracy and backflow compensation |
US11478581B2 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2022-10-25 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | Fluid injector system volume compensation system and method |
US11598664B2 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2023-03-07 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | Injector pressure calibration system and method |
US11779702B2 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2023-10-10 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | Method for dynamic pressure control in a fluid injector system |
US11786652B2 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2023-10-17 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | System and method for drive member position and fluid injector system mechanical calibration |
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EP0082771A2 (fr) * | 1981-12-22 | 1983-06-29 | Thomson-Csf Broadcast Inc. | Procédé et dispositif de visualisation d'un corps |
US4611340A (en) * | 1983-05-20 | 1986-09-09 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Apparatus for examining a biological object by using radiation |
-
1992
- 1992-02-14 GB GB9203132A patent/GB9203132D0/en active Pending
-
1993
- 1993-02-12 WO PCT/GB1993/000308 patent/WO1993015658A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-02-12 EP EP93903286A patent/EP0625885A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-02-12 GB GB9415914A patent/GB2278526A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
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EP0082771A2 (fr) * | 1981-12-22 | 1983-06-29 | Thomson-Csf Broadcast Inc. | Procédé et dispositif de visualisation d'un corps |
US4611340A (en) * | 1983-05-20 | 1986-09-09 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Apparatus for examining a biological object by using radiation |
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Title |
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BIOMEDIZINISCHE TECHNIK vol. 25, no. 3, March 1980, BERLIN DE pages 58 - 62 DECKER ET AL. 'Hydraulischer Hochdruck-Injektor mit digitalem Injektionsprozessor' * |
MEDICAL PHYSICS vol. 16, no. 2, March 1989, NEW YORK US pages 179 - 187 CUNNINGHAM ET AL. 'Arterial flow characterization with a photodiode array based imaging system' * |
SCHWEIZERISCHE TECHNISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT no. 51, 20 December 1973, WABERN CH pages 1050 - 1055 PUPATO 'Die Angiographie' * |
Cited By (42)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7672710B2 (en) | 1994-09-21 | 2010-03-02 | Medrad, Inc. | Data communication and control for medical imaging systems |
US8160679B2 (en) | 1994-09-21 | 2012-04-17 | Medrad, Inc. | Methods of coordinating an imaging procedure and an injection procedure |
US8055328B2 (en) | 1994-09-21 | 2011-11-08 | Medrad, Inc. | Interface unit for use with injectors and imaging systems and related devices |
US7937134B2 (en) | 1994-09-21 | 2011-05-03 | Medrad, Inc. | Systems for controlling injection and/or imaging procedures |
US6005917A (en) * | 1995-04-05 | 1999-12-21 | Andersson; Mats | Velocity adaptive filtered angiography |
US6099502A (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 2000-08-08 | Acist Medical Systems, Inc. | Dual port syringe |
US5882343A (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 1999-03-16 | Invasatec, Inc. | Dual port syringe |
US6344030B1 (en) | 1995-04-20 | 2002-02-05 | Acist Medical Systems, Inc. | Random speed change injector |
US6221045B1 (en) | 1995-04-20 | 2001-04-24 | Acist Medical Systems, Inc. | Angiographic injector system with automatic high/low pressure switching |
US6656157B1 (en) | 1995-04-20 | 2003-12-02 | Acist Medical Systems, Inc. | Infinitely refillable syringe |
US5800397A (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 1998-09-01 | Invasatec, Inc. | Angiographic system with automatic high/low pressure switching |
EP0744156A1 (fr) * | 1995-05-25 | 1996-11-27 | Shimadzu Corporation | Appareil numérique angiographique |
US5594771A (en) * | 1995-05-25 | 1997-01-14 | Shimadzu Corporation | Digital angiographic apparatus |
CN1100515C (zh) * | 1995-05-30 | 2003-02-05 | 岛津制作所株式会社 | 数字式血管造影仪 |
US6626862B1 (en) | 2000-04-04 | 2003-09-30 | Acist Medical Systems, Inc. | Fluid management and component detection system |
US7065395B2 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2006-06-20 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc | Method and apparatus for cardiac radiological examination in coronary angiography |
FR2822048A1 (fr) * | 2001-03-19 | 2002-09-20 | Ge Med Sys Global Tech Co Llc | Procede d'examen radiologique cardiaque en coronarographie et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre |
US9616166B2 (en) | 2004-11-16 | 2017-04-11 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | Systems and methods of determining injection protocols for diagnostic imaging procedures |
US10166326B2 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2019-01-01 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | Devices, systems and methods for determining parameters of one or more phases of an injection procedure |
US9238099B2 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2016-01-19 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | System and apparatus for modeling pressures generated during an injection procedure |
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US8340744B2 (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2012-12-25 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | System, apparatus, and method for reproducible and comparable flow acquisitions |
US9302044B2 (en) | 2006-12-29 | 2016-04-05 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | Patient-based parameter generation systems for medical injection procedures |
US10463782B2 (en) | 2006-12-29 | 2019-11-05 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | Patient-based parameter generation systems for medical injection procedures |
US9008759B2 (en) | 2007-07-17 | 2015-04-14 | Bayer Medical Care Inc. | Devices and systems for determination of parameters for a procedure, for estimation of cardiopulmonary function and for fluid delivery |
US9421330B2 (en) | 2008-11-03 | 2016-08-23 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | Mitigation of contrast-induced nephropathy |
US9959389B2 (en) | 2010-06-24 | 2018-05-01 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | Modeling of pharmaceutical propagation and parameter generation for injection protocols |
US11191501B2 (en) | 2012-05-14 | 2021-12-07 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | Systems and methods for determination of pharmaceutical fluid injection protocols based on x-ray tube voltage |
US9949704B2 (en) | 2012-05-14 | 2018-04-24 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | Systems and methods for determination of pharmaceutical fluid injection protocols based on x-ray tube voltage |
US11278853B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2022-03-22 | Bayer Healthcare Llc | Method for controlling fluid accuracy and backflow compensation |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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GB9415914D0 (en) | 1994-09-28 |
GB2278526A (en) | 1994-11-30 |
EP0625885A1 (fr) | 1994-11-30 |
GB9203132D0 (en) | 1992-04-01 |
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