WO1983001337A1 - Metal screen for a power cable - Google Patents

Metal screen for a power cable Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1983001337A1
WO1983001337A1 PCT/SE1982/000292 SE8200292W WO8301337A1 WO 1983001337 A1 WO1983001337 A1 WO 1983001337A1 SE 8200292 W SE8200292 W SE 8200292W WO 8301337 A1 WO8301337 A1 WO 8301337A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
screen
cores
cable
wires
screening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SE1982/000292
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
L M Ericsson Telefonaktiebolaget
Sven Gunnar Wretemark
Rune Nils Axelsson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Original Assignee
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Priority to BR8207885A priority Critical patent/BR8207885A/en
Priority to DE8282902993T priority patent/DE3265626D1/en
Publication of WO1983001337A1 publication Critical patent/WO1983001337A1/en
Priority to FI831690A priority patent/FI72222C/en
Priority to NO83831960A priority patent/NO158973C/en
Priority to DK249283A priority patent/DK149375C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/02—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients
    • H01B9/027—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients composed of semi-conducting layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/02—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients
    • H01B9/025—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients composed of helicoidally wound wire-conductors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a metal screen for a power cable with a predetermined number of mutually twisted cable cores.
  • a power cable metal screen has the task of leading off the current passing through the insulation layers of the cable cores, and also to serve as a conductor for earth fault currents in operational disturbances such as dielec ⁇ tric breakdown in the cable insulation layers.
  • Such a screen usually consists of a plurality of metal wires or ribbons along the cable surface, but may also be a solid metal tube, e g of lead.
  • a metal screen e g built up from copper wires, generally has considerably less conductive area than the main or phase conductors in the cable. There are standards prescribing that the screening conductor shall have a given density or largest average opening in respect of the cable circumference. The number of wires in the screen will thus be minimized and the wire diameter relatively small, usually about 1 mm.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide a metal screen with which the risk of rupture is reduced simultaneously as good bending properties of the cable are .maintained. Another object is to provide a metal screen which is protected from corrosion. A third object is to provide a metal screen, which simplifies the manufacture of a screened power cable. This is achieved by the metal screen in accordance with the invention having been given the charac ⁇ terizing features disclosed in the claims.
  • Figure 1 is a cross section of a power cable with a first embodiment of the metal screen in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a power cable with a second embodiment of the metal screen in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 3 is a cross section of a power cable with a third embodiment of the metal screen in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 4 is- a cross section of a power cable with a fourth embodiment of the metal screen in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 1 A cross section of- a power cable with three cores is illustrated in Figure 1, each of the cores containing a conductor 1, e g of copper or aluminium, on which a semiconductive layer 2, e g of conductive plastics, has been extruded.
  • An insulating layer 3 is extruded on said layer 2, and a second semiconductive layer 4, e g of conductive plastics, is extruded on the insulation layer 3.
  • the cross section of each core is sector-shaped, and the three cores are laid in relation to each other such that their cylindrical backs face outwards to provide a substantially circular cross-sectional shape for the collected cores.
  • the screen 5 illustrated in Figure 1 includes a predetermined number of metal
  • the wires 7 may be bedded into a layer of a material which is preferably electrically conductive and protects the wires against corrosion.
  • the thickness of this layer exceeds by. some tenths of a millimeter the thickness of the wires.
  • the layer in which the wires 7 are embedded can be applied by direct extrusion in the cable-making machine shortly after the
  • the cores and associated screening wires are simultaneously twisted and laid in their final position.
  • the screening wires 7 will then be situated on the back of the respective core and at substantially uniform spacing.
  • the plastics jacket 6 is extruded on the outside of the screen 5 with the screen wires 7.
  • FIG. 15 A second embodiment of the metal screen in accordance with the invention is illustrated in Figure 2 for a cable of the same type as shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 1 may have certain practical disadvantages, e g during changing drums,
  • the cable includes three cores, as with the embodiment according to Figure 1, these cores being made up in the same way as those of Figure 1 with a conductor 1 surrounded, in
  • the screen comprises a separate screening ribbon 8 for each core, i e three screening ribbons 8 in the present case. These screening ribbons 8 are
  • FIG. 3 there is shown an embodiment of a cable with cores having circular cross section, as is the case with small cable dimensions.
  • the cores shown in Figure 3 are otherwise built up in the same way as those in Figure 1 and Figure 2, i e with a conductor 1, in order surrounded by a semiconductive layer 2, an insulating layer 3 and a further semiconductive layer 4.
  • the intermediate spaces between the cores must be filled out. This can be attained, for example, by the type of screening ribbon 8 shown in Figure 2, which has been thickened out along its edges in the manner shown in Figure 3.
  • the screening ribbons 8 shown in Figure 3 also include a predetermined number of screening wires 7, which have been embedded beforehand in a layer of material, e g conductive plastics or rubber.
  • the latter may be ' provided on their backs with longitudinal, parallel grooves 10 for accommodat ⁇ ing a predetermined number of mutually parallel wires 7 in a manner illustrated in Figure 4, the construction of the cores illustrated in Figure 4 otherwise corresponding to the construction of the cores in Figures 1 and 2, i e they include an inner conductor 1, in order surrounded by a semiconductive layer 2, an insulating layer 3 and an outer semiconductive layer 4, in which the grooves 10 are provided.
  • the cores with their respective screening wires 7 may be wound with a band or tape 9 before the jacket 6 is extruded onto the cable body.
  • the screen will also be able to function as a diffusion barrier against moisture in the surroundings.

Landscapes

  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)

Abstract

Blindage métallique pour un câble de puissance ayant un nombre prédéterminé de conducteurs isolés torsadés mutuellement (1, 2, 3, 4). Selon l'invention l'écran est constitué avec plusieurs rubans de blindage (8) correspondant au nombre de conducteurs isolés, chaque ruban comprenant au moins un élément métallique allongé (7) et s'étendant le long de son conducteur isolé torsadé associé.Metal shield for a power cable having a predetermined number of mutually twisted insulated conductors (1, 2, 3, 4). According to the invention, the screen is made up of several shielding tapes (8) corresponding to the number of insulated conductors, each tape comprising at least one elongated metallic element (7) and extending along its associated twisted insulated conductor.

Description

METAL SCREEN FOR A POWER CABLE
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a metal screen for a power cable with a predetermined number of mutually twisted cable cores.
BACKGROUND ART
A power cable metal screen has the task of leading off the current passing through the insulation layers of the cable cores, and also to serve as a conductor for earth fault currents in operational disturbances such as dielec¬ tric breakdown in the cable insulation layers. Such a screen usually consists of a plurality of metal wires or ribbons along the cable surface, but may also be a solid metal tube, e g of lead.
A metal screen, e g built up from copper wires, generally has considerably less conductive area than the main or phase conductors in the cable. There are standards prescribing that the screening conductor shall have a given density or largest average opening in respect of the cable circumference. The number of wires in the screen will thus be minimized and the wire diameter relatively small, usually about 1 mm.
The problem with small diameter screen wires is that, due to insignificant stiffness and high friction against their surroundings, they can easily be deformed in conjunction with reeling the cable on or off a drum. The stresses will be even greater in the bending tests, which shall be performed according to requirements prescribed by standard, and in which the cable is bent in diametrically opposite directions. No wire breakage or other serious damage may arise in such a case. As uniform a substructure as possible, as well as a sufficiently small pitch of the normally spirally wound screening wires, are measures which are usually sufficient to satisfy prescribed requirements. The uniformity of a cable body, e g built up from three cable cores, may be improved with the aid of filler profiles between the cores and/or bandaging round the three cores. This measure requires extra material, however. Similarly, reduced pitch also requires more metal for standard requirements
OMPI
" prescribed for the conductivity of the screen to be satisfied.
DISCLOSURE OF* INVENTION
One object of the present invention is to provide a metal screen with which the risk of rupture is reduced simultaneously as good bending properties of the cable are .maintained. Another object is to provide a metal screen which is protected from corrosion. A third object is to provide a metal screen, which simplifies the manufacture of a screened power cable. This is achieved by the metal screen in accordance with the invention having been given the charac¬ terizing features disclosed in the claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The invention will now be described below while referring to the appended drawings, on which Figure 1 is a cross section of a power cable with a first embodiment of the metal screen in accordance with the invention, Figure 2 is a perspective view of a power cable with a second embodiment of the metal screen in accordance with the invention, Figure 3 is a cross section of a power cable with a third embodiment of the metal screen in accordance with the invention and Figure 4 is- a cross section of a power cable with a fourth embodiment of the metal screen in accordance with the invention.
MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
A cross section of- a power cable with three cores is illustrated in Figure 1, each of the cores containing a conductor 1, e g of copper or aluminium, on which a semiconductive layer 2, e g of conductive plastics, has been extruded. An insulating layer 3 is extruded on said layer 2, and a second semiconductive layer 4, e g of conductive plastics, is extruded on the insulation layer 3. The cross section of each core is sector-shaped, and the three cores are laid in relation to each other such that their cylindrical backs face outwards to provide a substantially circular cross-sectional shape for the collected cores. Round the collected and twisted cores there is a first embodiment of a metal screen 5, in accordance with the invention, and on the screen 5 there is extruded a jacket 6, e g of plastics.
V/IfO The screen 5 illustrated in Figure 1 includes a predetermined number of metal
* wires 7, laid out in strip form on the back of the respective core and extending along the respective twisted core. So as to give the screen wires 7. a well defined location and to retain them in this position during movements and
5 bending of the cable, the wires 7 may be bedded into a layer of a material which is preferably electrically conductive and protects the wires against corrosion. The thickness of this layer exceeds by. some tenths of a millimeter the thickness of the wires. The layer in which the wires 7 are embedded can be applied by direct extrusion in the cable-making machine shortly after the
10 station where the cores and associated screening wires are simultaneously twisted and laid in their final position. The screening wires 7 will then be situated on the back of the respective core and at substantially uniform spacing. In a later production step, the plastics jacket 6 is extruded on the outside of the screen 5 with the screen wires 7.
15 A second embodiment of the metal screen in accordance with the invention is illustrated in Figure 2 for a cable of the same type as shown in Figure 1. The extrusion of the electrically conductive and corrosion-protecting layer for embedding- and fixing the screening wires 4, described -in conjunction with
Figure 1, may have certain practical disadvantages, e g during changing drums,
20 wire rupture etc, if the extrusion is carried out in the same process as drawing the cable. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2 the cable includes three cores, as with the embodiment according to Figure 1, these cores being made up in the same way as those of Figure 1 with a conductor 1 surrounded, in
. order, by a semiconductive layer 2, aa insulating layer 3 and a further
25 semiconductive layer 4. In the embodiment of the screen shown in Figure 2, the screen comprises a separate screening ribbon 8 for each core, i e three screening ribbons 8 in the present case. These screening ribbons 8 are
* manufactured beforehand and, as with the embodiment according to Figure 1, include a predetermined number of metal wires 7 arranged in parallel and
30 baked into a ribbon of electrically conductive, corrosion-protecting material, e g an electrically conductive rubber or plastics material. When putting the three cores together into a cable the three screening ribbons 8 are applied on the back of the respective core, the cable body built up in this way then being wound with a band 9, after which the cable body, as in Figure 1 is provided
35 with a jacket 6, e g of plastics. In Figure 3 there is shown an embodiment of a cable with cores having circular cross section, as is the case with small cable dimensions. The cores shown in Figure 3 are otherwise built up in the same way as those in Figure 1 and Figure 2, i e with a conductor 1, in order surrounded by a semiconductive layer 2, an insulating layer 3 and a further semiconductive layer 4. To obtain a circular cross section of a cable having the cores illustrated in Figure 3, the intermediate spaces between the cores must be filled out. This can be attained, for example, by the type of screening ribbon 8 shown in Figure 2, which has been thickened out along its edges in the manner shown in Figure 3. The screening ribbons 8 shown in Figure 3 also include a predetermined number of screening wires 7, which have been embedded beforehand in a layer of material, e g conductive plastics or rubber.
Instead of laying the screening wires 7 along the back of the respective "core as shown in Figure 1, and thereafter moulding the wires into a semiconductive material for fixing the wires in relation to the cores, the latter may be ' provided on their backs with longitudinal, parallel grooves 10 for accommodat¬ ing a predetermined number of mutually parallel wires 7 in a manner illustrated in Figure 4, the construction of the cores illustrated in Figure 4 otherwise corresponding to the construction of the cores in Figures 1 and 2, i e they include an inner conductor 1, in order surrounded by a semiconductive layer 2, an insulating layer 3 and an outer semiconductive layer 4, in which the grooves 10 are provided.
No filling between the wires 7 is required in the embodiment illustrated in Figure 4, unless it is desired to protect the wires, e g against corrosion. In the embodiments of the screen in accordance with the invention which have been illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the screening wires 7 have namely been protected against corrosion thanks to being embedded in the semiconductive rubber or plastics material.
• In order to fix the wires 7 against the respective core in the embodiment according to Figure 4, the cores with their respective screening wires 7 may be wound with a band or tape 9 before the jacket 6 is extruded onto the cable body.
OMPI In bending a cable with several cores laid twisted, e g according to Figure 2, the cores glide relative each other in such a way that due to bending there occurs a deficiency in the core length on the outer surface of the cable (outer curve) which is compensated by a corresponding excess on its inner surface (inner curve). This means that a surface element on the individual core is neither stretched nor compressed as a result of the bending. This situation is utilized for the metal screen in accordance with the present invention, the metal elements of which, extending thus along their associated twisted core, are not subjected to any tension or compression forces when the cable is bent.
Instead of using several mutually parallel metal wires, extending along their associated core, it is also possible to use a single metal ribbon per core, the width of this ribbon corresponding to the width of the back of the respective
• core, and which in the same way as the screening wires extends along its associated twisted core. With this embodiment of the screen, the screen will also be able to function as a diffusion barrier against moisture in the surroundings.

Claims

C L A I M S
1 A metal screen for an electric power cable with a predetermined number of mutually twisted cores (1, 2, 3, 4), characterized in that the screen (5, 8) is made up from a number of screening ribbons corresponding to the number of cores, each ribbon comprising a pre-manufactured ribbon (8) of rubber or plastics material, which is extruded round a predetermined number of mutually substantially parallel metal wires (7), said screening ribbons each engaging against the outside of its respective twisted core such that the parallel metal wires in the respective ribbon extend parallel to the centre line of its associated core.
2 A screen as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the rubber or plastics material is semiconductive.
3 A screen as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the edges of each pre-manufactured ribbon are thickened.
PCT/SE1982/000292 1981-10-02 1982-09-22 Metal screen for a power cable Ceased WO1983001337A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR8207885A BR8207885A (en) 1981-10-02 1982-09-22 METAL SHIELDING FOR AN ELECTRIC POWER CABLE
DE8282902993T DE3265626D1 (en) 1981-10-02 1982-09-22 Metal screen for a power cable
FI831690A FI72222C (en) 1981-10-02 1983-05-13 Metal screen for a strong current cable.
NO83831960A NO158973C (en) 1981-10-05 1983-05-31 METAL SCREEN FOR A STRONG POWER CABLE.
DK249283A DK149375C (en) 1981-10-02 1983-06-01 METAL SHIELD FOR A STRENGTH POWER CABLE

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8105835A SE455906B (en) 1981-10-02 1981-10-02 METAL SHIELD FOR A STRONG POWER CABLE
SE8105835.6811002 1981-10-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1983001337A1 true WO1983001337A1 (en) 1983-04-14

Family

ID=20344692

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1982/000292 Ceased WO1983001337A1 (en) 1981-10-02 1982-09-22 Metal screen for a power cable

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0089993B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS58501647A (en)
AU (1) AU551371B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8207885A (en)
DE (1) DE3265626D1 (en)
DK (1) DK149375C (en)
FI (1) FI72222C (en)
IT (1) IT1152869B (en)
SE (1) SE455906B (en)
WO (1) WO1983001337A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5778652A (en) * 1995-07-12 1998-07-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Cable with a sheath made of steel, and a method and apparatus for forming the cable

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2286827A (en) * 1940-09-24 1942-06-16 American Steel & Wire Co Electric cable and method of manufacture
GB647753A (en) * 1948-12-14 1950-12-20 Liverpool Electric Cable Compa Improvements in or relating to electric cables
DE815500C (en) * 1949-08-24 1951-10-01 Land Und Seekabelwerke A G Electrically conductive tape
DE824961C (en) * 1949-08-24 1951-12-17 Land Und Seekabelwerke A G Flexible electrical cable
DE848376C (en) * 1950-04-23 1952-09-04 Land Und Seekabelwerke Ag Flexible electrical cable
DE857512C (en) * 1951-03-13 1952-12-01 Felten & Guilleaume Carlswerk Electrically conductive tape for cable technology
CH502681A (en) * 1969-01-15 1971-01-31 Ver Draht & Kabelwerke Ag Power cable with concentric conductor and process for its manufacture
DE2045975A1 (en) * 1970-09-17 1972-03-23 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh High-voltage cable with shielding arranged over the radiation protection
DE2247198A1 (en) * 1972-09-22 1974-03-28 Siemens Ag MULTI-WIRE POWER CABLE WITH SINGLE-WIRE SHIELD
US4157452A (en) * 1976-08-30 1979-06-05 Industrie Pirelli Societa Per Azioni Electric power cable with improved screen and method of manufacture thereof

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5333882B1 (en) * 1968-02-02 1978-09-18

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2286827A (en) * 1940-09-24 1942-06-16 American Steel & Wire Co Electric cable and method of manufacture
GB647753A (en) * 1948-12-14 1950-12-20 Liverpool Electric Cable Compa Improvements in or relating to electric cables
DE815500C (en) * 1949-08-24 1951-10-01 Land Und Seekabelwerke A G Electrically conductive tape
DE824961C (en) * 1949-08-24 1951-12-17 Land Und Seekabelwerke A G Flexible electrical cable
DE848376C (en) * 1950-04-23 1952-09-04 Land Und Seekabelwerke Ag Flexible electrical cable
DE857512C (en) * 1951-03-13 1952-12-01 Felten & Guilleaume Carlswerk Electrically conductive tape for cable technology
CH502681A (en) * 1969-01-15 1971-01-31 Ver Draht & Kabelwerke Ag Power cable with concentric conductor and process for its manufacture
DE2045975A1 (en) * 1970-09-17 1972-03-23 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh High-voltage cable with shielding arranged over the radiation protection
DE2247198A1 (en) * 1972-09-22 1974-03-28 Siemens Ag MULTI-WIRE POWER CABLE WITH SINGLE-WIRE SHIELD
US4157452A (en) * 1976-08-30 1979-06-05 Industrie Pirelli Societa Per Azioni Electric power cable with improved screen and method of manufacture thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5778652A (en) * 1995-07-12 1998-07-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Cable with a sheath made of steel, and a method and apparatus for forming the cable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI831690A0 (en) 1983-05-13
FI72222B (en) 1986-12-31
IT1152869B (en) 1987-01-14
IT8223574A0 (en) 1982-10-01
AU551371B2 (en) 1986-04-24
EP0089993A1 (en) 1983-10-05
DK249283D0 (en) 1983-06-01
DK149375C (en) 1987-01-19
DK249283A (en) 1983-06-01
AU8956782A (en) 1983-04-27
FI72222C (en) 1987-04-13
EP0089993B1 (en) 1985-08-21
JPH0241843B2 (en) 1990-09-19
SE455906B (en) 1988-08-15
DK149375B (en) 1986-05-20
SE8105835L (en) 1983-04-03
BR8207885A (en) 1983-08-30
DE3265626D1 (en) 1985-09-26
FI831690L (en) 1983-05-13
JPS58501647A (en) 1983-09-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3351706A (en) Spaced helically wound cable
US4081602A (en) Self-supporting cable
US4785138A (en) Electric cable for use as phase winding for linear motors
US3927247A (en) Shielded coaxial cable
US3474189A (en) Electric power cable
EP2641250B1 (en) Electric sector cable
EP0234521A2 (en) Electric cable with improved screen and process for constructing said screen
US3681514A (en) Electrical cable
CN101536118B (en) High voltage cable
US3843830A (en) Electric cable with corrugated sheath and semi-conductive protective layer between the sheath and the core
JPS6246927B2 (en)
RU98121005A (en) SELF-SUPPORTED CABLE AND METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURE
US2886631A (en) Multi-conductor electric power cables
CA1217534A (en) Oil-filled, multi-core cable with at least one conductor differing from others
WO1983001337A1 (en) Metal screen for a power cable
FI69529C (en) FLERLEDARSTARKSTROEMSKABEL OCH DESS FRAMSTAELLNINGSFOERFARANDE
JPS59148210A (en) High voltage power cable
EP0784327A1 (en) Transmission line cable
US3582417A (en) Method of making electric power cable
GB2061597A (en) Moisture-proof electric cable
JP2585591B2 (en) Optical fiber composite single core power cable
EP0848388B1 (en) Screened cable
US10839986B2 (en) Electrical conductor comprised of solid segments
FI72221B (en) FLEXIBLE ELKABLAR MED KORRUGERAD ISOLERING OCH DERAS FRAMSTAELLNING
US4101728A (en) Gas insulated high voltage cable

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Designated state(s): AU BR DK FI JP NO

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Designated state(s): DE FR GB

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1982902993

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 831690

Country of ref document: FI

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1982902993

Country of ref document: EP

WWG Wipo information: grant in national office

Ref document number: 1982902993

Country of ref document: EP

WWG Wipo information: grant in national office

Ref document number: 831690

Country of ref document: FI