WO1988005911A1 - Capteurs optiques de monoxyde de carbone appliques par impregnation sur des substrats monolithiques poreux - Google Patents
Capteurs optiques de monoxyde de carbone appliques par impregnation sur des substrats monolithiques poreux Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1988005911A1 WO1988005911A1 PCT/US1988/000217 US8800217W WO8805911A1 WO 1988005911 A1 WO1988005911 A1 WO 1988005911A1 US 8800217 W US8800217 W US 8800217W WO 8805911 A1 WO8805911 A1 WO 8805911A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- chloride
- group
- perchlorate
- acid
- reagent system
- Prior art date
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 molybdate anion Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WHQOKFZWSDOTQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxypropyl 4-aminobenzoate Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(=O)OCC(O)CO)C=C1 WHQOKFZWSDOTQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium perchlorate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- ZRGUXTGDSGGHLR-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;triperchlorate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O ZRGUXTGDSGGHLR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003230 hygroscopic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromocopper(1+) Chemical compound Br[Cu+] ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- YRNNKGFMTBWUGL-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) perchlorate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O YRNNKGFMTBWUGL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- INIOZDBICVTGEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) bromide Chemical compound Br[Pd]Br INIOZDBICVTGEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021426 porous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDEPFLVKWKPGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cl(=O)(=O)O.[Pt] Chemical compound Cl(=O)(=O)O.[Pt] HDEPFLVKWKPGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019032 PtCl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010960 commercial process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QUQFTIVBFKLPCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;2-amino-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxylatoethyl)disulfanyl]propanoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)C(N)CSSCC(N)C([O-])=O QUQFTIVBFKLPCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001502 inorganic halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002751 molybdenum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- APVPOHHVBBYQAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyloctadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 APVPOHHVBBYQAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005373 porous glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
- G01N21/783—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour for analysing gases
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/22—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
- G01N31/223—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators for investigating presence of specific gases or aerosols
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/004—CO or CO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improved device for detecting the presence of a reducing gas by means of a chemical reagent system which changes optical density in response to the presence of reducing gas.
- the device is of particular use in detecting the presence of carbon monoxide or hydrogen sulfide.
- the present invention comprises a device for detecting the presence of a reducing gas, which has a working Life of at least one year.
- the device comprises a porous monolithic substrate sufficiently transmissive to light to permit its detection by a phototransistor or the like, and a self-regenerating chemical reagent system impregnated in the substrate, which changes optical density in response to contact with the reducing gas.
- the improvement which results in the increased working life of the chemical reagent system lies in the inclusion in the chemical reagent system of a compound(s) which renders the chemical reagent system acid-retaining and/or acid-forming.
- the present invention further comprises an improved chemical reagent system for the detection of the presence of a reducing gas.
- the present invention comprises an improved device for detecting the presence of a reducing gas, the device comprising a porous, monolithic substrate sufficiently transmissive to light to permit its detection by a phototransistor or the like; and a self-regenerating chemical reagent system which changes optical density in response to contact with the reducing gas to be detected, said chemical reagent system being impregnated into the substrate, the improvement comprising including in the chemical reagent system a compound(s) which renders the chemical reagent system acid-retaining and/or acid-forming.
- the compound(s) is preferably water soluble and is preferably selected from the group consisting of lithium chloride, sodium chloride, lithium sulfate, lithium perchlorate, magnesium perchlorate, calcium perchlorate, aluminum perchlorate, platinum chloride, an inorganic acid, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, cobalt chloride and combinations thereof. It is particularly preferred that ' the compound(s) is a nonvolatile inorganic acid, such as sulfuric acid or perchloric acid, or a halide salt such as calcium chloride, cobalt chloride and platinum chloride. It is preferable that the compound(s) is such that hydrochloric acid is either formed or retained in the chemical reagent system.
- the porous monolithic substrate may be any of a number of commercially available porous monolithic materials which are optically transmissive. Examples include, but are not limited to, commercial silica gel dessicants in bead form (available from most major supplies of silica gel) , porous silicon dioxide and porous leached borosilicate glass such as VYCOR ("thirsty glass” — Corning Glass Works, Corning, New York. Brand No. 7930) .
- the porous glass may b e obtained in plate, rod or tubing form. Discs may be obtained by slicing the rods to suitable form. A variety of physical shapes and forms for the substrate may be obtained by suitable commercial processes.
- the chemical reagent system used to impregnate the porous monolithic substrate may be composed of compounds disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,043,934. It is preferable that the chemical reagent system comprises a selection of at least one compound from each of the following groups:
- Group 2 silicomolybdic acid, salts of silicomolybdic acid, molybdenum trioxide, hetropolyacids of molybdenum, ammonium molybdate, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of the molybdate anion; Group 3 - copper sulfate, copper chloride, copper bromide, copper iodide, and copper perchlorate; plus the compound(s) which renders the chemical reagent system acid retaining and/or acid forming.
- the chemical reagent system used in the present invention comprises palladium chloride, silicomolybdic acid, copper chloride, and, as the acid-retaining and/or acid-forming chemical, calcium chloride.
- the device further includes a hygroscopic agent, which is preferably a chloride. It is particularly preferred that the hygroscopic agent comprises a non-volatile source of halide.
- the device includes absorbants to protect the sensor from external contaminants and/or to inhibit the loss of acid and water from the sensor.
- the porous monolithic substrate is impregnated with the chemical reagent system by immersing the substrate in a bath including at least one compound from each of the following groups:
- Group 1 palladium sulfate, palladium chloride, palladium bromide, palladium iodide, and palladium perchlorate;
- Group 2 silicomolybdic acid, salts of silicomolybdic acid, molybdenum trioxide, hetropolyacids of molybdenum, ammonium molybdate, alkali metal or alkaline earth salts of the molybdate anion;
- Group 3 copper sulfate, copper chloride, copper bromide, copper iodide, artd copper perchlorate;
- Group 4 lithium chloride, sodium chloride, • lithium sulfate, lithium perchlorate, magnesium perchlorate, calcium perchlorate, aluminum perchlorate, platinum chloride, an inorganic acid, calcium chloride, magnesium and cobalt chloride.
- the substrate is then removed from the bath and allowed to dry.
- the bath includes compounds from each group in the following ratio range:
- Group 1 Group 2 - 0.01:1 to 0.5:1
- Group 3 Group 2 - 0.001:1 to 0.08:1
- Group 4 Group 2 - 0.01:1 to 10.0:1
- the Group 4 compound is calcium chloride.
- the compound(s) selected from Group 4 is present in at least a stoichemetric amount compared to the compound selected from Group 3.
- Sensor devices were made by soaking pieces of porous VYCOR and silica gel beads for several hours in the following solutions and then letting the pieces dry in air. Measurements of optical response were made using standard laboratory instruments during periodic exposures to CO. Several example preparations of the monolithic sensors are presented below. Examples 1 through 3 were prepared by immersion of VYCOR into solution, the VYCOR is then removed and dried. Example 4 was made by placing porous silica beads in solution and then evaporating the solution.
- the porous VYCOR discs have a diameter of approximately 0.25 inches and a thickness of 0.050 to 0.20 inches.
- Example 4 and exposed to ambient conditions in excess of two years are proving to respond subsequently to low levels of CO in air and regenerate for over 40 cycles.
- Sensors prepared according to Example 2 are proven to have lifetimes in excess of eight months. When such sensors are properly protected from environmental contaminants and heat they are expected to be capable of affording useful lifetimes of several years.
- One year is a commercially feasible minimum lifetime requirement for most chemical sensors application such as CO safety shutoff systems for gas appliances and CO alarm systems.
- CO sensors prepared with porous, monolithic VYCOR substrates therefore exhibit the lifetime requirements for a variety of commercial applications.
- the observed enhancement of sensor lifetime may be due to an acid retaining and/or chloride acid replacement capability of the new formulation and the longer path for the volatile acid to exit this substrate. This may create a tortuous path by which molecules enter and leave the monolithic substrate, thus increasing substrate lifetime either by slowing down the departure of volatile components and/or by replacing the acid with excess acid forming compounds such as soluble chlorides. Tests in our lab indicate silica gel lifetime is extended with the addition of the agents, however, porous substrate life extension is even greater.
- the effective pore diameters of the monolithic materials may be important in extending the useful lifetimes of the sensors, presumably by promoting the retention of acid and water. Tests indicate 10 to 100 angstroms pore size are preferred. Porous leached VYCOR is reported to have an average pore diameter of 40 angstroms with a void space of about 28% of its total volume. The silica gel beads are believed to have typical pore diameters of approximately 25 angstroms. Pore diameters between approximately 15 and 50 angstroms r are believed to facilitate the retention of acid and water. Surface area may be another important physical property of porous substrates. Porous VYCOR is reported to have a surface area of approximately 200 square meters/gram. Since this is a value typical of many powdered silica gel substrates, the surface area of VYCOR is not believed to contribute to its observed enhanced lifetime properties.
- the sensitivity of our porous, monolithic sensors is not diminished by going to such substrates. They respond to low levels of CO at least as well as the powdered silica gel sensors of U. S. 4,043,934.
- the sensors typically show at least a fivefold drop in transmitted near-infrared radiation (as detected by silicon-based photo detectors) under the following conditions: 200 ppm CO (response ⁇ 2 hours) ; 40 ppm CO (response ⁇ 30 minutes) .
- the monolithic nature of the sensor also facilitates light transmission through the sensor.
- Porous VYCOR and silica gel beads provide at least a tenfold increase in light transmission over powdered silica gel sensors of comparable thickness.
- the increased light transmission permits the use of low-cost conventional photo detectors which do not display significant temperature dependence.
- Our porous, monolithic sensors are therefore more amenable to commercial applications than are powdered silica gel sensors.
- porous, monolithic sensors also show other significant advantages over powdered silica gel sensors.
- Powdered silica gel substrates have a tendency to swell or contract appreciably depending upon the water content of the material. This property can affect the quality of particle packing within the sensor and can introduce cracking and light leaks.
- the bodies of porous, monolithic sensors are much more rigid and show little tendency to change their shape or size depending upon their water content. Futhermore, expensive porous windows required to retain the silica gel are not necessary to retain the porous, monolithic sensor. The physical properties of porous, monolithic sensors therefore making them more reliable and low-cost alternative to powdered silica gel sensors.
- inorganic non volatile acids such as perchlorate and halide salts such as, CaCl , CoCl 2 , and/or PtCl 2
- inorganic non volatile acids such as perchlorate and halide salts such as, CaCl , CoCl 2 , and/or PtCl 2
- nonvolatile inorganic halides among the above group are also believed to extend the sensor lifetime by facilitating the retention of halide (chloride) in the sensor.
- Halide is believed to be important in maintaining the reversible nature of the sensor.
- the device of the present invention may be incorporated in a system for the detection of the presence for reducing gas. This may be done by providing a radiation source arranged such that radiation from the source is incident upon the device of the present invention and providing detection means for measuring the amount of radiation passing through the device of the present invention.
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- Immunology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
Dispositif perfectionné permettant de détecter la présence d'un gaz réducteur tel du monoxyde de carbone ou du sulfure d'hydrogène. Le dispositif comprend un substrat monolithique poreux suffisamment transparent à la lumière pour en permettre la détection à l'aide d'un phototransistor, et un système réactif chimique autorégénérateur dont la densité varie lorsqu'il entre en contact avec le gaz réducteur dont est imprégné le substrat. Le système réactif chimique comprend un ou plusieurs composés lui conférant des caractéristiques de rétention d'acide et/ou de formation d'acide.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US1078687A | 1987-02-04 | 1987-02-04 | |
US010,786 | 1987-02-04 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1988005911A1 true WO1988005911A1 (fr) | 1988-08-11 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US1988/000217 WO1988005911A1 (fr) | 1987-02-04 | 1988-01-27 | Capteurs optiques de monoxyde de carbone appliques par impregnation sur des substrats monolithiques poreux |
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WO (1) | WO1988005911A1 (fr) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0617275A1 (fr) * | 1993-03-24 | 1994-09-28 | Eurodif Production | Détecteur de vapeurs d'acide ou d'hexafluorure d'uranium |
US5486336A (en) * | 1990-06-12 | 1996-01-23 | Catalytica, Inc. | NOX sensor assembly |
EP0699903A1 (fr) * | 1994-09-05 | 1996-03-06 | Japan Pionics Co., Ltd. | Réactif pour la détection des hydrases gazeux |
EP0746755A1 (fr) * | 1993-01-26 | 1996-12-11 | Fci-Fiberchem, Inc. | Detecteur de monoxyde de carbone a semiconducteurs |
EP0779975A1 (fr) * | 1994-08-29 | 1997-06-25 | Quantum Group Inc. | Detecteurs de monoxyde de carbone organometalliques bioderives absorbant les photons |
EP0884590A1 (fr) * | 1997-06-12 | 1998-12-16 | Quantum Group | Capteurs de monoxide de carbone avec un seuil de réponse contrÔlé |
EP0901009A2 (fr) * | 1997-08-29 | 1999-03-10 | Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation | Procédé, élément de capteur, et capteur de gaz pour la détection du dioxyde d'azote |
US8956571B2 (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2015-02-17 | Quantum Group Inc. | Carbon monoxide sensor system and related methods |
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US4351662A (en) * | 1981-06-25 | 1982-09-28 | Corning Glass Works | Method of making photosensitive porous glass |
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Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5486336A (en) * | 1990-06-12 | 1996-01-23 | Catalytica, Inc. | NOX sensor assembly |
EP0746755A4 (fr) * | 1993-01-26 | 1997-11-12 | Fiberchem Inc | Detecteur de monoxyde de carbone a semiconducteurs |
EP0746755A1 (fr) * | 1993-01-26 | 1996-12-11 | Fci-Fiberchem, Inc. | Detecteur de monoxyde de carbone a semiconducteurs |
FR2703158A1 (fr) * | 1993-03-24 | 1994-09-30 | Eurodif Production | Détecteur de vapeurs d'acide fluorhydrique. |
EP0617275A1 (fr) * | 1993-03-24 | 1994-09-28 | Eurodif Production | Détecteur de vapeurs d'acide ou d'hexafluorure d'uranium |
EP0779975A4 (fr) * | 1994-08-29 | 1997-12-29 | Quantum Group Inc | Detecteurs de monoxyde de carbone organometalliques bioderives absorbant les photons |
EP0779975A1 (fr) * | 1994-08-29 | 1997-06-25 | Quantum Group Inc. | Detecteurs de monoxyde de carbone organometalliques bioderives absorbant les photons |
US5665313A (en) * | 1994-09-05 | 1997-09-09 | Japan Pionics Co., Ltd. | Detecting agent |
EP0699903A1 (fr) * | 1994-09-05 | 1996-03-06 | Japan Pionics Co., Ltd. | Réactif pour la détection des hydrases gazeux |
EP0884590A1 (fr) * | 1997-06-12 | 1998-12-16 | Quantum Group | Capteurs de monoxide de carbone avec un seuil de réponse contrÔlé |
EP0901009A2 (fr) * | 1997-08-29 | 1999-03-10 | Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation | Procédé, élément de capteur, et capteur de gaz pour la détection du dioxyde d'azote |
EP0901009A3 (fr) * | 1997-08-29 | 1999-04-14 | Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation | Procédé, élément de capteur, et capteur de gaz pour la détection du dioxyde d'azote |
US6362005B1 (en) | 1997-08-29 | 2002-03-26 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Nitrogen dioxide gas sensing method, nitrogen dioxide gas sensor element, and nitrogen dioxide gas sensor using the same |
US8956571B2 (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2015-02-17 | Quantum Group Inc. | Carbon monoxide sensor system and related methods |
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