WO1988002815A1 - Device at internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Device at internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988002815A1
WO1988002815A1 PCT/SE1987/000477 SE8700477W WO8802815A1 WO 1988002815 A1 WO1988002815 A1 WO 1988002815A1 SE 8700477 W SE8700477 W SE 8700477W WO 8802815 A1 WO8802815 A1 WO 8802815A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
line
medium
supply line
fluid
fuel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1987/000477
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
John Olsson
Bertil Olsson
Gunnar Olsson
Original Assignee
John Olsson
Bertil Olsson
Gunnar Olsson
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by John Olsson, Bertil Olsson, Gunnar Olsson filed Critical John Olsson
Priority to KR1019880700702A priority Critical patent/KR880701830A/en
Priority to BR8707858A priority patent/BR8707858A/en
Publication of WO1988002815A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988002815A1/en
Priority to DK322388A priority patent/DK322388A/en
Priority to NO882603A priority patent/NO882603L/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M67/00—Apparatus in which fuel-injection is effected by means of high-pressure gas, the gas carrying the fuel into working cylinders of the engine, e.g. air-injection type
    • F02M67/10—Injectors peculiar thereto, e.g. valve less type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B47/00—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/08—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by the fuel being carried by compressed air into main stream of combustion-air
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a device at internal combustion engines with an inlet valve provided in its inlet port, and which device is of the type incorporating means for supplying at least one fluid, which can be the fuel for running the engine, or a fluid other than the fuel, and which means consists of a feeding line with its mouthpice directed towards the combustion chamber, whereby at least the portion around the outlet opening of the feeding line is surrounded by a line for a gaseous medium, having a pressure different from that prevailing outside the mouthpiece.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a very simple device for atomization also of small liquid quantities at injection into a cylinder, which at the moment is in its suction stroke. This has been achieved in that the outlet opening of the supply line and of the medium line are arranged in close vicinity of one another and in close vicinity of the suction opening of the combustion chamber formed by the inlet valve.
  • Fig. 1 shows a vertical section which through a portion of the cylinder head at an inlet valve of a combustion engine.
  • Fig. 2 is a section along line II-II in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3-6 show in bigger scale, sections through different embodiments of the front end portion of the supply line.
  • 11 denotes a cylinder head of a combustion engine, 12 an inlet channel of the combustion chamber 13 of the engine cylinder and an inlet valve 14, which cooperates with a valve seat 15.
  • 16 denotes the exhaust channel of the cylinder and 17 the outlet valve.
  • a supply line 19 for a fluid e.g. water, which e.g. may be admixed with an antifreezing agent.
  • the supply line 19 is surrounded by and spaced from a second line 20 for a gaseous medium, which has a pressure deviating from the pressure prevailing at the orifice 21 of the supply line, which is situated in close vicinity of the inlet valve 14, but which could possible open directly in the combustion chambers of the engine.
  • the medium may be atmospheric air, in whichs case the line 20 is arranged thus that it communicates with the atmosphere outside the engine block.
  • the medium may also be engine exhaust gases which under pressure are pressed through the medium line 20.
  • the medium can also be a pressurized gas, e.g. a small amount of air taken from a turbo charger.
  • One of the lines is preferably provided inside the other line in such a way that an annular channel is formed for the fluid and the medium, resp. It has proven itself that the shape of the mouthpiece is of great importance for the atomization of the fluid in the medium, and for this purpose it may be feasible to design the mouthpiece as shown in Fig. 3, i.e. where the common outlet opening 22 of the supply line 19 and the medium line 20 has a smaller diameter than the inner opening 24 of the supply line 19.
  • the fluid or the fluid droplets are carried along by the passing gas flow and in such cases the embodiment shown in fig. 4 may be used, where the orifice 24 of the supply line is axially displaced in relation to the orifice of the medium line 20. It thus may be situated outside the orifice 22 of the medium line, but it also can be positioned inside said orifice.
  • Fig. 5 is shown a modification of the end portions shown in Fig. 3. which end portion is provided with a flanged out opening 22, in order to control the dispersion after the constricted passage, in which an efficient admixing of the fluid in the medium takes place.
  • this fuel quantity may e.g. be supplied through a line 23 positioned outside thesupply line 19, but inside the medium line 20, as shown in fig. 6.
  • the flow control of the fuel is carried through with a dosing device at a distance from the combustion chamber sufficient not to influence the flow control device.
  • a dosing device at a distance from the combustion chamber sufficient not to influence the flow control device.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown but a plurality of variations are possible within the claims. It is thus possible that more than one supply line with surronding medium line 20 is provided for each cylinder, whereby the single supply line can be the ordinary fuel line for each cylinder.
  • the location of the supply line can be made in any optimal position, even e.g. in an intermediate flange betwen the engine block and the inlet manifold, whereas the position of the orifice is of big importance such as also shown in our older Swedish patent No 8106113.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

A device at internal combustion engines of the kind that incorporates means for supplying at least one fluid, which can be the fuel for running the engine, or a fluid other than the fuel, and which means consists of one supply line (19), the mouthpiece (21) of which is arranged to open in or in close connection to the combustion chamber (13, 12). The purpose is to provide a very simple device for atomization also of very small quantities of liquid at the injection into a cylinder that for the moment is in its suction stroke. This has been achieved in that the outlet opening (22, 24) of the supply line (19) and of the medium line (20) are arranged in close vicinity of one another and in close vicinity of the suction opening of the combustion chamber (13) formed by the inlet valve (14).

Description

DEVICE AT INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
The present invention concerns a device at internal combustion engines with an inlet valve provided in its inlet port, and which device is of the type incorporating means for supplying at least one fluid, which can be the fuel for running the engine, or a fluid other than the fuel, and which means consists of a feeding line with its mouthpice directed towards the combustion chamber, whereby at least the portion around the outlet opening of the feeding line is surrounded by a line for a gaseous medium, having a pressure different from that prevailing outside the mouthpiece.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Injection of smaller amounts of water, or water and an antifreezing agent in the purpose of having the possibility of using a plurality of fuels of different octane rating, or mixtures thereof, at unchanged compression ratio, as described in Swedish patent 8106113, has proven itself to be successful and has a positive influence on the efficiency. It has been experienced that the atomization of the fluid is very important. The injection valves available on the market a re ra t her complicated , a nd t here are problems in u sing them. In addition they dont stand corrosive fluids, and they have a tendency to stick as a result of the combustion gases. If the opening of the injection valve is made wider it is difficult to atomize the fluid, particulary under low-load conditions.
According to a known fuel injection system ( DE- 1.933.514-A1) the atomization of the fuel is certainly supported, but if for different reasons - the supplied fluid has to be led directly to the inlet opening of the combustion chamber, the continuously operating injection valves are so big, that they disturb the air stream if they are arranged close to the inlet valve, with desired injection direction. If the injection valves on the other hand are located so that the air stream is not disturbed, an incorrect injection angle is obtained. The problems increase dramatically if the injection valve is surrounded by an additional mantle. Another alternative, suggested in the German publication, is to let the fluid, which has left the atomizer and become atomized, be conveyed in a tube, possibly provided with means for preheating. This means with necessity that the atomization of the fuel is rendered more difficult, particulary if the fluid used is water and or alcohol. The problem of the hitherto known technique is that it is not possible to have a continuous injection in close vicinity of the inlet valve without disturbing the air flow, obtaining incorrect alignment of the atomizer or deteriorating the atomization. Further there is another practical problem at known continuous injection valve i.e. that they get stuck if they have been run with water and or alcohol, and must be cleaned after each stop that lasts for a longer period (some hours). It is further of essential importance that the atomization of the fluid is not effected to early, but just before the fluid is sucked into the combustion chamber. According to said German publication there is brought about an admixing of the fuel and the air on the way to the inlet opening, i.e. the opposite effect is obtained.
THE PURPOSE AND HOST ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF THE INVENTION
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a very simple device for atomization also of small liquid quantities at injection into a cylinder, which at the moment is in its suction stroke. This has been achieved in that the outlet opening of the supply line and of the medium line are arranged in close vicinity of one another and in close vicinity of the suction opening of the combustion chamber formed by the inlet valve.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention hereinafter will be further described with reference to accompanying drawings, which show some embodiments. Fig. 1 shows a vertical section which through a portion of the cylinder head at an inlet valve of a combustion engine. Fig. 2 is a section along line II-II in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3-6 show in bigger scale, sections through different embodiments of the front end portion of the supply line.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
In fig. 1 and 2 11 denotes a cylinder head of a combustion engine, 12 an inlet channel of the combustion chamber 13 of the engine cylinder and an inlet valve 14, which cooperates with a valve seat 15. 16 denotes the exhaust channel of the cylinder and 17 the outlet valve.
Through a bore 18 in the inlet channel 12 is introduced in the cylinder head 11 a supply line 19 for a fluid, e.g. water, which e.g. may be admixed with an antifreezing agent. The supply line 19 is surrounded by and spaced from a second line 20 for a gaseous medium, which has a pressure deviating from the pressure prevailing at the orifice 21 of the supply line, which is situated in close vicinity of the inlet valve 14, but which could possible open directly in the combustion chambers of the engine. The medium may be atmospheric air, in whichs case the line 20 is arranged thus that it communicates with the atmosphere outside the engine block. The medium may also be engine exhaust gases which under pressure are pressed through the medium line 20. The medium can also be a pressurized gas, e.g. a small amount of air taken from a turbo charger.
As can be seen from Figs 3 - 6 the end portions of the two lines 19 and 20 can be designed in different manners.
One of the lines is preferably provided inside the other line in such a way that an annular channel is formed for the fluid and the medium, resp. It has proven itself that the shape of the mouthpiece is of great importance for the atomization of the fluid in the medium, and for this purpose it may be feasible to design the mouthpiece as shown in Fig. 3, i.e. where the common outlet opening 22 of the supply line 19 and the medium line 20 has a smaller diameter than the inner opening 24 of the supply line 19.
For some applications it may be satisfactory that the fluid or the fluid droplets are carried along by the passing gas flow and in such cases the embodiment shown in fig. 4 may be used, where the orifice 24 of the supply line is axially displaced in relation to the orifice of the medium line 20. It thus may be situated outside the orifice 22 of the medium line, but it also can be positioned inside said orifice.
In Fig. 5 is shown a modification of the end portions shown in Fig. 3. which end portion is provided with a flanged out opening 22, in order to control the dispersion after the constricted passage, in which an efficient admixing of the fluid in the medium takes place.
In some applications it is desireable to add other fuels to the ordinary fuel, for example ethanol, and this fuel quantity may e.g. be supplied through a line 23 positioned outside thesupply line 19, but inside the medium line 20, as shown in fig. 6.
The flow control of the fuel is carried through with a dosing device at a distance from the combustion chamber sufficient not to influence the flow control device. As a result of this the demands on the flow control device are reduced whereby the conventional fuel valve can be disposed of, when the pressure at the orifice of the supply line varies less than in the inlet manifold. As the fluid is supplied under almost pressure-less condition and in very small amounts, the gas stream is necessary for carrying along and atomizating the fluid, whereby also the spray pattern can be varied automatically in accordance with the engine load.
The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown but a plurality of variations are possible within the claims. It is thus possible that more than one supply line with surronding medium line 20 is provided for each cylinder, whereby the single supply line can be the ordinary fuel line for each cylinder. The location of the supply line can be made in any optimal position, even e.g. in an intermediate flange betwen the engine block and the inlet manifold, whereas the position of the orifice is of big importance such as also shown in our older Swedish patent No 8106113.

Claims

1. A device at internal combustion engines with an inlet valve (14) in the inlet port (12), and which device is of the type incorporating means for supplying at least one fluid, which can be the fuel for running the engine or a fluid other than the fuel, and which means consists of a supply line (19), the mouthpiece (21) of which is directed towards the combustion chamber (13), whereby at least the portion around the outlet opening (24) of the supply line (19) is surrounded by a line (20), for a gaseous medium, having a pressure different from that prevailing outside the mouthpiece (21), c h a r a c t e r i z e d t h e r e i n, that the outlet opening (22,24) of the supply line (19) and of the medium line (20) are arranged in close vicinity of one another and in close vicinity of the suction opening of the combustion chamber (13) formed by the inlet valve (14).
2. Device according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d t h e r e i n, that the medium line (20) is arranged to communicate with the atmosphere.
3. Device according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d t h e r e i n, that the medium line (20) is connected to the exhaust port of the engine or the like.
4. Device according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d t h e r e i n, that the medium line (20) is connected to a compressor or the like.
5. Device according to any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d t h e r e i n, that the supply line (19) and the medium line (20) has a common outlet opening (22) of smaller width than the width of the orifice of the supply line (19).
6. Device according to one/more of claims 1 - 4, c h a r a c t e r i z e d t h e r e i n, that the orifice of the supply line (19) is axially offset relative to the orifice of the medium line (20).
7. Device according to one/more of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d t h e r e i n, that the fluid consists of a plurality of separate part fluids which each for itself, via one line (19,23) each are supplied to the combustion chamer of the engine, and which fluid lines are connected together to said medium via a medium line (20).
PCT/SE1987/000477 1986-10-20 1987-10-19 Device at internal combustion engines WO1988002815A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1019880700702A KR880701830A (en) 1986-10-20 1987-10-19 Fluid supply device of internal combustion engine
BR8707858A BR8707858A (en) 1986-10-20 1987-10-19 DEVICE ON INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
DK322388A DK322388A (en) 1986-10-20 1988-06-14 DEVICE OF COMBUSTION ENGINE
NO882603A NO882603L (en) 1986-10-20 1988-06-14 COMBUSTION ENGINE DEVICE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8604448-4 1986-10-20
SE8604448A SE8604448D0 (en) 1986-10-20 1986-10-20 DEVICE FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1988002815A1 true WO1988002815A1 (en) 1988-04-21

Family

ID=20365990

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1987/000477 WO1988002815A1 (en) 1986-10-20 1987-10-19 Device at internal combustion engines

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4969446A (en)
EP (1) EP0414669A1 (en)
KR (1) KR880701830A (en)
AU (1) AU8156087A (en)
BR (1) BR8707858A (en)
DK (1) DK322388A (en)
SE (1) SE8604448D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1988002815A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0480329A1 (en) * 1990-10-12 1992-04-15 Coltec Industries Inc System and apparatus to improved atomization of injected fuel
EP0586891A1 (en) * 1992-09-10 1994-03-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Injection device for an internal combustion engine

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3930243A1 (en) * 1989-09-11 1991-03-14 Bosch Gmbh Robert INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
JPH04171259A (en) * 1990-11-05 1992-06-18 Hitachi Ltd Exhaust gas reflux quantity controller
JPH0681719A (en) * 1992-08-31 1994-03-22 Hitachi Ltd Intake device of internal combustion engine
USRE37269E1 (en) * 1992-08-31 2001-07-10 Hitachi, Ltd. Air intake arrangement for internal combustion engine
US5458095A (en) * 1993-09-15 1995-10-17 Energy Reductions Systems, Inc. Air pump-assisted hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell for use with internal combustion engine
DE19712357B4 (en) * 1997-03-25 2004-05-06 Harald Echtle Method for mixture formation in a direct injection internal combustion engine
US6609499B2 (en) * 2001-11-08 2003-08-26 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Gaseous-fuel injection system and method
DE10210971A1 (en) * 2002-03-13 2003-09-25 Daimler Chrysler Ag Device for exhaust gas recirculation
EP2441941A3 (en) * 2010-10-12 2013-09-18 Alfred Trzmiel Combustion engine and retrofit/conversion set for such a combustion engine
KR101198805B1 (en) * 2010-12-02 2012-11-07 현대자동차주식회사 Injector for vehicle
KR101776335B1 (en) * 2011-12-09 2017-09-08 현대자동차주식회사 Independent fuel injecting system of Compressed Natural Gas engine
RU2553479C1 (en) * 2014-08-08 2015-06-20 Российская Федерация, От Имени Которой Выступает Министерство Промышленности И Торговли Российской Федерации Device for feeding gaseous fuel to engine
KR20200119984A (en) * 2019-04-11 2020-10-21 현대자동차주식회사 Engine and control method thereof

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DE1933514A1 (en) * 1968-07-04 1970-01-08 Brico Eng Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines
DE2831694A1 (en) * 1978-07-19 1980-01-31 Walter Franke INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND INTERMEDIATE FLANGE FOR SUCH A
DE2937849A1 (en) * 1979-09-19 1981-04-02 Franke, Walter, 2105 Seevetal COMBUSTION ENGINE
DE3111629A1 (en) * 1981-03-25 1982-12-02 Walter 2105 Seevetal Franke Internal combustion engine
WO1983001486A1 (en) * 1981-10-16 1983-04-28 Olsson, John A method of running an internal combustion engine with alternative fuels and an internal combustion engine for alternative fuels
EP0124693A1 (en) * 1983-03-12 1984-11-14 Forschungsgesellschaft für Energietechnik und Verbrennungsmotoren mbH Method for introducing a liquid medium into the working chamber of an internal-combustion engine

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FR2120333A6 (en) * 1970-05-08 1972-08-18 Laprade Usines Sa
DE2936426A1 (en) * 1979-09-08 1981-04-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart FUEL INJECTION VALVE
DE3013086A1 (en) * 1980-04-03 1981-10-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart FUEL INJECTION VALVE
DE3033644A1 (en) * 1980-09-06 1982-04-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM
US4465050A (en) * 1981-05-19 1984-08-14 Nippon Soken, Inc. Device for atomizing the fuel for an internal-combustion engine
DE3234829A1 (en) * 1982-09-21 1984-03-22 Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., 5000 Köln INJECTION DEVICE FOR A DIESEL ENGINE
DE3631474A1 (en) * 1985-09-17 1987-03-26 Mazda Motor INTAKE SYSTEM FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1933514A1 (en) * 1968-07-04 1970-01-08 Brico Eng Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines
DE2831694A1 (en) * 1978-07-19 1980-01-31 Walter Franke INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND INTERMEDIATE FLANGE FOR SUCH A
DE2937849A1 (en) * 1979-09-19 1981-04-02 Franke, Walter, 2105 Seevetal COMBUSTION ENGINE
DE3111629A1 (en) * 1981-03-25 1982-12-02 Walter 2105 Seevetal Franke Internal combustion engine
WO1983001486A1 (en) * 1981-10-16 1983-04-28 Olsson, John A method of running an internal combustion engine with alternative fuels and an internal combustion engine for alternative fuels
EP0124693A1 (en) * 1983-03-12 1984-11-14 Forschungsgesellschaft für Energietechnik und Verbrennungsmotoren mbH Method for introducing a liquid medium into the working chamber of an internal-combustion engine

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0480329A1 (en) * 1990-10-12 1992-04-15 Coltec Industries Inc System and apparatus to improved atomization of injected fuel
EP0586891A1 (en) * 1992-09-10 1994-03-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Injection device for an internal combustion engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK322388D0 (en) 1988-06-14
KR880701830A (en) 1988-11-05
DK322388A (en) 1988-08-16
SE8604448D0 (en) 1986-10-20
AU8156087A (en) 1988-05-06
US4969446A (en) 1990-11-13
BR8707858A (en) 1989-10-03
EP0414669A1 (en) 1991-03-06

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