Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
  • E04B1/7007—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents by using electricity, e.g. electro-osmosis

Definitions

• the invention relates to a plastic electrode according to the preamble of claim 1.
• Plastic electrodes made of conductive plastic are known in principle.
• a known plastic electrode consists of a flexible network, which comprises, for example, metallic threads arranged in a network-like manner, which are supplied with voltage by a current supply line running in the longitudinal direction in the middle of the band-shaped electrode.
• This metallic basic net can be encased in a plastic immersion bath with a thermoset which consists of electrically conductive plastic.
• the filament-shaped carrier materials can also consist of carbon filaments in the central longitudinal direction of the band-shaped electrode, which, like the metal filaments, are preferably silver-plated.
• a far more serious problem is the generation of homogeneous electric fields, especially in the case of large-area electrolysis electrodes.
• Another problem is the transmission of the current to the electrolyte to be processed, which can be present, for example, in concentrated form in aqueous solution .
• the object of the present invention is therefore to avoid the wax parts according to the prior art and to create a conductive plastic electrode which, even with large dimensions, largely has the same voltage potential over its entire area, and in which a largely over the entire area has a uniform current density or. intensity relative to an electrolyte can be maintained.
• the electrical lines in the plastic electrode are in any case considerably better conductive than the plastic material of the electrode itself and, in addition, current and voltage supply lines, for example, can also be silvered in accordance with the prior art, the present invention uses one , completely opposite path.
• the at least one electrical line for the plastic electrode is not in direct and direct contact with the plastic electrode, but rather via interposed resistors.
• the resistance value should be greater than that of the electrical line as well as the resistance value of the electrically conductive plastic material of the plastic electrode.
• the higher resistance value of the intermediate resistors thus acts as insulation protection for the electrical lines.
• The. Resistance of the electrical plastic electrode acts as a "receiving water" with respect to the electrical supply line and optimally distributes the current over the entire surface.
• a resistance value is required for the resistance of the electrical plastic electrode, which is preferably about 0.5-1 kil / to keep the contact resistance to the masonry and mortar low.
• the electrical connection line can be routed in parallel and connection lines can be provided at regular or irregular intervals between the electrical supply line and the plastic electrode, into which the resistors mentioned are installed, in a preferred embodiment the electrical line embedded in the plastic electrode.
• the electrical line with at least a comparatively low resistance value is surrounded by a corresponding sheathed conductor with which it is in electrical contact.
• the surrounding sheathed conductor has a considerably greater resistance value than the resistance value of the conductive plastic and the electrical conductor itself.
• sheathed conductor as a resistance connection to the electrical line and the electrical
• Plastic electrode material is formed in discrete sections on the electrical supply line, and that the remaining sheathing areas of the electrical conductor are provided with an insulating layer.
• the sheathed conductor with a resistance value which is considerably greater than the resistance value of the conductive plastic electrode material ensures that the electrode in the region of the sheathed conductor works only slightly and is active, so that the actual electrical element arranged in the sheathed conductor
• an electrical line provided in the central longitudinal region is sufficient for the current and voltage supply
• different variants can be implemented in which, for example in the case of a strip-shaped electrode, the electrical supply line sheathed with a sheathed conductor is arranged on the outside. Electrical supply lines which are designed in a zigzag shape or even in a double zigzag shape are also possible.
• the cross-sectional thickness can be designed differently, in particular without providing a sufficient line cross-section in the area of the electrical line.
• the electrical conductor can also be designed in the form of a band instead of a thread-like cross section.
• profiling has proven to be advantageous, for example in cross section in the manner of a zigzag arrangement, as a result of which the overall surface can be enlarged.
• the plastic electrode according to the invention can be produced particularly easily using extrudable and / or calenderable thermoplastic. With this band-shaped structure, large-area recesses and punched-outs can be made in the plastic electrode to improve the immediate electrode area and for better connection and attachment to the masonry.
• an electrical conductor made of carbon or carbon is preferably used. This is because the low resistances, as in the case of metal, cause reactions at the electrode which lead to rapid passivation. The contact resistance becomes infinitely large, so that the electrode can then no longer work.
• the sheathed conductor basically consists of the same plastic material as the conductive plastic material of the plastic electrode, but with the difference that in the Immediate limit range to the voltage and power supply line, the density of the material and / or the mixture ratio in its proportions are changed or additional admixtures are added or omitted in order to thereby significantly increase the resistance value.
• Figure 1 a schematic partial top view of a band-shaped plastic electrode
• FIG. 2 a schematic, partial top view of a band-shaped plastic electrode with an integrated electrical supply line
• FIG. 3 a schematic, partially cross-sectional representation through the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2;
• Figure 4 an alternative embodiment in top view
• Figures 5 - 7 • three further exemplary embodiments in a schematic plan view.
• Figure 1 is a first embodiment of a conductive
• a large number of ' punched-outs 1 are made in the plastic electrode, which also deviate from the circular openings can have any other shape.
• These punchings 1 offer advantages especially when using the plastic electrode for drying masonry, since the electrodes can then be held well on the masonry when the plaster is applied. In other applications, such a punching can be dispensed with, so that a full-surface plastic electrode is used.
• the plastic electrode consists of a suitable conductive plastic material.
• an electrical line 3 serving to supply current and voltage is formed separately from the plastic electrode.
• resistors 5 in connecting lines 6 connect the electrical line 3 to the conductive material of the plastic electrode, which is connected to the
• a material with a low resistance is generally used for the electric line 3 in order to have only a slight drop in performance here.
• Non-metallic are preferred
• the possible materials for the electrical plastic electrode 7 generally have a higher resistance value than the electrical line 3.
• the resistors 5, via which the plastic electrode is electrically connected to the electric line 3, are selected so that their resistance is significantly greater than the resistance value of the electric line 3 and also greater than the resistance value of the plastic material of the plastic electrode 7.
• the plastic acts elek ⁇ trode opposite the resistors 5 and thus with respect to the electric line 3 as a receiving stream, so that the entire over ' Surface of the plastic electrode 7, the current and voltage can be optimally distributed evenly.
• the resistance value of the plastic material of the plastic electrode 7 may well have values of preferably 0.5 kJ-L / m to 1 k J-LJm.
• FIGS. 2 and 3 show a preferred exemplary embodiment.
• This embodiment is the electrical line 3 used for the current and voltage supply integrated in the plastic electrode
• the electric line 3 is surrounded here with a sheathed conductor which corresponds in function to the resistors 5.
• the electrical line 3 is only connected to the actual material of the plastic electrode 7 via the sheathed conductor representing the resistor 5. Since here too the resistance value of the sheathed conductor 5 is clearly above the
• the plastic electrode 7 or. the electric line 3 the preferred and surprising properties of the plastic electrode are achieved.
• this can have not only a thread-shaped but also a band-shaped cross-section.
• the plastic electrode 7 can also be profiled. In the exemplary embodiment shown, it is formed in a zigzag cross-section, as a result of which the surface increases by 41% compared to a flat band-shaped electrode with the same external dimensions. This increase in the current transfer area beats is positive when using the electrode. In addition to the punched holes 1, this profiling also improves the adhesiveness of such an electrode, in particular when used for drying masonry, since the mortar 9 can attack the electrode better and maintains the adhesiveness in the long term even in the case of temperature fluctuations receives. For this purpose, the reefing is preferred . 11 introduced in the longitudinal direction of the electrode.
• the plastic electrode in particular in the area of the electrical line 3, can also be formed with a thickness that is different from the other thickness.
• the thickness of the plastic electrode may be 0.05 to 2 mm, preferably 1 mm for example.
• the thickness can easily be 2 to 5 times the otherwise usual thickness, for example 3 to 4 mm.
• Potential course can be generated.
• the thickness at the distance from the electric line 3 could increase slightly.
• Plastic material which is capable of extrusion and / or calendering is preferably used as the material for the plastic electrode.
• the electrical line 3 can be processed together with the thermoplastic material to form the plastic electrode in an extrusion process.
• the desired cross-sectional shape in the plastic electrode can also be produced by calendering.
• FIGS. 4 to 7 are intended only show schematically that several electrical lines 3 with the corresponding sheathed conductors 5 representing the increased resistance value can also be provided.
• the electrical lines 3 with the resistance sheathed conductor surrounding them can also be laid deviating from a straight line.
• the two power supply lines 3 are arranged next to one another in a zigzag shape. This can happen in one way or another
• the two electrical lines 3 are arranged so as to cross each other.
• other cruciform or. overlapping electrical lines 3 can be provided in the plastic mass.
• the plurality of electrical lines 3 extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the band-shaped electrode are formed in the interior of the plastic material, which in this exemplary embodiment are each firmly connected to the electrical line 3 running in the longitudinal direction on the outer edge.
• an electrical line 3 running in the longitudinal direction as the main line is sufficient.
• all electrical lines 3 are sheathed with the above-mentioned sheath line 5 which has the higher resistance value.
• the sheathed conductors 5 with higher resistance are not shown in FIGS. 5 to 7.
• metallic conductors are also fundamentally or at least purely theoretically possible for the electrical conductor 3, electrical conductors 3 made of non-metallic materials are preferred in order to avoid passivation effects. For example, leaders are considered They are made using carbon.
• plastic electrode material consisting of two components A and B has proven to be favorable, A being a thermoplastic macromolecular material, and B either a mixture of a) a non-metallic material which mediates electrical conductivity and b) an additive that can build up a stable electrochemical potential through oxidation or reduction, or can be a non-metallic substance that simultaneously provides conductivity and the ability to build up an electrochemical potential.
• A being a thermoplastic macromolecular material
• B either a mixture of a) a non-metallic material which mediates electrical conductivity and b) an additive that can build up a stable electrochemical potential through oxidation or reduction, or can be a non-metallic substance that simultaneously provides conductivity and the ability to build up an electrochemical potential.
• the resistors or, above all, the sheathed conductor 5 surrounding the actual electrical line 3 can likewise consist of materials which have the desired higher resistance value.
• a material or a group of materials which are formed from a non-metallic or predominantly non-metallic composition is preferred.
• a plastic material is possible which is identical in principle and in its basic structure to the material of the actual conductive plastic electrode, but in which the density, the thickness and / or the mixing ratio and / or the admixture are changed such that the resistance values to the actual plastic material of the plastic electrode 7 increase significantly.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Conductive Materials (AREA)
• Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
• Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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Citations (2)

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• 1987
  • 1987-10-28 DE DE19873736576 patent/DE3736576A1/de active Granted
• 1988
  • 1988-10-28 EP EP88909761A patent/EP0386077B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1988-10-28 AT AT88909761T patent/ATE67261T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1988-10-28 DE DE8888909761T patent/DE3864833D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1988-10-28 WO PCT/EP1988/000980 patent/WO1989003918A1/de active IP Right Grant

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