WO1993008344A1

WO1993008344A1 - Prefabricated wall element

Info

Publication number: WO1993008344A1
Application number: PCT/DE1992/000852
Authority: WO
Inventors: Franz Stommel
Original assignee: Franz Stommel
Priority date: 1991-10-14
Filing date: 1992-10-11
Publication date: 1993-04-29
Also published as: DE4201659C2; DE4201659A1; DE9112768U1

Abstract

The prefabricated wall element described is made of solid wood and has solid wooden rectangular-section uprights with different thicknesses (1 and 2) and extending alternatively at right angles to a base framework (10) and a parallel top framework (13). The thicker uprights (1) have longitudinal grooves (3) on two opposite sides, the width of the grooves being the same as the thickness of the thinner uprights (2). The thinner uprights (2) fit into the longitudinal grooves (3) in the adjacent uprights (1) on each side. Also described is a double-wall element. Use of the wall element described simplifies construction using solid wood.

Description

Prefabricated wall element

The invention relates to a prefabricated wall element made of solid wood, in particular for house construction.

Solid wood houses are mostly built on the construction site from individual beams, which is relatively wage-intensive. The well-known log houses consisting of horizontal beams. The shrinkage of the wood is perceptible in the order of 3 to 4 cm per storey, which can lead to considerable difficulties in the construction of residential houses.

The invention is based on the object of simplifying the construction of solid wood houses and thus reducing the costs for building the house. In addition, the difficulties encountered in solid wood house construction due to the shrinkage of the wood are to be overcome or at least reduced to such an extent that practically no defects in the solid wood house arise as a result of the shrinkage. Further advantages of the invention result from the following description.

The object is achieved according to the invention by a prefabricated wall element made of solid wood, which is characterized in that it has square solid wood of greater and lesser thickness alternating between a foot frame and a parallel head frame perpendicular to the frame, the square wood being larger Thickness on two opposite sides have longitudinal grooves, the width of which is equal to the thickness of the square timber of reduced thickness, and that the square timber of reduced thickness

REPLACEMENT LEAF are inserted with two opposite sides in the longitudinal grooves of the adjacent square timbers. The new wall element is prefabricated in the factory, resulting in a considerable saving in labor costs compared to the construction from wood on the construction site. Due to the arrangement of the wall-forming square timbers in the vertical direction, the shrinkage occurring over time in this direction is tolerably small and in any case less than 1.0 cm per storey height. The shrinkage in the horizontal direction is absorbed by the inventive construction of the wall element within the element and causes neither sealing problems nor static problems.

The object is also achieved according to the invention by a prefabricated two-shell wall element made of solid wood, which is characterized in that two parallel wall shells are mounted on a foot frame perpendicular to the latter, which are held and connected at a distance by connectors, and alternately changing each wall Has solid square timber of greater and lesser thickness, the square timber of greater thickness has longitudinal grooves on two opposite sides, the width of which is equal to the thickness of the square timber of lesser thickness, and the square timber of lesser thickness with two opposite sides into it Longitudinal grooves of the neighboring square timbers are inserted. Although double-skin external walls can be assembled on the construction site from the single-skin wall elements mentioned above, a further saving in work on the construction site can be achieved by the prefabricated double-skin wall element, in which the two shells are formed by the foot frame and one or more longitudinal connectors between the two shells are connected. The two shells are otherwise designed in the same way as in the single-shell wall element (although the head frame is preferably missing).

In the preferred embodiment of the wall element, the sides of the square timbers inserted into the longitudinal grooves in turn have at least one longitudinal groove which is sealed with a sealing

REPLACEMENT ATT fabric is filled. This seal ensures the seal between the square timbers of greater and lesser thickness when the wood is shrinking and air gaps are created between the timbers in the longitudinal grooves. A suitable sealing material is an expandable foam, for example a polyurethane foam, such as is used in house construction for sealing purposes.

The wall element or at least one of the shells of the double-shell wall element is expediently clad on at least one side with a stiffening plate. This stabilizes the wall element against shear stresses that act in the plane of the wall element. A suitable stiffening plate is, for example, a gypsum fiber board (Fermacell), which can also serve as a plaster base, for example.

According to the preferred embodiment of the wall element according to the invention, the square timbers of greater thickness are circumferentially grooved and springs are formed on the sides of the foot and head frame facing the square timbers which engage with the grooves on the top surfaces of the square timbers. Each square timber of greater thickness is thus engaged on two opposite longitudinal sides with square timber of smaller thickness and on the two head sides with the two frames. To assemble the wall element, square timber of greater and lesser thickness is alternately placed on the foot frame and joined together. Finally, in the single-shell element, the head frame is placed on the upper free ends of the square timbers and connected to the woods to form a rigid wall element. A sealing groove with sealing material can also be provided on the springs of the frame, so that the joints between the frame and the head sides of the square timbers are also sealed.

In a further embodiment, the single-walled wall element is connected by connectors at a distance to an identical wall element to form a double-walled wall element. The created

SPARE BLADE dete double-walled wall element or double wall element is particularly suitable for exterior walls and is characterized by good thermal and acoustic insulation.

The connectors of the two-shell wall elements, both those prefabricated in the factory with a foot frame and those on the construction site consisting of two single-shell wall elements with two separate foot frames, are expediently horizontal, i.e. Squares running parallel to the frame, several of which are arranged at a distance from one another in the space between the two wall elements.

The free space between the two shells is preferably filled with an insulating material, preferably rock wool. The insulation values are good, k-value = 0.30, and the solid double-wall design provides good sound insulation.

The square timbers expediently have a rectangular cross section and the longitudinal grooves are formed on the narrow sides of the square timbers.

The foot frame is preferably mitred at the end of the wall element forming a corner in the region of the inner shell. The foot frames do not go through to the corner, but they hit a corner post that stands on the foundation / concrete ceiling or the like and goes under the foot purlin. This design of the foot frames also results in an air or insulation layer between the shells in the area of the corner.

The wall element made of solid wood according to the invention is breathable and ensures a good indoor climate in the house. The rational production in the factory not only results in cost savings, but the wood is also less exposed to the weather, so that the houses remain in the same bend good quality can be created. With the wall element according to the invention, houses can be built in shell construction within 2 days. Finally, the solid wood wall element according to the invention can be combined with stone walls and wall elements in a frame construction. Partial external clinker or plastered walls are also possible.

The invention is described below with reference to the drawing. Show it

Figure 1 shows the cross section of a first embodiment of the wall element according to the invention;

Figure 2 shows the cross section of a second embodiment of the wall element according to the invention;

3 shows the cross section of a corner of wall elements according to Figure 2;

Figure 4 shows the lower region of a section along the line IV-IV of Figure 2;

FIG. 5 shows the front view of the two-shell wall element shown in FIG. 2, the front shell being partially broken away;

Figure 6 shows the cross section of a corner of two double-walled wall elements; and

7 shows the lower region of a section along the line VII-VII of FIG. 6.

FIG. 1 shows the single-shell embodiment of the wall element according to the invention, which consists of square solid wood 1 of greater thickness and square solid wood 2 of less Thickness is assembled. For this purpose, the square timbers 1 have longitudinal grooves 3 on their narrow sides, the width of which is substantially equal to the thickness of the square timbers 2, so that their narrow sides can be inserted into the longitudinal grooves 3. Small longitudinal grooves 4 are formed in the narrow sides of the square timbers 2 and are filled with a sealing material 5, for example an elastic expanded foam. If the wall element works as a result of moisture absorption and release, there are 3 air gaps at the bottom of the longitudinal grooves, which are, however, sealed by the seals 4, 5. The square timbers 1 have the dimensions 140 mm x 92 mm in cross-section, and the square timbers 2 have, for example, the cross-sectional dimensions 90 mm x 60 mm. In the built-in wall element, the square timbers 1, 2 are vertical, ie FIG. 1 represents a horizontal section.

FIG. 2 shows a two-shell embodiment of the wall element according to the invention, consisting of a front shell 1-5 and a rear shell 1-5, which are identical to one another and also the same as the element according to FIG. A gypsum fibreboard 6 is attached to the inside on the rear shell for stiffening. The remaining gap between the two shells is filled with an insulating material 7, in particular with rock wool.

FIG. 3 shows the formation of an outer wall corner from single-shell wall elements. Two elements forming the inner shell are connected by the metal bracket 8 after installation. The corner is then clad with insulation material 7. A corner post 9 is then set up, which is connected via the square timbers 2 to the wall elements forming the outer shell.

It can be seen from the section in FIG. 4 that the square timbers 1 are also provided with a groove 3 on their lower attachment surfaces. The square timbers 1,2 stand on the Foot frames 10, which have a tongue 10 on the top, which engages in the groove 3. On the top of the spring 10, corresponding to the grooves 4 in the square timbers 2, a sealing groove 12 is also provided, which is filled with sealing material. The two shells are also connected by a plurality of connectors 11 in the form of squared timbers, which are spaced apart from one another between the wall elements over their height and only one of which is visible in FIG.

Figure 5 shows the front view of the wall composed of two single-walled wall elements. Square solid wood 1 of greater thickness and square solid wood 2 of reduced thickness are alternately joined between the foot frame 10 and the head frame 13 to form a wall shell. Two such shells are connected by squared timbers 11, of which only two are shown in FIG. 5 for reasons of simplicity.

FIGS. 6 and 7 correspond to FIGS. 3 and 4, but the two shells of the double-shell wall are placed on a common foot frame 10. In Figure 6, the insulation between the shells and the connector 11 are not shown. The outline of the foot frame 10 is shown in dashed lines. It can be seen that the foot frames 10 are cut to miter 10 at the ends forming the corner in the area of the inner shell and abut there. In addition, the foot frames 10 abut the corner post 9, which stands on the foundation 14, the concrete ceiling or another supporting substructure and extends below the foot purlin. The load of the upper floor is therefore directly via the corner posts, i.e. essentially separated from the walls on the foot frames, transferred to the foundation and the like. The corner post 9 is clad on the outside for aesthetic reasons and for sealing purposes with cladding members 9.

The solid wood wall element according to the invention has essential

REPLACEMENT LEAF Benefits. A house built from these elements is breathable, moisture-regulating and ensures a good indoor climate. The dried wood is not exposed to the weather when the wall elements are manufactured in the factory and guarantees good, consistent quality. The rational production in the plant results in cost savings compared to the assembly on the construction site, so that a shell construction position is possible within 2 days. Double-shell construction results in very good insulation values. Due to the vertical solid wood, the shrinkage in the vertical direction is negligible. Working in the horizontal direction is started within the element without affecting the tightness. The wall element can be combined with stone walls or wall elements in a frame construction. It can also be partially clinkered or plastered. Of course, the wall elements can contain windows and / or doors.

Claims

1. Prefabricated wall element made of solid wood, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that between a foot frame (10) and a parallel head frame (13) perpendicular to the frames alternating square solid wood of greater and lesser thickness (1 and 2 ), the square timbers (1) of greater thickness on two opposite sides have longitudinal grooves (3), the width of which is equal to the thickness of the square timbers (2) of smaller thickness, and that the square timbers (2) of smaller thickness with two mutually opposite overlying sides are inserted into the longitudinal grooves (3) of the adjacent square timbers (1).

2. Prefabricated double-walled wall element made of solid wood, characterized in that on a foot frame (10) perpendicular to this two parallel wall shells are attached, which are kept at a distance by connectors (7) and connected, and each wall shell alternately square solid wood of larger and of smaller thickness (1 or 2.), the square timbers (1) of greater thickness have longitudinal grooves (3) on two opposite sides, the width of which is equal to the thickness of the square timbers (2) of smaller thickness, and the square timbers (2nd ) of reduced thickness with two opposite sides are inserted into the longitudinal grooves (3) of the adjacent square timbers (1).

3. Wall element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sides of the square wood (2) inserted into the longitudinal grooves (3) in turn have at least one longitudinal groove (4) which is filled with a sealing material (5).

4. Wall element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wall element or one of its shells is clad at least on one side with a stiffening plate (6).

5. Wall element according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the square timbers (1) of greater thickness are circumferentially grooved and on the sides of the frame (10 or 13) facing the square timbers (1,2) Springs (10) are formed which engage with the grooves (3) on the top surfaces of the square timbers (1).

6. Wall element according to claim 1, characterized in that it is connected by a connector (11) at a distance to the same wall element to form a double-walled wall element.

7. Wall element according to claim 2 to 6, characterized in that the connectors (II) are horizontally extending squared timbers.

8. Wall element according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the free space between the two shells with an insulating material (7), preferably rock wool, is filled.

9. Wall element according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the _t square timbers (1,2) have a rectangular cross-section and the longitudinal grooves (3 and 4) are formed on the narrow sides of the square timbers (1 and 2).

10. Wall element according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the foot frame (10) is cut at the end of the wall element forming a corner in the area of the inner shell with a miter (10).