WO1990002560A1 - Swine growth promotion - Google Patents
Swine growth promotion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1990002560A1 WO1990002560A1 PCT/US1989/003869 US8903869W WO9002560A1 WO 1990002560 A1 WO1990002560 A1 WO 1990002560A1 US 8903869 W US8903869 W US 8903869W WO 9002560 A1 WO9002560 A1 WO 9002560A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- lysine
- swine
- porcine somatotropin
- administered
- pst
- Prior art date
Links
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- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
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- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-arginine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCN=C(N)N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/22—Hormones
- A61K38/27—Growth hormone [GH], i.e. somatotropin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/168—Steroids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/184—Hormones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S426/00—Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
- Y10S426/807—Poultry or ruminant feed
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to methods for promoting growth in swine and particularly to a method for using porcine somatotropin in combination with a high level of dietary lysine to synergistically promote growth, improve weight gain and increase feed utilization efficiency in swine.
- Somatotropin (ST), sometimes referred to as Growth Hormone (GH) in the art, is normally produced by the pituitary throughout an animals life, although apparently in higher amounts during the pre-adult period. ST is known to promote skeletal growth, nitrogen retention, protein synthesis and to affect glucose and lipid metabolism. Accordingly, ST is recognized as a general anabolic agent.
- GH Growth Hormone
- ST can be isolated from excised pituitary tissue. See, e.g., C.H. Li, J. Biol. Chem. 211, 55 (1954). ST can also be obtained from genetically engineered microorganisms containing recombinant DNA which specifies the production of ST. See, e.g., P.H.
- Porcine Somatotropin also referred to in the art as Porcine Growth Hormone (pGH) is a polypeptide synthesized in and secreted from the anterior lobe of the pituitary.
- the preparation of pST is well known in the art.
- U.S. Patent No. 3,201,382 discloses a process.for isolating animal somatotropins such as pST from excised pituitary tissue.
- European Patent Application No. 83305717.7, filed September 26, 1983, with Publication Number 104,920 discloses DNA sequences, recombinant DNA molecules and transformed host suitable for producing pST and European Patent Application No. 83306730.9 filed April 11, 1983, with Publication Number 111,389 discloses DNA sequences and transformed hosts for producing pST.
- Lysine is an essential amino acid required for normal animal growth and development. Lysine is present in varying amounts in an animal's diet. However, particularly in animal husbandry, supplementary lysine must be added to an animal's diet to insure proper nutrition. In addition, high dietary lysine has been used in the art to promote growth, improve weight gain and increase feed utilization efficiency.
- U.S. Patent No. 3,868,467 issued to Olson discloses a feed composition comprising high lysine corn to enhance rapid growth of young pigs. The composition also can comprise a further addition of lysine as a separate additive, wherein the lysine comprises up to 0.25% of the total weight of the composition.
- an object of the present invention to provide a method for promoting growth, improving weight gain and increasing feed utilization efficiency in swine.
- porcine somatotropin (pST) and high dietary lysine in combination to synergistically promote growth, improve weight gain and increase feed utilization efficiency in swine.
- Administration of the compounds is conveniently accomplished by (1) administering porcine somatotropin (pST) to swine using conventional methods such as injections or implants and (2) feeding the swine a diet containing lysine in amounts sufficient to, in combination with pST, synergistically promote growth, improve weight gain and increase feed utilization efficiency.
- pST is administered to the swine in dosages of from about 1-20 mg/swine/day, preferably 3-6 mg/swine/day, and lysine is fed to the swine in amounts of from about 0.9-1.6% by weight dietary lysine, preferably from about 1.1-1.4%, to synergistically promote growth, improve weight gain and increase feed utilization efficiency in the swine.
- Figure 1 shows the percent improvement in weight gain and feed utilization efficiency due to the administration of pST and high dietary lysine in combination as compared to pST and lower dietary lysine.
- high dietary lysine as used herein means diets containing lysine at about 0.9% by weight or higher.
- porcine somatotropin (pST) and high dietary lysine are administered in combination to swine to synergistically promote growth, improve weight gain and increase feed utilization efficiency in the swine.
- pST can be obtained from any suitable source. Methods for producing, isolating and purifying native and recombinant pST are well known in the field.
- pST as used herein includes all proteins having pST activity including natural, recombinant, and mutein proteins having deleted, replaced, or altered amino acid sequences and biologically active fragments thereo .
- pST is typically administered to the swine in dosages of from abc r 1-20 mg/swine/day, preferably from about 3-6 mg/swine/day.
- pST according to the present invention can be administered to the swine in any acceptable manner including by injection, using an implant, and the like. Injections and implants are preferred because they permit precise control of the timing and dosage levels used for administration.
- pST according to the present invention is preferably administered parenterally.
- parenteral administration means by intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intraperitoneal injection, or by subcutaneous implant.
- pST according to the present invention can be administered to the swine in an injectable formulation containing any biocompatible and pST compatible carrier such as various vehicles, adjuvants, additives, and diluents.
- pST according to the present invention is added to the carrier in amounts sufficient to supply from about 1-20 mg/swine to the.swine when injected.
- pST according to the present invention is added to a buffer containing about 0.4-0.5 M arginine hydrochloride in amounts sufficient to supply from about 3-6 mg/swine.
- Aqueous vehicles such as water having no nonvolatile pyrogens, sterile water, and bacteriostatic water are also suitable to form injectable pST solutions.
- injectable pST solutions include isotonic injection compositions that can be sterilized such as sodium chloride, Ringer's, dextrose, dextrose and sodium chloride, and lactated Ringer's.
- water-miscible solvents such as methanol, ethanol, or propylene glycol generally increases solubility and stability of pST in these vehicles.
- Nonaqueous vehicles such as cottonseed oil, sesame oil, or peanut oil and esters such as isopropyl myristate may also be used as solvent systems for pST compositions.
- pST is administered in a buffer containing about 0.4-0.5 M arginine hydrochloride.
- pST according to the- present invention can be administered to the swine in the form of a slow-release subcutaneous implant which is inserted beneath the skin of the swine.
- the implant can take the form of a pellet which slowly dissolves after being implanted in the swine or a biocompatible and swine compatible delivery module well known to those skilled in the art. Such well known dosage forms are designed such that the active ingredients are slowly released over a period of several days to several weeks.
- the implant is designed to deliver from about 1-20 mg/swine/day, preferably from about 3-6 mg/swine/day.
- Lysine is an essential amino acid; lysine is required in a swine's diet for normal growth and development. Lysine is present in natural swine foods such as corn and soybeans but often in amounts insufficient to meet the dietary requirements for growing swine.
- a dietary lysine requirement of 0.6% for 50-100 kilogram swine When the diet contains less that the dietary lysine requirement, supplementary lysine is added to the diet. Supplementary lysine can be obtained from any suitable source. Feed grade lysine is available commercially from Biokyowa Inc. , 1400 Elbridge Payne, Chesterfield, MO 63017. Possibly some diets naturally contain lysine in amounts to, in combination with pST, synergistically promote growth, improved weight gain and increased feed utilization efficiency in swine.
- lysine is typically administered to the swine in dosages of from about 0.9-1.6% dietary lysine, preferably from about 1.1-1.4%.
- lysine is admixed with the swine's feed in amounts sufficient to supply the required dosages, typically by preparing a feed composition containing from about 0.9-1.6% lysine, preferably about 1.1-1.4% lysine.
- Lysine according to the present invention can be administered to the swine in any acceptable manner, preferably orally.
- Oral administration includes administering lysine in tablets, suspensions, solutions, emulsions, capsules, powders, syrups, feed compositions, and the like.
- lysine can be blended with ordinary feed compositions.
- lysine is administered to the swine by feeding the swine a feed composition containing lysine in amounts sufficient to, in combination with pST, synergistically promote growth, improve weight gain and increase feed utilization efficiency in swine.
- a feed composition may be prepared containing supplementary lysine and the usual nutritionally-balanced feed containing quantities of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals in accordance with the present invention.
- Some of the usual dietary elements included in feed compositions are grains, such as ground grain and grain byproducts, swine protein substances, such as those found in fish meal and meat scraps, vegetable proteins, like soybean oil meal or peanut oil meal; vitamins and vitamin-containing materials, -e.g., vitamin A and D mixtures, riboflavin supplements and other vitamin B complex members; and bone meal and limestone to provide minerals.
- a type of conventional feed material for use with swine includes corn and soybean meal together with supplementary vitamins, vitamin-containing substances, and minerals if desired.
- An example of a well known feed compositions useful in the present invention include as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,320,116 (basic ingredients for feed compositions for swine, piglets, and other swines) , incorporated herein by reference. Many other such feed compositions are well known to those skilled in the art.
- pST and lysine are administered "in combination" which, as defined herein, includes various schemes designed to administer pST and lysine to swine such that the required synergistic dosages of the compounds are present in the swine at the same time; e.g.
- the present invention also contemplates an article of manufacture in the form of a kit comprising in separate containers in a single package or packages (1) porcine somatotropin (pST) and (2) a lysine supplement suitable for producing a feed composition to be administered in combination with the pST.
- the kit should contain pST in a form suitable for administration to the animal, i.e. an injectable formulation or an implant and should contain lysine in a form suitable for mixing with conventional feeds to produce a diet containing "high dietary lysine.”
- the lysine supplement could also be feed directly to the animal without mixing it with the animal's feed.
- the kit may contain pST in the form of one or more implants or injectable-formulation for periodic administration to the animals at a dosage of from about 1-20 mg/swine/day.
- the kit may also contain a concentrated lysine supplement for mixing or blending with the animal's feed to produce a feed containing the amount of lysine required in the present invention, about 0.9-1.6% by weight dietary lysine.
- pST and lysine according to the present invention are used in combination to synergistically promote growth, improve weight gain and increase feed utilization efficiency in swine.
- Example 1 Seventy-two crossbred barrows were selected for the study on the basis of health and body weight. Pigs were randomly allotted to individual pens and acclimated to the facility approximately two weeks before treatment initiation. During the pre-experimental period all swines received diet 1 depicted in Table 1. Feed and water were offered ad libitum.
- the barrows were divided into eight treatment groups of nine barrows per group and administered pST and lysine as shown in Table 2.
- Samples were collected from each batch of feed used in the study and, at the end of the study, were composited and analyzed for crude protein, lysine, calcium and phosphorus .
- Injectable solutions of pST were prepared in 0.427 M arginine hydrochloride.
- the arginine hydrochloride was aseptically added to the pST to provide the desired pST concentration.
- Placebo solutions consisted of the arginine hydrochloride solution alone. All doses were administered in a total volume of 1 ml. The injections were administered intramuscularly in the dorsal neck region using alternate sides for each subsequent injection. A new sterile injection syringe was used for each dosage concentration. All injections were administered betweer. 0800 and 1000 hours on each injection day. The condition of the administration site was monitored on a daily basis and recorded in the study record.
- Pigs were weighed and feed intake determined at the initiation of the study, periodically during the study, and on day 5£. This data, day 56 feed intake and weight, was used to determine average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed utilization efficiency.
- the experiment was conducted as a 2X4 factorial design with pST dose/frequency and dietary lysine serving as main effects. Pen location served as the blocking factor.
- Initial body weight served as a covariant for production performance data. The results from the experiment are shown in the Table 3. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (SAS, 1985). The results as percent improvement are shown in Figure 1.
- weight gain and feed utilization efficiency were greater when lysine was fed in combination with pST. Average daily gain improved only 1.2% with added dietary lysine in the absence of pST; average daily gain improved 12% with 5 mg pST/day, 7% with 10. g pST/2 days, and 2% with 15 mg pST/3 days. Feed utilization improved by 5% with added dietary lysine in the absence of pST while improvements were 17, 12 and 8% for the 5 mg/day, 10 mg/2 day and 15 mg/3 day pST treatment combinations, respectively. In addition, the improvements in weight gain and feed utilization are not simply additive but were synergistic.
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Abstract
Porcine somatotropin (pST) and dietary lysine are administered in combination in dosages of from about 1-20 mg/swine/day pST and from about 0.9-1.6 % by weight dietary lysine to synergistically promote growth, improve weight gain and increase feed utilization efficiency in swine. Administration of the compounds is conveniently accomplished by (1) administering porcine somatotropin (pST) to swine using conventional methods such as injections or implants and (2) feeding the swine a feed composition containing the lysine.
Description
SWINE GROWTH PROMOTION
This invention relates generally to methods for promoting growth in swine and particularly to a method for using porcine somatotropin in combination with a high level of dietary lysine to synergistically promote growth, improve weight gain and increase feed utilization efficiency in swine.
Background of the Invention Somatotropin (ST), sometimes referred to as Growth Hormone (GH) in the art, is normally produced by the pituitary throughout an animals life, although apparently in higher amounts during the pre-adult period. ST is known to promote skeletal growth, nitrogen retention, protein synthesis and to affect glucose and lipid metabolism. Accordingly, ST is recognized as a general anabolic agent.
Although the mechanism of ST activity is not well understood, it has been demonstrated that the administration of exogenous ST of the same species as the test subject markedly increases the rate of growth, weight gain, and meat production in animals and, for porcine somatotropin, improves the chemical composition of the edible meat. See, E.J. Truman, "Some Effects of Pituitary Anterior Growth Hormone On Swine", Thesis; Purdue University (April 1953).
ST can be isolated from excised pituitary tissue. See, e.g., C.H. Li, J. Biol. Chem. 211, 55 (1954). ST can also be obtained from genetically engineered microorganisms containing recombinant DNA which specifies the production of ST. See, e.g., P.H.
Seeburg, et al., Nature, 276, 795-798 (1978); P.H. Seeburg et al., Nature, 270, 486-494 (1978);-J.A. Martial, Science, 205, 602-607 (1979).
Porcine Somatotropin (pST), also referred to in the art as Porcine Growth Hormone (pGH), is a polypeptide synthesized in and secreted from the anterior lobe of the pituitary. The preparation of pST is well known in the art. For example, U.S. Patent No. 3,201,382 discloses a process.for isolating animal somatotropins such as pST from excised pituitary tissue. European Patent Application No. 83305717.7, filed September 26, 1983, with Publication Number 104,920 discloses DNA sequences, recombinant DNA molecules and transformed host suitable for producing pST and European Patent Application No. 83306730.9 filed April 11, 1983, with Publication Number 111,389 discloses DNA sequences and transformed hosts for producing pST.
Lysine is an essential amino acid required for normal animal growth and development. Lysine is present in varying amounts in an animal's diet. However, particularly in animal husbandry, supplementary lysine must be added to an animal's diet to insure proper nutrition. In addition, high dietary lysine has been used in the art to promote growth, improve weight gain and increase feed utilization efficiency. U.S. Patent No. 3,868,467 issued to Olson discloses a feed composition comprising high lysine corn to enhance rapid growth of
young pigs. The composition also can comprise a further addition of lysine as a separate additive, wherein the lysine comprises up to 0.25% of the total weight of the composition. U.S. Patent No. 4,172,148 issued to Hauck et al discloses the addition of the trichloroethyl ester of lysine to enhance the growth and feed efficiency of ruminants. However, greater gain and improved feed utilization has been observed with diets containing higher concentrations of lysine: See, Baker et al., Lysine Requirement of Growing Pigs at Two Levels of Dietary Protein, 40 J. Anim. Sci. 851 (1975); Brown et al. , Lysine Requirement of the Finishing Pig for Maximum Rate of Gain and Efficiency, 37 J. Anim. Sci. 708 (1973); Kornegay et al., Supplementation of Lysine, Ammonium Polyphosphate and Urea in Diets for Growing-Finishing Pigs, 34 J. Anim. Sci. 55 (1972); Williams et al., The Lysine Requirement of the Growing Boar Versus Barrow, 58 J. Anim. Sci. 657 (1984). Individually, both somatotropin and high dietary lysine are known to promote growth in swine. However, methods for using known growth promotants in combination to synergistically promote growth are needed; synergistic combinations lower the dosages required for the individual agents and therefore reduce the cost of the materials needed to promote growth.
Summary of the Invention It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a method for promoting growth, improving weight gain and increasing feed utilization efficiency in swine.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for synergistically promoting growth,
improving weight gain and increasing feed utilization efficiency in swine.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for reducing the cost of the materials needed to promote growth, improve weight gain and increase feed utilization efficiency in swine.
These and other objects are achieved by administering porcine somatotropin (pST) and high dietary lysine in combination to synergistically promote growth, improve weight gain and increase feed utilization efficiency in swine. Administration of the compounds is conveniently accomplished by (1) administering porcine somatotropin (pST) to swine using conventional methods such as injections or implants and (2) feeding the swine a diet containing lysine in amounts sufficient to, in combination with pST, synergistically promote growth, improve weight gain and increase feed utilization efficiency.
In the preferred embodiment, pST is administered to the swine in dosages of from about 1-20 mg/swine/day, preferably 3-6 mg/swine/day, and lysine is fed to the swine in amounts of from about 0.9-1.6% by weight dietary lysine, preferably from about 1.1-1.4%, to synergistically promote growth, improve weight gain and increase feed utilization efficiency in the swine.
Other objects, advantages, and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Figure 1 shows the percent improvement in weight gain and feed utilization efficiency due to the administration of pST and high dietary lysine in
combination as compared to pST and lower dietary lysine.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The term "high dietary lysine" as used herein means diets containing lysine at about 0.9% by weight or higher.
According to the present invention, porcine somatotropin (pST) and high dietary lysine are administered in combination to swine to synergistically promote growth, improve weight gain and increase feed utilization efficiency in the swine. pST can be obtained from any suitable source. Methods for producing, isolating and purifying native and recombinant pST are well known in the field. pST as used herein includes all proteins having pST activity including natural, recombinant, and mutein proteins having deleted, replaced, or altered amino acid sequences and biologically active fragments thereo . Although the dosages of pST vary according to the age, size, and character of the particular swine, pST is typically administered to the swine in dosages of from abc r 1-20 mg/swine/day, preferably from about 3-6 mg/swine/day. pST according to the present invention can be administered to the swine in any acceptable manner including by injection, using an implant, and the like. Injections and implants are preferred because they permit precise control of the timing and dosage levels used for administration. pST according to the present invention is preferably administered parenterally. As used herein, parenteral administration means by intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or
intraperitoneal injection, or by subcutaneous implant. When administered by injection, pST according to the present invention can be administered to the swine in an injectable formulation containing any biocompatible and pST compatible carrier such as various vehicles, adjuvants, additives, and diluents. pST according to the present invention is added to the carrier in amounts sufficient to supply from about 1-20 mg/swine to the.swine when injected. Preferably, pST according to the present invention is added to a buffer containing about 0.4-0.5 M arginine hydrochloride in amounts sufficient to supply from about 3-6 mg/swine.
Aqueous vehicles such as water having no nonvolatile pyrogens, sterile water, and bacteriostatic water are also suitable to form injectable pST solutions. In addition to these forms of water, several other aqueous vehicles can be used. These include isotonic injection compositions that can be sterilized such as sodium chloride, Ringer's, dextrose, dextrose and sodium chloride, and lactated Ringer's.
Addition of water-miscible solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, or propylene glycol generally increases solubility and stability of pST in these vehicles.
Nonaqueous vehicles such as cottonseed oil, sesame oil, or peanut oil and esters such as isopropyl myristate may also be used as solvent systems for pST compositions.
Additionally, various additives which enhance the stability, sterility, and isotonicity of the composition including antimicrobial preservatives, antioxidants, chelating agents, and buffers can be added. Any vehicle, diluent, or additive used would, however, have to be biocompatible and compatible with pST according to the present invention. Preferably,
pST is administered in a buffer containing about 0.4-0.5 M arginine hydrochloride. pST according to the- present invention can be administered to the swine in the form of a slow-release subcutaneous implant which is inserted beneath the skin of the swine. The implant can take the form of a pellet which slowly dissolves after being implanted in the swine or a biocompatible and swine compatible delivery module well known to those skilled in the art. Such well known dosage forms are designed such that the active ingredients are slowly released over a period of several days to several weeks. The implant is designed to deliver from about 1-20 mg/swine/day, preferably from about 3-6 mg/swine/day. Lysine is an essential amino acid; lysine is required in a swine's diet for normal growth and development. Lysine is present in natural swine foods such as corn and soybeans but often in amounts insufficient to meet the dietary requirements for growing swine. The National Research Council recently (1988) established a dietary lysine requirement of 0.6% for 50-100 kilogram swine. When the diet contains less that the dietary lysine requirement, supplementary lysine is added to the diet. Supplementary lysine can be obtained from any suitable source. Feed grade lysine is available commercially from Biokyowa Inc. , 1400 Elbridge Payne, Chesterfield, MO 63017. Possibly some diets naturally contain lysine in amounts to, in combination with pST, synergistically promote growth, improved weight gain and increased feed utilization efficiency in swine. However, most generally supplementary lysine must be added to the swine's diet to supply the high dietary lysine required to synergistically promote growth in combination with pST.
Although the dosages of lysine vary according to the age, size, and character of the particular swine, lysine is typically administered to the swine in dosages of from about 0.9-1.6% dietary lysine, preferably from about 1.1-1.4%. In the preferred embodiment, lysine is admixed with the swine's feed in amounts sufficient to supply the required dosages, typically by preparing a feed composition containing from about 0.9-1.6% lysine, preferably about 1.1-1.4% lysine.
Lysine according to the present invention can be administered to the swine in any acceptable manner, preferably orally. Oral administration includes administering lysine in tablets, suspensions, solutions, emulsions, capsules, powders, syrups, feed compositions, and the like. For example, lysine can be blended with ordinary feed compositions. In the preferred embodiment, lysine is administered to the swine by feeding the swine a feed composition containing lysine in amounts sufficient to, in combination with pST, synergistically promote growth, improve weight gain and increase feed utilization efficiency in swine.
When lysine is to be administered in feeds, a feed composition may be prepared containing supplementary lysine and the usual nutritionally-balanced feed containing quantities of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals in accordance with the present invention. Some of the usual dietary elements included in feed compositions are grains, such as ground grain and grain byproducts, swine protein substances, such as those found in fish meal and meat scraps, vegetable proteins, like soybean oil meal or peanut oil meal; vitamins and vitamin-containing materials, -e.g.,
vitamin A and D mixtures, riboflavin supplements and other vitamin B complex members; and bone meal and limestone to provide minerals. A type of conventional feed material for use with swine includes corn and soybean meal together with supplementary vitamins, vitamin-containing substances, and minerals if desired. An example of a well known feed compositions useful in the present invention include as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,320,116 (basic ingredients for feed compositions for swine, piglets, and other swines) , incorporated herein by reference. Many other such feed compositions are well known to those skilled in the art. pST and lysine are administered "in combination" which, as defined herein, includes various schemes designed to administer pST and lysine to swine such that the required synergistic dosages of the compounds are present in the swine at the same time; e.g. (1) implanting a pST prolonged delivery device which delivers the pST over an extended period and feeding lysine to the swine along with its daily feed or (2) injecting pST on a periodic basis and feeding lysine to the swine along with its daily feed.
Since pST and lysine can be administered separately, the present invention also contemplates an article of manufacture in the form of a kit comprising in separate containers in a single package or packages (1) porcine somatotropin (pST) and (2) a lysine supplement suitable for producing a feed composition to be administered in combination with the pST. The kit should contain pST in a form suitable for administration to the animal, i.e. an injectable formulation or an implant and should contain lysine in a form suitable for mixing with conventional feeds to
produce a diet containing "high dietary lysine." The lysine supplement could also be feed directly to the animal without mixing it with the animal's feed.
The kit may contain pST in the form of one or more implants or injectable-formulation for periodic administration to the animals at a dosage of from about 1-20 mg/swine/day. The kit may also contain a concentrated lysine supplement for mixing or blending with the animal's feed to produce a feed containing the amount of lysine required in the present invention, about 0.9-1.6% by weight dietary lysine. pST and lysine according to the present invention are used in combination to synergistically promote growth, improve weight gain and increase feed utilization efficiency in swine.
The invention having been generally described, the following examples are given as particular embodiments of the invention and to demonstrate the practice and advantages thereof. It is understood that the examples are given by way of illustration and are not intended to limit the specification or the claims to follow in any manner.
Example 1 Seventy-two crossbred barrows were selected for the study on the basis of health and body weight. Pigs were randomly allotted to individual pens and acclimated to the facility approximately two weeks before treatment initiation. During the pre-experimental period all swines received diet 1 depicted in Table 1. Feed and water were offered ad libitum.
The barrows were divided into eight treatment groups of nine barrows per group and administered pST
and lysine as shown in Table 2.
Samples were collected from each batch of feed used in the study and, at the end of the study, were composited and analyzed for crude protein, lysine, calcium and phosphorus .
Injectable solutions of pST were prepared in 0.427 M arginine hydrochloride. The arginine hydrochloride was aseptically added to the pST to provide the desired pST concentration. Placebo solutions consisted of the arginine hydrochloride solution alone. All doses were administered in a total volume of 1 ml. The injections were administered intramuscularly in the dorsal neck region using alternate sides for each subsequent injection. A new sterile injection syringe was used for each dosage concentration. All injections were administered betweer. 0800 and 1000 hours on each injection day. The condition of the administration site was monitored on a daily basis and recorded in the study record. Pigs were weighed and feed intake determined at the initiation of the study, periodically during the study, and on day 5£. This data, day 56 feed intake and weight, was used to determine average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed utilization efficiency. The experiment was conducted as a 2X4 factorial design with pST dose/frequency and dietary lysine serving as main effects. Pen location served as the blocking factor. Initial body weight served as a covariant for production performance data. The results from the experiment are shown in the Table 3. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (SAS, 1985). The results as percent improvement are shown in Figure 1.
Referring to Table 3 and Figure 1, weight gain and feed utilization efficiency were greater when lysine
was fed in combination with pST. Average daily gain improved only 1.2% with added dietary lysine in the absence of pST; average daily gain improved 12% with 5 mg pST/day, 7% with 10. g pST/2 days, and 2% with 15 mg pST/3 days. Feed utilization improved by 5% with added dietary lysine in the absence of pST while improvements were 17, 12 and 8% for the 5 mg/day, 10 mg/2 day and 15 mg/3 day pST treatment combinations, respectively. In addition, the improvements in weight gain and feed utilization are not simply additive but were synergistic.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
Table 1
Diet Composition
Ingredient Diet
pST Dose/Frequency
0 mg pST/day
5 mg pST/day 10 mg pST/2 days 15 mg pST/3 days
0 mg pST/day
Table 3
Effect of pST and Dietary Lysine on Cumulative Swine' Performance
pST Dose/Lysine
0 mg pST 5 mg pST 10 mg pST 15 mg pST
Day .8% 1.2% .8% 1.2% .8% 1.2% .8% 1.2%
Average Daily Gain (kg*) 56 .85 .86 .92 1.03 .87 .93 .99 1.01 Average Daily Feed (kg)
56 3.49 3.40 2.86 2.69 3.04 2.89 3.44 3.24
Feed/Gain Ratio 56 4.15 3.95 3.14 2.60 3.51 3.09 3.50 3.21
Claims
1. A method for promoting growth, improving weight gain and increasing feed utilization efficiency in swine, comprising: administering in combination a growth promoting, weight gain improving and feed utilization efficiency increasing amount of porcine somatotropin and dietary lysine to said swine.
2. The method of Claim 1 wherein said porcine somatotropin is administered in amounts of from about
1-20 mg/swine/day and said lysine is administered in amounts of from about 0.9-1.6% dietary lysine.
3. The method of Claim 1 wherein said porcine somatotropin is administered in amounts of from about 3-6 mg/swine/day and said lysine is administered in amounts of from about 1.1-1.4% dietary lysine.
4. The method of Claim 1 wherein said porcine somatotropin is administered parenterally and said dietary lysine is administered orally in tablets, suspensions, solutions, emulsions, capsules, powders, syrups, and feed compositions.
5. The method of Claim 4 wherein said dietary lysine is administered in a swine feed composition containing from about 0.9-1.6% lysine.
6. The method of Claim 5 wherein said feed composition contains from about 1.1-1.4% lysine.
7. The method of Claim 4 wherein said porcine somatotropin is administered using an implant, said implant further comprising: a biocompatible and porcine somatotropin compatible implant material; and a growth promoting, weight gain improving and feed utilization increasing amount of said porcine somatotropin.
8. The method of Claim 4 wherein said porcine somatotropin is administered in an injectable formulation said injectable formulation further comprising: a biocompatible and porcine somatotropin compatible carrier; and .' a growth promoting, weight gain improving and feed utilization increasing amount of said porcine somatotropin.
9. The method of Claim 8 wherein said carrier is a buffer containing about 0.4-0.5 M arginine hydrochloride.
10. The method of Claim 1 wherein said porcine somatotropin is a recombinant porcine somatotropin.
11. A method for promoting growth, improving weight gain and increasing feed utilization efficiency in swine, comprising: administering porcine somatotropin to said swine in amounts of from about 1-20 mg/swine/day; and feeding said swine a feed composition containing from about 0.9-1.6% dietary lysine.
12. The method of Claim 11 wherein said porcine somatotropin is administered in amounts of from about 3-6 mg/swine/day and said feed composition contains from about 1.1-1.4% dietary lysine.
13. The method of Claim 11 wherein said porcine somatotropin is administered parenterally.
14. The method of Claim 13 wherein said porcine somatotropin is administered using an implant, said implant further comprising: a biocompatible and porcine somatotropin compatible implant material; and a growth promoting, weight gain improving and feed utilization increasing amount of said porcine somatotropin.
15. The method of Claim 13 wherein said porcine somatotropin is administered in an injectable formulation said injectable formulation further comprising: a biocompatible and porcine somatotropin compatible carrier; and a growth promoting, weight gain improving and feed utilization increasing amount of said porcine somatotropin.
16. The method of Claim 15 wherein said carrier is a buffer containing about 0.4-0.5 M arginine hydrochloride.
17. The method of Claim 11 wherein said porcine somatotropin is a recombinant porcine somatotropin.
18. A kit comprising in separate containers in a single package or packages (1) porcine somatotropin (pST) and (2) a lysine supplement suitable for producing a feed composition containing from about 0.9-1.6% dietary lysine, said feed composition to be administered in combination with said pST.
19. The kit of Claim 18 containing said pST is in the form of an injectable formulation or an implant.
20. The kit of Claim 18 wherein said porcine somatotropin is a recombinant porcine somatotropin.
Priority Applications (1)
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SU914895026A RU1837790C (en) | 1988-09-12 | 1991-03-11 | Pig raising method |
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US242,541 | 1988-09-12 | ||
US07/242,541 US5122512A (en) | 1988-09-12 | 1988-09-12 | Swine growth promoting composition |
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WO1990002560A1 true WO1990002560A1 (en) | 1990-03-22 |
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PCT/US1989/003869 WO1990002560A1 (en) | 1988-09-12 | 1989-09-07 | Swine growth promotion |
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US (1) | US5122512A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0433390A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2952280B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1041107A (en) |
AU (1) | AU631572B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1332044C (en) |
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DD (1) | DD290129A5 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2018919A6 (en) |
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HU (2) | HUT56500A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ230611A (en) |
RU (1) | RU1837790C (en) |
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WO1993019773A1 (en) * | 1992-04-07 | 1993-10-14 | Pitman-Moore, Inc. | Lyophilized somatotropin formulations |
EP0607278A1 (en) * | 1991-10-07 | 1994-07-27 | Brigham And Women's Hospital | Method for enhancing gut absorption |
US5456097A (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1995-10-10 | Crown Cork & Seal Company, Inc. | Lubrication system for container fabricating ironer |
AU664416B2 (en) * | 1991-12-20 | 1995-11-16 | Novo Nordisk A/S | A stabilized pharmaceutical formulation comprising growth hormone and asparagine |
WO1998001474A2 (en) * | 1996-07-08 | 1998-01-15 | Dox-Al Italia S.P.A. | Derivatives of somatostatin, amino acids or oligopeptides and their combination useful for promoting body growth |
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SE466331B (en) * | 1990-01-04 | 1992-02-03 | Svenska Lantmaennens | PROVIDED TO CORRECT AND OPTIMIZE THE NUTRITIONAL SUMMARY IN FOOD |
US5294501A (en) * | 1993-04-19 | 1994-03-15 | Valence Technology, Inc. | Silane acrylate monomer and solid electrolyte derived by the polymerization thereof |
CA2607643C (en) * | 2005-05-11 | 2013-06-25 | Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. | Methods for enhancing palatability of compositions for animal consumption |
CN111714442B (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2024-04-12 | 广州铂思雅生物医药科技有限公司 | Preparation of the implant |
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-
1989
- 1989-08-09 CA CA000607864A patent/CA1332044C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-09-07 EP EP89910975A patent/EP0433390A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-09-07 AU AU43267/89A patent/AU631572B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-09-07 WO PCT/US1989/003869 patent/WO1990002560A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-09-07 HU HU895506A patent/HUT56500A/en unknown
- 1989-09-07 JP JP1510108A patent/JP2952280B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-09-08 GR GR890100563A patent/GR1002317B/en unknown
- 1989-09-11 ZA ZA896915A patent/ZA896915B/en unknown
- 1989-09-11 NZ NZ230611A patent/NZ230611A/en unknown
- 1989-09-11 CZ CS895250A patent/CZ280555B6/en unknown
- 1989-09-11 DD DD89332531A patent/DD290129A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-09-11 CN CN89107229A patent/CN1041107A/en active Pending
- 1989-09-12 ES ES8903102A patent/ES2018919A6/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-03-11 RU SU914895026A patent/RU1837790C/en active
- 1991-03-26 HU HU91786A patent/HUT64704A/en active IP Right Revival
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EP0192360A1 (en) * | 1985-02-06 | 1986-08-27 | Eli Lilly And Company | Improvements in or relating to a method for increasing the feed intake of an animal |
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WO1987004074A1 (en) * | 1986-01-09 | 1987-07-16 | Brigham And Women's Hospital | Use of growth hormone for nitrogen retention under hypocaloric conditions |
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Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
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Derwent File Supplier WPI(L), AN No. 88-142259 (21), 1988, Derwent Publications Ltd (London, GB); & HU-A-044 706 (28 April 1988) * |
Journal of Animal Science, Vol. 40, No. 5, 1975, D.H. BAKER et al.: "Lysine Requirements of Growing Pigs at Two Levels of Dietary Protein", pages 851-856 * |
Journal of Animal Science, Vol. 66, Supplement 1, "Abstracts", 1988, Oral Communication made on 31 January - 3 February 1988 (New Orleans, Louisiana, US), American Society of Animal Science, R.D. GOODBAND et al.: "The Effects of Porcine Somatotropin (PST) and Dietary Lysine Level on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Swine", Abstract No. 12, Pages 95-96 * |
Journal of Dairy Science, Vol. 72, Supplement 1, ADSA/SAS Abstracts, 1989, C.J. ANDRES et al.: "Lysine Requirement of Recombinant Porcine Somatotropin Injected Barrows", Abstract No. 645, page 265 * |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0472534A1 (en) * | 1989-05-15 | 1992-03-04 | Pitman Moore Inc | Somatotropin for increasing fertility in animals. |
EP0472534B1 (en) * | 1989-05-15 | 1993-12-08 | Pitman-Moore, Inc. | Somatotropin for increasing fertility in animals |
EP0607278A1 (en) * | 1991-10-07 | 1994-07-27 | Brigham And Women's Hospital | Method for enhancing gut absorption |
EP0607278A4 (en) * | 1991-10-07 | 1995-03-29 | Brigham & Womens Hospital | Method for enhancing gut absorption. |
AU664416B2 (en) * | 1991-12-20 | 1995-11-16 | Novo Nordisk A/S | A stabilized pharmaceutical formulation comprising growth hormone and asparagine |
WO1993019773A1 (en) * | 1992-04-07 | 1993-10-14 | Pitman-Moore, Inc. | Lyophilized somatotropin formulations |
CN1089249C (en) * | 1992-04-07 | 2002-08-21 | 马林克罗特兽医公司 | Biocompatible somatotropin solutions |
US5456097A (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1995-10-10 | Crown Cork & Seal Company, Inc. | Lubrication system for container fabricating ironer |
WO1998001474A2 (en) * | 1996-07-08 | 1998-01-15 | Dox-Al Italia S.P.A. | Derivatives of somatostatin, amino acids or oligopeptides and their combination useful for promoting body growth |
WO1998001474A3 (en) * | 1996-07-08 | 1998-04-09 | Dox Al Italia Spa | Derivatives of somatostatin, amino acids or oligopeptides and their combination useful for promoting body growth |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1041107A (en) | 1990-04-11 |
HUT64704A (en) | 1994-02-28 |
NZ230611A (en) | 1991-09-25 |
GR890100563A (en) | 1990-10-31 |
RU1837790C (en) | 1993-08-30 |
ES2018919A6 (en) | 1991-05-16 |
JP2952280B2 (en) | 1999-09-20 |
ZA896915B (en) | 1990-10-31 |
DD290129A5 (en) | 1991-05-23 |
CZ280555B6 (en) | 1996-02-14 |
GR1002317B (en) | 1996-05-13 |
JPH04500605A (en) | 1992-02-06 |
AU631572B2 (en) | 1992-12-03 |
CA1332044C (en) | 1994-09-20 |
AU4326789A (en) | 1990-04-02 |
CZ525089A3 (en) | 1995-11-15 |
HUT56500A (en) | 1991-09-30 |
HU910786D0 (en) | 1991-09-30 |
EP0433390A1 (en) | 1991-06-26 |
US5122512A (en) | 1992-06-16 |
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