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• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K14/005—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from viruses
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
  • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N2740/00—Reverse transcribing RNA viruses
  • C12N2740/00011—Details
  • C12N2740/10011—Retroviridae
  • C12N2740/16011—Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV
  • C12N2740/16022—New viral proteins or individual genes, new structural or functional aspects of known viral proteins or genes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N2740/00—Reverse transcribing RNA viruses
  • C12N2740/00011—Details
  • C12N2740/10011—Retroviridae
  • C12N2740/16011—Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV
  • C12N2740/16111—Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV concerning HIV env
  • C12N2740/16122—New viral proteins or individual genes, new structural or functional aspects of known viral proteins or genes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N2740/00—Reverse transcribing RNA viruses
  • C12N2740/00011—Details
  • C12N2740/10011—Retroviridae
  • C12N2740/16011—Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV
  • C12N2740/16311—Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV concerning HIV regulatory proteins
  • C12N2740/16322—New viral proteins or individual genes, new structural or functional aspects of known viral proteins or genes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
  • Y10S435/974—Aids related test

Definitions

• the invention relates to vaccines for protection against HIV virus infections, a process for their preparation and their use.
• Previous antiviral drugs which are also said to have an action against HIV viruses, have the disadvantage that they have a mostly low antiviral spectrum of action, which is associated with a relatively high toxicity. Many of these substances act against a viral thyin kinase or a viral polymerase. However, resistance to the infecting virus has already been observed during therapy with many of these substances.
• Foscarnet belongs to the group of substances that have been found to have an effect against HIV viruses. This substance acts as an inhibitor of viral reverse transcriptase, but because of its toxicity determined in clinical trials it is not suitable for the prophylaxis or therapy of retrovirus infections (B. öberg, "Antiviral effects of phosphonoformate (PFA, Foscarnet Sodium ) ' 1 , Pharm. Ther. 19 (1983) p. 387-415.
• Another inhibitor of reverse transcriptase is suramin.
• It due to its toxicity to the mammalian organism, it is also not suitable for the prophylaxis or therapy of HIV viral infections (H. Mitsuya et al. "Suramin Protection of T-Cells in vitro against Infectivity and Cytopathic Effect of HTLV-III", Science 226 (1984), p. 172-174).
• the further development then led to inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, which are less toxic to the mammalian organism.
• These include substances such as dextran sulfate and pentosan polysulfate, which have been shown to have an inhibitory effect on HIV I viruses in vivo. This is described in the published documents DE 3 601 136 and EP 0 293 826.
• Gene therapy comprises introducing parts of viral nucleic acids into human cells, in particular into the target cells of the HIV virus, for example the CD4 positive cells of the immune system.
• an "antisense" RNA i.e. an RNA complementary to the messenger RNA (m-RNA)
• m-RNA messenger RNA
• the viral m-RNA can then be neutralized, thus preventing the virus from multiplying.
• oligonucleotides or structures chemically related to them that are complementary to m-RNA can also be used directly.
• antigens are given after infection, which are expected to support the immune response against HIV.
• a vaccination should and must record all possible virus variants.
• One way to do this is by comparing as many and evolutionarily distant HIV virus variants as possible, conserved areas in the viral antigens to be determined, which can then cause the formation of protective antibodies in humans as peptides.
• the peptides can be used in another organism to form antibodies, so that the antibodies are given directly to humans as protection.
• an effective vaccine must also detect peptides that come from very divergent strains.
• HIV-1 and HIV-2 Two virus types, HIV-1 and HIV-2, could be isolated from patients with immunodeficiency AIDS (Barre-Sinoussi et al., Science 220, 868-871; Clavel et al., Science 233, 343-346, 1986). Both are retroviruses from the subfamily of lentiviruses with tropism for CD4-positive cells.
• HIV-2 differs from HIV-1 in several ways: first, the antigens differ in size and in their epitopes. This is the reason why HIV-2 viruses are only very weakly recognized by HIV-1 serological tests. Second, the genetic structure of HIV-2 is also slightly different in that HIV-1 has the vpu gene and HIV-2 has the vpx gene.
• the two types of virus differ in their nucleotide sequences; the homology between HIV-1 and HIV-2 is only 55-60%, while the homology between independently isolated HIV-1 strains is 87-94% and that between different HIV-2 strains is 87-90%.
• the main distribution area of both types of virus is different in Africa: HIV-1 is endemic in Central Africa, while HIV-2 is mainly found in West Africa.
• HIV-1 and HIV-2 are more closely related to certain monkey immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) than to each other.
• SIV monkey immunodeficiency viruses
• the closest relative of HIV-1 is the chimpanzee virus, SIV (Huet et al., Nature 345, 356-359, 1990) with approximately 75% homology, while the macaque virus, SIV (Franchini et al., Nature 328, 539-543, 1987), and from
• HIV-2 D2Q5 also called HIV A __
• HIV A ___ HIV-2 D2Q5
• the virus isolate HIV-2_ 2Q5 was deposited in accordance with the Budapest Treaty under number ECACC V 87 122 304 on December 23, 1987 at the European Collection of Animal Cell Cultures (ECACC), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, Great Britain SP40JG. The RNA and the DNAs derived from it as well as the proteins of the virus isolates are also described.
• the virus HIV-2 D _ 05 defines an alternate subtype of HIV * "2 / SIV / SIV virus group. This virus is from an asymptomatic HIV-positive HIV-2 Ghanesin D2 0 5 re 9i erte strong in HIV-2 test. many viral antigenes, however, had different size. However, the determination of the nucleotide sequence showed that it is in HIV-2 D 205 to e ⁇ nen hoc divergent strain found.
• HIV-2 D2Q5 the Homo ⁇ logy between HIV-2 D2Q5 and the already sequenced HIV -2 strains (ROD: Guyader et al., Nature 326, -662-669, 1987; NIHZ: Zagury et al., PNAS 85, 5941-5945, 1988; ISY: Franchini et al., PNAS 86, 2433-2437 , 1989; D194: Kühnel et al., PNAS 86, 2383-2387, 1989) is only about 76%, so HIV-2 D _ 05 is genetically exactly between these HIV-2 strains (referred to here as the ROD type) and the monkey viruses
• viruses HIV 2_ be considered in the development of vaccines, therapeutics or diagnostic nostika 20 _ as.
• Vaccines must protect against all variants of the infectious agent. If the vaccine is derived from constant regions of a phylogenetically old virus, it can be expected that it will cover a very broad spectrum of variants. The same applies to peptides, antibodies, nucleic acids or other substances derived from the nucleotide sequences, which are used as gene or immunotherapeutics against HIV. Diagnostics which are to distinguish between viruses of the ROD type and the D205 type must, however, be derived from those sequence regions which lead to antigens which are as different as possible.
• HIV-2 D _ 0 _ there is a virus such as HIV-2 D _ 0 _ that is phylogenetically between the HIV-2 and the monkey viruses SIVmac /
• HIV-2 D2Q5 is by far the most similar immunodeficiency virus to these monkey viruses, which has been isolated from a human and could therefore behave similarly to a monkey virus in monkeys and possibly also induce disease.
• HIV-2 D2Q5 is genetically equally far from the previously described HIV-2 strains and the monkey viruses SIVma "c and SIVsm.
• HIV-2 D205 could be particularly suitable for establishing an animal model due to its close relationship to the monkey viruses.
• HIV-2 D205 is transferred to suitable primates (eg rhesus monkeys) and the establishment of the infection and, if appropriate, the occurrence of symptoms are observed.
• suitable primates eg rhesus monkeys
• Establishing an animal model with HIV-2 D2Q5 as a virus also allows testing of the vaccines, gene therapeutics or immunotherapeutics produced.
• the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a vaccine for protection against HIV virus infections which has the broadest possible spectrum of action against different types of the HIV-2 / SIV group and the establishment of an animal model necessary for the development of the vaccine enables.
• This object is achieved in that the vaccines are produced from the HIV-2 D2Q5 virus.
• a preferred embodiment is a vaccine which is suitable for therapeutic use before infection.
• a further preferred embodiment is that the vaccine is suitable as an immunotherapeutic for use after infection and also covers a wide range of variants.
• the vaccine consists of the peptides
• HIV-2 D205 and the use of the virus HIV-2_ 2 _ for the manufacture of a vaccine is the subject of the invention.
• the virus is transferred to a suitable host animal and multiplied there. After appropriate processing, as is also known in the prior art for other vaccines, the antibodies formed are then used as passive vaccines against - 8th -
• Suitable host animals can be, in particular, suitable species of monkey, but also animals that can be immunized without becoming ill (e.g. rabbits) (Filice et al., Nature 335, 366-369, 1988).
• a suitable vector DNA of which an RNA complementary to the viral mRNA can be transcribed completely or partially, is transfected into human cells of the immune system and thus brought into humans.
• the viral m-RNA is thus competitively excluded from the further multiplication cycle.
• synthetic oligonucleotides can be used to neutralize the viral m-RNA.
• Selected areas of the DNA of HIV-2 D2Q5 are used for differential diagnosis, which either do not occur at all in the prototype HIV-2 RQD or deviate considerably (more than 30%). From these areas, peptides or nucleic acids for diagnostics are produced according to the usual methods (labeling with radioactive isotopes, immunofluorescence test, ELISA, etc.).
• One area that is unique to HIV-2_ 2Q _ is e.g. B. a 54 base pairs (bp) insertion in the overlap area of the two open reading frames gag and pol with the sequence
• the clone contains 7817 base pairs (bp) of a provisional genome starting from the left long terminal repeat (LTR).
• LTR left long terminal repeat
• polystyrene for integration and replication (protease, reverse transcriptase, integrase), the infectivity factor "vif", the gene “vpx” typical for HIV-2 and the monkey viruses SIVmac and SIVsm, the gene responsible for rapid growth “vpr” and the first two exons of the positive regulator genes “tat” and “rev”.
• the area coding for the outer coat protein is 4/5 in the clone, the sequence of the negatively regulating factor "nef" in half insofar as it overlaps with the right LTR and the left and right LTR are identical.
• the sequence was compared with the previously known HIV and SIV sequences (see Table 1). Surprisingly, it was found that the nucleotide homology of the entire clone HIV-2 D20_ to the already known HIV-2 sequences is only 76.2-76.8%, while the homology of the other HIV-2 sequences is 87, 0 - 89.3% is far larger.
• the homology to SIV and SIV is 76.4 and 75.0%, ie HIV-2 D2Q5 is as far away from these two monkey virus sequences as from HIV-2.
• the homology to SIV A, .v -__., L and HIV-1 is in the same range as for the other HIV-2 isolates. - 10 -
• HIV - 2 D205 ' HIV' 2 ROD ' SIV sm and SIV mac showed that the variability in the nucleotide range from 4.6% (for R) to 35.9% (for rev exon 1) and in the amino acid range
• HIV-2 D2 -_ was 33% different from that of HIV- 2 R 0 D ' but had the same pattern of conserved and variable areas as the other HIV-2 and SIV, see. w / s ⁇ ma, "c
• the precursor of the coat protein in HIV-2 D2Q5 in the G Geeggeennssaattzz zuzu ddeenn aannddeerreenn HHIV-2 and SIV / SIV strains forms no di er (see Figure 3).
• the dimer formation that should be necessary for the correct processing of the coat protein precursors of this virus group, in contrast to the HIV-1 viruses, is either a relatively new development within the HIV-2 / SIV / SIV group or HIV-2 D2Q5 represents one independent virus type. For the latter point, the classification of HIV-2 D2Q5 within the phylogenetic family tree of the HIV / SIV viruses speaks (FIG. 4).
• the family tree is based on the nucleotide variation in the 3 'part of the HIV-2 r J .___ r ur c >. This shows that the HIV-2 D205 differs by 24.8% from the HIV-2 prototype HIV-2 R0D and by 26.1% or
• HIV-205 2_ virus is HIV-2 / associated with a common precursor of the types SIV / SIV with a divergence of 8.6%.
• the name HIV-2 ALT is therefore proposed for HIV-2 D2Q5 .
• HIV-2 D2Q5 comes from an asymptomatic person, has no cytopathic effect on lymphocytes and is a relatively old virus. This virus could therefore be a non-pathogenic subtype from the HIV-2 group.
• the virus HIV-2 D205 is therefore also suitable for the production of gene, immunotherapeutic and diagnostic agents.
• the amino acid sequences of the proteins of HIV-2 D205 with the amino acid consensus sequences, which were derived for the individual genes from all previously published HIV-2 and SIV / SIV sequences, the resulting env region 6 conserved areas with at least 9 100% conserved amino acids, for gag 11 areas with at least 13 100% conserved amino acids (FIG. 5).
• Peptides from these areas are particularly suitable for a vaccine with a broad spectrum of activity, especially if the vaccine still consists of a combination of these peptides. These are the following peptides:
• peptides are produced synthetically and chemically modified if advantageous. These peptides as well as shorter up to 7 amino acid long sub-peptides thereof are part of this invention as well as their modified forms. Furthermore, peptides from constant regions of other genes of HIV-2 D2Q5 are also part of this invention, provided that the deviation from the consensus sequence is not more than 20%.
• the very different protein ranges (such as rev (aa 2-11), vif (aa 186-202), env (aa 2-23; 118-204;, etc.) are suitable for vaccine production - 13 -
• peptides or nucleic acids that are as different as possible from the prototype HIV-2 R0 _ come into question.
• these are found particularly in the genes rev and vif.
• HIV- 2 D2 05 k Due to the close relationship to the monkey viruses and based on the principle that vaccines from parent stocks can develop a broader protective effect, HIV- 2 D2 05 k is particularly suitable for the production of vaccines for protection against HIV infections.
• This virus can be propagated in the monkey as a suitable host, and the resulting antibodies can be used as vaccines for use in humans. The vaccine thus protects against the infection of the broadest possible range of virus variants.
• Table 1 shows the nucleotide sequence homology between
• Table 2 shows the sequences of the genetic elements of the nucleotide and amino acid region obtained.
• Figure 1 shows the analysis of the deduced amino-acid sequence of the ORF-Y (open reading fra e) of positions 1851 to 1651 in the lower region of the HIV-2 2_ _ 5 sequence.
• a) shows the amino acid alignment of the putative proteins of ORF-Y of various HIV-2 strands 3 e, SIVsm and SIVma._c.
• b) shows the profiles of the deduced proteins of the ORF-Y of HIV-2 D2Q5 using the Mikrogeni .eTM analysis program from Beckmann.
• FIG. 2 shows the amino acid sequence of the external glycoproteins of the viruses of the HIV-2 / 'SIVsm / SIVmac "group.
• the sequenced clone HIV-2 D2Q5 contained only 75% of the external one
• Glycoproteins The potential N-glyosylation sites are underlined. The gysteine sites obtained are marked with an asterisk.
• FIG. 3 shows a size comparison of the external glycoproteins of the HIV-2 RQD with those of the HIV-2 D205 .
• Proteins from cells enriched with 35S cysteine were infected with HIV- 2 R O D (columns 1 and 2) and HIV-2 D2 £) 5 (columns 3 and 4), immunoprecipitated with HIV-2 positive serum and with an 8.5% SDS polyacrylamide gel separated.
• the external glycoprotein of HIV-2 RQD (gp 125) and its precursor (gp 140), the dimeric form of gp 140 (gp 300) and the positions of the molecular sizes are given in dalton.
• the band characterizing a dimer cannot be recognized.
• FIG. 4 shows the evolutionary tree of minimal length, which shows the connection of the HIV- 2_2Q5 with the other HIV / SI subtypes.
• the pedigree was generated by single base substitutions in the 3'-region of the HIV-2_ 205 - sequence of using PAUP (Smith, TF et al, Nature 333, 573 -. 575 (1988)) and the version 3.21 of the PHYLIP bootstrapping algorithm.
• FIG. 5 shows the amino acid sequences, derived from the individual genes of the HIV-2 D2Q5 , 7 or HIV-2 RQD sequence, was compared with the amino acid consensus sequences which consist of all already sequenced HIV-2 and SIVma ⁇ c "/ SIV" s "m sequences were derived.
• the amino acids of HIV-2 D205 , 7 (5 a) and HIV-2 R0 _ (5 b) deviating from the consensus sequence were used to determine what percentage is identical to the HIV-2 consensus sequence (black bars) , which is identical to the SIV / SIV consensus sequence (gray bars) and what percentage corresponds to new amino acids (light bars).

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• 1989
  • 1989-10-14 DE DE3934366A patent/DE3934366A1/de active Granted
• 1990
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