WO1983000446A1 - Method, devices and application for producing emulsions by ultra sonic whistles - Google Patents

Method, devices and application for producing emulsions by ultra sonic whistles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1983000446A1
WO1983000446A1 PCT/EP1981/000106 EP8100106W WO8300446A1 WO 1983000446 A1 WO1983000446 A1 WO 1983000446A1 EP 8100106 W EP8100106 W EP 8100106W WO 8300446 A1 WO8300446 A1 WO 8300446A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
conduit
liquid
block
conduits
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1981/000106
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Handels- Und Finanzanstalt Asaver
Original Assignee
SCHAUFFLER, Noël (deceased)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SCHAUFFLER, Noël (deceased) filed Critical SCHAUFFLER, Noël (deceased)
Priority to DE8181902306T priority Critical patent/DE3169678D1/en
Priority to AU74554/81A priority patent/AU7455481A/en
Priority to AT81902306T priority patent/ATE12462T1/en
Priority to EP81902306A priority patent/EP0084026B1/en
Priority to PCT/EP1981/000106 priority patent/WO1983000446A1/en
Publication of WO1983000446A1 publication Critical patent/WO1983000446A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
    • F23K5/08—Preparation of fuel
    • F23K5/10—Mixing with other fluids
    • F23K5/12—Preparing emulsions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F31/00—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms
    • B01F31/80—Mixing by means of high-frequency vibrations above one kHz, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations
    • B01F31/81—Mixing by means of high-frequency vibrations above one kHz, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations by vibrations generated inside a mixing device not coming from an external drive, e.g. by the flow of material causing a knife to vibrate or by vibrating nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
    • B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
    • B05B17/0692—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by a fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K5/00—Whistles
    • G10K5/02—Ultrasonic whistles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and devices for producing emulsions by ultrasonic whistles.
  • the technical sector of the invention is that of the construction of ultrasonic fluid mixing apparatuses for the purpose of obtaining emulsions or suspensions of a fluid, liquid or gaseous, in a liquid.
  • ultrasonic fluid mixing apparatuses for the purpose of obtaining emulsions or suspensions of a fluid, liquid or gaseous, in a liquid.
  • the finer the emulsion the larger the surface of the contact interface between the two fluids for the same unit volume, which has the effect of facilitating many chemical or combustion reactions.
  • Devices have already been constructed composed of ultrasonic whistles of the Galton whistle type, or Hartmann whistles or whirlpool whistles, in which a fluid circulates at high speed in a nozzle or in a nozzle with converging or conical walls.
  • ultrasonic devices composed of an assembly of identical elementary cells grouped by stacking along a common axis.
  • These assemblies include active plates comprising cutouts which draw one or more elementary whistles, which plates are interposed between passive plates comprising only circular cutouts which determine channels by overlapping.
  • Such ultrasound generators are described for example in patent FR 1,195,258 and certificate of addition No. 74,217 (J.P. BLANCHARD), in patent FR 1,377,577 (S.E.U.D.I.A.) and in patent FR. 1,489,704 (STIN).
  • One objective of the present invention is to improve this type of generator apparatus 1 emulsions and in particular to facilitate the machining of parts used in the manufacture of these devices as well as replaces] used parts.
  • Another objective is to provide emulsifying devices making it possible to vary the fineness of the emulsions within significant limits without varying the pressure of the fluids emulsified.
  • the invention implements a method for producing an emulsion of a fluid, gaseous or liquid, and of a liquid according to which, in known manner, the fluid to be emulsified is injected, under pressure, into a conduit in which the liquid circulates under a pressure lower than that due to fluid, this injection taking place through ultrasonic whistles which open into said conduit through a slot.
  • the objectives of the invention are achieved by a process according to which the size of the particles suspended in the emulsion is varied by 'varying the width of the slit, the pressure of the fluid and of the liquid remaining constant.
  • a device comprises at least two parallel cylindrical conduits, a first conduit in which said fluid circulates under pressure and a second conduit in which said liquid circulates under a pressure lower than that of said fluid, which conduits communicate with each other by nozzles through which flows said fluid and which constitute ultrasonic whistles and said conduits communicate with each other by a corridor which extends over the entire length of the two conduits and which is delimited by two walls parallel to the generatrices of the two conduits which converge ⁇ gent towards each other going towards the second conduit where they are separated by a narrow slot and the device has, moreover, means for varying the width of said slot, so that said fluid which flows through said corridor producing ultrasound is divided into particles which are suspended in said liquid and by varying the width of the slot, the diameter of these particles is varied, the pressures of the fluid and of the liquid remaining constant.
  • a device comprises a third cylindrical conduit disposed between the first and the second conduit comprising a longitudinal opening over its entire height by which it communicates with the second conduit and said corridor opens into said opening tangentially to the third. leads me, so that the fluid which leaves said passage through said narrow slot, swirls in this third conduit which acts as a resonance cavity, then escapes towards the second conduit through said opening by cutting the jet of fluid leaving said corridor.
  • the body of a device comprises a first rectangular block, over the entire height of which is hollowed out a cavity which opens onto one of the side faces of said block and whose side walls comprise several cylindrical grooves parallel and said body comprises a second parallelepiped block which is assembled against said lateral face of the first block and which carries over its entire height at least one bevelled blade, made of a corrosion-resistant material, which engages in said cavity and which is machined with great precision along a horizontal profile yes cooperates with the horizontal section of said grooves and which delimits therewith at least three cylindrical conduits as well as a vertical opening which makes two conduits communicate with each other and a shaped corridor converging which leaves the first conduit and which opens into said opening through a slot.
  • the beveled blades are each mounted on a movable block which slides between the side walls of said cavity which guide said movable block and each of said movable blocks has a threaded bore in which a micrometric screw is screwed which allows moving said block to vary the width of the slot.
  • the invention results in novel means for producing industrially and continuously emulsions or suspensions of a fluid and a liquid.
  • the suspended fluid can be a gas or a liquid immiscible with the other liquid.
  • the methods and devices according to the invention have the advantage of making it possible to vary very easily the diameter of the particles in suspension, within a wide range, by using only mechanical displacement means, without having varying the pressure of the fluid or liquid.
  • the inventors have discovered that the diameter of the particles in suspension varies as a function of the width of the slit according to a well-defined continuous law which can be established experimentally for each pair of fluid and liquid, which makes it possible to obtain a fineness d well defined emulsion.
  • the fineness of the emulsion can be varied to find the emulsion which leads to the best results.
  • Another advantage of the emulsifying devices according to the invention lies in the fact that the parts which constitute the walls of the ultrasonic whistles are inserts which can be machined separately with very high precision in a metal to be welded, which resists abrasion, for example of tungsten carbide, which is an expensive and difficult-to-machine metal, which makes it possible to reduce the expense of material and machining and to replace only the parts exposed to wear by the current of fluid to high speed which " circulates in the whistles.
  • the structure of the apparatus according to the invention which comprises a single slot over the entire height of the apparatus, makes it possible to reduce the number of machining operations and above all obtain a slit including constructive-r - ⁇ r the edges are perfectly rectilinear and parallel and whose width is constant, which makes it possible to obtain over the entire height of the whistle ultrasonic frequencies which remain inside the same narrow band.
  • the devices according to the invention can find applications in all cases where it is necessary or advantageous to produce an emulsion or a sus ⁇ pension of a fluid in a liquid.
  • a liquid fuel for example before entering a burner or an internal combustion engine
  • acid or basic bitumen emulsions used for road surfaces the production of edible oil emulsions and a gas, for example hydrogen, oxygen or water vapor, to purify the oil or to modify its composition, the saponification of the fatty substances which are first emulsified with steam, then mixed with alkaline solutions, etc.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of an emulsifier block according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a horizontal section with a detachment according to II-II of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a view on a larger scale of a detail of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the law of variation, at constant pressure, of the diameter of the emulsified particles, as a function of the width of the slot of a generator according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 represents an example of application of a device according to the invention as a fuel-saving corm on a boiler.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded view of a foam concentrate device according to the invention.
  • This device comprises a body made up of several parallelelse- ⁇ pedic blocks between them in a precisely adjusted way.
  • the apparatus shown by way of example in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, comprises two parts symmetrical with respect to a median plane PP '. It is specified that a device according to the invention may not have two symmetrical halves as in the example illustrated.
  • the apparatus shown in Figures 1 to 3 comprises a central block 1 over the entire height of which a cavity 2 is hollowed out.
  • the cavity 2 opens onto one of the side faces 1a of the block 1.
  • the side walls of the cavity 2 comprise, over their entire height, a pair of cylindrical grooves 3 and 4 and a pair of grooves 3a and 4a symmetrical with respect to the plane PP *.
  • these grooves have the shape of open channels whose cross section is a portion of a circle.
  • the grooves 3 and 3a have the shape of about 3/4 of a circle, while the cavities 4 and 4a have a cross section which draws an almost complete circle with the exception of an opening 5.
  • the wall of the cavity 2 comprises an interchangeable wear part 6, 6a which is for example a strip of an abrasion resistant material, for example of tungsten carbide, which is fixed to the block 1 for example by a dovetail assembly visible in Figure 2 or by any other equivalent means.
  • an interchangeable wear part 6, 6a which is for example a strip of an abrasion resistant material, for example of tungsten carbide, which is fixed to the block 1 for example by a dovetail assembly visible in Figure 2 or by any other equivalent means.
  • the wall of the cavity 2 has for example the shape of an arc of a circle 7 symmetrical with respect to the plane PP '.
  • This circular arc can be replaced by a flat wall perpendicular to the plane PP '.
  • the cavity 2 is further delimited by two planes 8 and 8a, symmetrical with respect to the plane PP 'and perpendicular to the wall la, which serve to guide the sliding part 9 which engages in the cavity 2.
  • the body of the device co ⁇ voorte a second rectangular block 10, which is fixed for example by bolts 11, or by any other equivalent means, against the face of the block 1.
  • the block 10 carries on its face 10b, which is applied against the face, a piece Eobile-4 ⁇ which is a wearing part made of an extra-hard material, resistant to abrasion, for example tungsten carbide or ceramic or any other equivalent material.
  • the part 9 is preferably divided into two independent parts 9a and 9b which are symmetrical with respect to the plane PP '.
  • Each of the parts 9a and 9b has a threaded bore 12 and 12a, into which a micrometric screw 13 and 13a which screws through the block 10 and which carries a knurled head 14 and 14a allowing it to be maneuvered.
  • the operation of the micrometric screws makes it possible to move the part 9 or the parts 9a and 9b inside the cavity 2.
  • micrometric screws can be replaced by any other equivalent means making it possible to move the parts 9a and 9b in the cavity 2.
  • the parts 9a and 9b each comprise a blade 15 and 15a cut in a bevel with curved sides and machined with very high precision of the order of 0.01 mm.
  • the parts 9a and 9b each have a flat lateral face 16 and 16a which is machined with precision to come to engage with gentle friction between the planes 8 and 8a.
  • the external flanks of the blades 15 and 15a each comprise a portion of an arc 17 and 17a of the order of a quarter circle having the same radius as the circular sections of the grooves 3 and 3a.
  • the circular arcs 17 and 17a are extended to the point by a plane 18, 18a tangent to the circular arc.
  • the profile in horizontal section has the shape of an arc 19, symmetrical with respect to the plane PP ', the concavity of which is directed towards the interior of the cavity 2.
  • each of the planes 18 and 18a delimits, with the external face of the wearing parts 6 and 6a, a vertical corridor 20, 20a which leaves tangentially at the periphery of channels 3 and 3a.
  • the external faces of the wearing parts 6 and 6a are substantially radial with respect to the circles 3 and 3a, while the planes 18 and 18a are tangential.
  • the side walls of the corridors 20 and 20a converge towards one another and are separated at their end by a very narrow vertical slot 21, 21a, which extends over the entire height of the block 1.
  • the figure 3 represents, on a larger scale, the relative position of a blade 15 relative to the cannelu ⁇ res 3 and 4 dug in the block 1.
  • the corridor 20 delimited by two side walls, one fixed, constituted by the external face of the wearing part 6 and the other mobile, constituted by the plane 18.
  • the fluid which arrives through the conduit 3 flows at supersonic speed through the slot 21, producing ultrasound.
  • the path followed by the fluid which may be a gas or a liquid mixed with a carrier gas, has been represented by arrows.
  • the two walls of the ultrasonic whistle are constituted by interchangeable wear parts and easy to machine with great precision, since they are separated from the body of the device.
  • the geometry of the wear part 6 and the groove 4 are such that the jet leaving the slot 21 tangentially enters the channel 4 through the opening 5 and it rotates at high speed around the cavity to come out through the opening 5 and enter the central duct 25 which is delimited by arches 7 and 19.
  • the cavity 4 constitutes a resonance chamber which has the effect of amplifying the vibrations, the period of which corresponds to the time that the jet takes to go around the cavity 4 and to intersect the jet leaving the slot 21. .--, .T -— r-- It can be seen in FIG. 3 that, depending on the position of the movable part 9a, the arc 17 has a slight detachment 22 relative to the wall of the groove 3. This unhinged ent has no influence on the operation because the tangential components of the speed of the fluid in the conduit 3 are small.
  • the body of the apparatus further comprises a cover 23 which is also a parallelepipedal block which is fixed against the end face 1b of block 1, for example by a tail assembly dovetail 24 or by any other equivalent fixing means.
  • the block 23 comprises a central vertical duct 26 which comes into alignment above the central duct
  • the duct 26 is connected to a duct 27 for the arrival of pressurized liquid, for example a duct for liquid fuel in a particular application where an apparatus according to the invention is used for mixing liquid fuel to combustion air before entering a burner.
  • the cover block 23 also includes two conduits 28 and 28a which are placed in alignment with the grooves 3 and 3a, with which they communicate. Conduits 28 and 28a are connected to arrivals
  • 29 and 29a of compressed fluid which can be a ga ⁇ zous fluid or a liquid mixed with a carrier gas.
  • the conduits 29 and 29a supply the combustion air. This fluid is under a higher pressure than that of the liquid admitted into line 27.
  • the body of the device further comprises a fourth rectangular block 30 which serves as a base or bottom.
  • This block is fixed to the end wall opposite to the wall 1b, for example by an aron-tail assembly of 31 or by any other equivalent means.
  • the block 30 comprises a central duct 32 which is placed in alignment with the central duct 25 with which it communicates.
  • the conduit 32 has the shape of a conical nozzle which converges towards a conduit 33 for emulsion outlet. This preferably, as seen in Figure 1, the conduit 32 has at the periphery of its upper edge, two circular cavities 34 and 34a which are positioned in alignment with the grooves 4 and 4a.
  • the cover 23 may further comprise two conduits which pass right through it to end at the upper end of the grooves 4 and 4a and which make it possible to inject addition products, for example stabilizers for an emulsion.
  • an apparatus according to FIG. 1, which comprises two fluid inlets 29 and 29a, makes it possible to inject therein, two different fluids and to obtain a double emulsion of two fluids in the same liquid.
  • the operation of an apparatus according to the invention is as follows.
  • the pressurized fluids which enter the apparatus through the conduits 29 and 29a pass through the conduits 3 and 3a, from where they exit at high speed by the ultrasonic whistles, constituted by the converging wall corridors 20 and 20a.
  • the jets of fluid leaving the whistles swirl in the circular conduits 4 and 4a and arrive in the central conduit 25 where a liquid circulates which enters the device through the conduit 27.
  • the pressure of the liquid is lower than that of the fluid , the pressure of which exceeds that of the liquid, for example by 5 bars.
  • the fluid is sprayed by the ultrasonic jet into very fine particles which are suspended in the liquid.
  • FIG. 4 represents diagrams which have been drawn up experimentally.
  • the particle diameter is 2 ⁇ and the frequency of 7000 Hz.
  • the diameter of particles is 0.1 ⁇ and the frequency of 9000 Hz.
  • the diameter of the particles is 0.05 u and the frequency of 1400 Hz.
  • the curve in solid lines corresponds to another set of measures.
  • the variations in the diameter of the particles as a function of the width of the slit are substantially linear for slit widths between 0.1 mm and 1 mm which is the useful range, which makes it possible to vary the fineness of the emulsion very quickly by mechanical adjustments and to obtain a fineness of emulsion determined by acting on the micrometric screws 14 and 14a.
  • the device according to FIGS. 1 and 2 which comprises two blades 15 and 15a which can be moved separately makes it possible to fix two different widths for the slots 21 and 21a and to obtain an emulsion comprising particles in suspension having two different dimensions.
  • the devices according to the invention can be used for many industrial applications whose exhaustive enumeration is not possible.
  • a liquid fuel for example fuel oil or petrol
  • an oxidizing gas which mixture is produced in the form of a very fine emulsion by passage through a device according to the invention which is arranged upstream of a burner or on the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine.
  • FIG. 5 represents an example of use of a device 35 according to the invention.
  • Reference 36 represents a domestic boiler equipped with a burner 37 of liquid fuel.
  • the device 35 is arranged upstream of the burner and the emulsion leaving the device 35 directly feeds the burner rod.
  • Reference 38 represents an air compressor which sends compressed air, pj example under a pressure of 3 to 5 bars, towards the pipelines 29 and 29a for gas inlet into the device 35.
  • the reference 39 represents a pump which sends the liquid fuel in the pipe 27 for the liquid inlet into the foam concentrate 35.
  • a device according to the invention can find applications in all cases where it is advantageous to multiply the interfaces between two or more immiscible liquid phases or between gas phases and liquid phases in order to accelerate chemical reactions or interactions and / or physical between these phases.

Abstract

A device according to the invention comprises a first block (1) wherein a cavity (2) is arranged, said cavity being symmetric with respect to a plan PP' of which the side walls are provided with cylindrical grooves (3, 4, 3a, 4a, 7) and two planes (8 and 8a). It comprises a second block (10) which is fixed on the face (1a) of the block (1) and which carries moving parts (9a, 9b) mounted on micrometric screws (13, 13a). Said parts are made of an extra-hard material and comprise whistle blades (15, 15a) which are machined with precision and which cooperate with the grooves to define the fluid injection conduits (3, 3a), resonance cavities (4, 4a), a central conduit wherein a liquid is circulated and whistles (20 and 20a). One application is the mixture of a liquid fuel and combustion air before admission into a burner.

Description

Procédé, dispositifs et application pour produire des émulsions par des sifflets à ultrasons. Method, devices and application for producing emulsions by ultrasonic whistles.
La présente invention a pour objet un procédé et des dispositifs pour produire des émulsions par des sifflets à ultrasons.The present invention relates to a method and devices for producing emulsions by ultrasonic whistles.
Le secteur technique de l'invention est celui de la construction des appareils à ultrasons de mélange de flui des en vue d'obtenir des émulsions ou des suspensions d'un fluide, liquide ou gazeux, dans un liquide. II existe de nombreuses applications dans les¬ quelles il est nécessaire ou avantageux de mélanger deux fluides non miscibles pour obtenir une ëmulsion la plus fine possible d'un gaz ou d'un liquide dans un second liquide. Plus l'émulsion est fine, plus la surface de l'in- terface de contact entre les deux fluides est grande pour un même volume unitaire, ce qui a pour effet de faciliter de nombreuses réactions chimiques ou de combustion.The technical sector of the invention is that of the construction of ultrasonic fluid mixing apparatuses for the purpose of obtaining emulsions or suspensions of a fluid, liquid or gaseous, in a liquid. There are many applications in which it is necessary or advantageous to mix two immiscible fluids to obtain the finest possible emulsion of a gas or a liquid in a second liquid. The finer the emulsion, the larger the surface of the contact interface between the two fluids for the same unit volume, which has the effect of facilitating many chemical or combustion reactions.
On a déjà construit des dispositifs composés de sifflets à ultrasons du type sifflet de Galton, ou sifflets de Hartmann ou encore sifflets à tourbillon, dans lesquels un fluide circule à grande vitesse dans un ajutage ou dans une tuyère à parois convergente ou coniques.Devices have already been constructed composed of ultrasonic whistles of the Galton whistle type, or Hartmann whistles or whirlpool whistles, in which a fluid circulates at high speed in a nozzle or in a nozzle with converging or conical walls.
Afin de faciliter la construction de dispositifs industriels capables d'émulsifier des débits de fluides importants, on a proposé de construire des dispositifs à ultrasons composés d'un assemblage de cellules élémentaires identiques groupées par empilement le long d'un axe commun. Ces assemblages comportent des plaques actives comportant des découpes qui dessinent un ou plusieurs sifflets êlémen- taires, lesquelles plaques sont intercalées entre des pla¬ ques passives comportant uniquement des découpes circulai¬ res qui déterminent des canaux en se superposant.In order to facilitate the construction of industrial devices capable of emulsifying large fluid flows, it has been proposed to construct ultrasonic devices composed of an assembly of identical elementary cells grouped by stacking along a common axis. These assemblies include active plates comprising cutouts which draw one or more elementary whistles, which plates are interposed between passive plates comprising only circular cutouts which determine channels by overlapping.
De tels générateurs d'ultrasons sont décrits par exemple dans le brevet FR 1 195 258 et certificat d'addition No. 74 217 (J.P. BLANCHARD) , dans le brevet FR 1 377 577 (S.E.U.D.I.A.) et dans le brevet FR. 1 489 704 (STIN) .Such ultrasound generators are described for example in patent FR 1,195,258 and certificate of addition No. 74,217 (J.P. BLANCHARD), in patent FR 1,377,577 (S.E.U.D.I.A.) and in patent FR. 1,489,704 (STIN).
Un des objectifs de la présente invention est de perfectionner ce type d'appareil générateur d1émulsions et notamment de faciliter l'usinage des pièces entrant dans la fabrication de ces appareils ainsi que le remplace] des pièces usagées.One objective of the present invention is to improve this type of generator apparatus 1 emulsions and in particular to facilitate the machining of parts used in the manufacture of these devices as well as replaces] used parts.
Un autre objectif est de procurer des appareils émulseurs permettant de faire varier dans des limites im- portantes la finesse des émulsions sans faire varier la pression des fluides mis en émulsion.Another objective is to provide emulsifying devices making it possible to vary the fineness of the emulsions within significant limits without varying the pressure of the fluids emulsified.
L'invention met en oeuvre un procédé pour produire une émulsion d'un fluide, gazeux ou liquide, et d'un liquide selon lequel, de façon connue, on injecte le fluide à êmulsionner, sous pression, dans un conduit dans lequel le liquide circule sous une pression inférieure à celle dû fluide, cette injection ayant lieu à travers des sifflets à ultrasons qui débouchent dans ledit conduit par une fente. Les objectifs de l'invention sont atteints par un procédé selon lequel on fait varier la dimension des parti¬ cules en suspension dans l'émulsion en 'faisant varier la largeur de la fente, la pression du fluide et du liquide restant constantes. Un dispositif selon l'invention comporte au moins deux conduits cylindriques parallèles, un premier conduit dans lequel ledit fluide circule sous pression et un deuxième conduit dans lequel ledit liquide circule sous une pression inférieure à celle dudit fluide, lesquels conduits communiquent entre eux par des ajutages à travers lesquels s'écoule ledit fluide et qui constituent des sifflets à ultrasons et lesdits conduits communiquent entre eux par un couloir qui s'étend sur toute la longueur des deux conduits et qui est délimité par deux parois parallèles aux génératrices des deux conduits qui conver¬ gent l'une vers l'autre en allant vers le deuxième conduit où elles sont séparées par une fente étroite et le dispo¬ sitif comporte, en outre, des moyens pour faire varier la largeur de ladite fente, de sorte que ledit fluide qui s'écoule à travers ledit couloir en produisant des ultrasons est divisé en particules qui sont mises en sus¬ pension dans ledit liquide et, en faisant varier la largeur de la fente, on fait varier le diamètre de ces particules, les pressions du fluide et du liquide restant constantes. Une des deux parois qui délimitent chacun des ..-—* couloirs est mobile et ledit dispositif comporte des moyens pour la déplacer afin de faire varier la largeur de la fente située à l'extrémité du couloir. De préférence, un dispositif selon l'invention comporte un troisième conduit cylindrique disposé entre le premier et le deuxième conduit comportant une ouver¬ ture longitudinale sur toute sa hauteur par laquelle il communique avec le deuxième conduit et ledit couloir débouche dans ladite ouverture tangentiellement au troisi me conduit, de sorte que le fluide qui sort dudit couloi par ladite fente étroite, tourbillonne dans ce troisième conduit qui fait fonction de cavité de résonance, puis s'échappe vers le deuxième conduit à travers ladite ou- verture en recoupant le jet de fluide sortant dudit couloir.The invention implements a method for producing an emulsion of a fluid, gaseous or liquid, and of a liquid according to which, in known manner, the fluid to be emulsified is injected, under pressure, into a conduit in which the liquid circulates under a pressure lower than that due to fluid, this injection taking place through ultrasonic whistles which open into said conduit through a slot. The objectives of the invention are achieved by a process according to which the size of the particles suspended in the emulsion is varied by 'varying the width of the slit, the pressure of the fluid and of the liquid remaining constant. A device according to the invention comprises at least two parallel cylindrical conduits, a first conduit in which said fluid circulates under pressure and a second conduit in which said liquid circulates under a pressure lower than that of said fluid, which conduits communicate with each other by nozzles through which flows said fluid and which constitute ultrasonic whistles and said conduits communicate with each other by a corridor which extends over the entire length of the two conduits and which is delimited by two walls parallel to the generatrices of the two conduits which converge ¬ gent towards each other going towards the second conduit where they are separated by a narrow slot and the device has, moreover, means for varying the width of said slot, so that said fluid which flows through said corridor producing ultrasound is divided into particles which are suspended in said liquid and by varying the width of the slot, the diameter of these particles is varied, the pressures of the fluid and of the liquid remaining constant. One of the two walls which delimit each of the ..-— * corridors is movable and said device comprises means for moving it in order to vary the width of the slot located at the end of the corridor. Preferably, a device according to the invention comprises a third cylindrical conduit disposed between the first and the second conduit comprising a longitudinal opening over its entire height by which it communicates with the second conduit and said corridor opens into said opening tangentially to the third. leads me, so that the fluid which leaves said passage through said narrow slot, swirls in this third conduit which acts as a resonance cavity, then escapes towards the second conduit through said opening by cutting the jet of fluid leaving said corridor.
Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel, le corps d'un dispositif selon l'invention comporte un premier bloc parallélépipédique, sur toute la hauteur duquel est creusée une cavité qui débouche sur une des faces latérales dudit bloc et dont les parois latérales comportent plusieurs cannelures cylindriques parallèles et ledit corps comporte un deuxième bloc parallélépipé¬ dique qui est assemblé contre ladite face latérale du premier bloc et qui porte sur toute sa hauteur au moins une lame en biseau, en un matériau résistant à la corrosion, qui s'engage dans ladite cavité et qui est usinée avec une grande précision suivant un profil horizontal oui coopère avec la section horizontale desdites cannelures et qui délimite avec celles-ci au moins trois conduits cylindriques ainsi qu'une ouverture verticale qui fait communiquer deux conduits entre eux et un couloir de forme convergente qui part du premier conduit et qui débouche dans ladite ouverture par une fente.According to a preferred embodiment, the body of a device according to the invention comprises a first rectangular block, over the entire height of which is hollowed out a cavity which opens onto one of the side faces of said block and whose side walls comprise several cylindrical grooves parallel and said body comprises a second parallelepiped block which is assembled against said lateral face of the first block and which carries over its entire height at least one bevelled blade, made of a corrosion-resistant material, which engages in said cavity and which is machined with great precision along a horizontal profile yes cooperates with the horizontal section of said grooves and which delimits therewith at least three cylindrical conduits as well as a vertical opening which makes two conduits communicate with each other and a shaped corridor converging which leaves the first conduit and which opens into said opening through a slot.
Les lames en biseau sont montées chacune sur un bloc mobile qui coulisse entre les parois latérales de ladite cavité qui guident ledit bloc mobile et chacun desdits blocs mobiles comporte un alésage fileté dans lequel on visse une vis micromêtrique qui permet de déplacer ledit bloc pour faire varier la largeur de la fente.The beveled blades are each mounted on a movable block which slides between the side walls of said cavity which guide said movable block and each of said movable blocks has a threaded bore in which a micrometric screw is screwed which allows moving said block to vary the width of the slot.
L'invention a pour résultat de noveaux moyens pour produire industriellement et en continu des émulsions ou des suspensions d'un fluide et d'un liquide. Le fluide mis en suspension peut être un gaz ou bien un liquide non miscible avec l'autre liquide.The invention results in novel means for producing industrially and continuously emulsions or suspensions of a fluid and a liquid. The suspended fluid can be a gas or a liquid immiscible with the other liquid.
Les procédés et dispositifs selon l'invention pré- sentent l'avantage de permettre de faire varier très facilement le diamètre des particules en suspension, à l'intérieur d'une plage étendue, en utilisant uniquement des moyens .de déplacement mécaniques, sans avoir à faire varier la pression du fluide ou du liquide. Les inventeurs ont découvert que le diamètre des particules mises en suspension variait en fonction de la largeur de la fente suivant une loi continue bien déterminée qui peut être établie expérimentalement pour chaque couple de fluide et de liquide, ce qui permet d'obtenir une finesse d'émulsion bien déterminée. De plus, dans chaque application particulière, on peut faire varier la finesse de l'émulsion pour rechercher l'émulsion qui conduit aux meilleurs résultats.The methods and devices according to the invention have the advantage of making it possible to vary very easily the diameter of the particles in suspension, within a wide range, by using only mechanical displacement means, without having varying the pressure of the fluid or liquid. The inventors have discovered that the diameter of the particles in suspension varies as a function of the width of the slit according to a well-defined continuous law which can be established experimentally for each pair of fluid and liquid, which makes it possible to obtain a fineness d well defined emulsion. In addition, in each particular application, the fineness of the emulsion can be varied to find the emulsion which leads to the best results.
Un autre avantage des dispositifs émulseurs selon l'invention réside dans le fait que les pièces qui consti¬ tuent les parois des sifflets à ultrasons sont des pièces rapportées qui peuvent être usinées séparément avec une très grande précision dans un métal extrader, qui résiste à l'abrasion, par exemple en carbure de tungstène, qui est un métal cher et difficile a usiner, ce qui permet de réduire la dépense de matière et d'usinage et de remplacer uniquement les pièces exposées à l'usure par le courant de fluide à grande vitesse qui "circule dans les sifflets. Comparée aux dispositifs connus qui sont composés d'un empilage de plaques découpées, la structure des appa¬ reils selon l'invention qui comporte une fente unique sur toute la hauteur de l'appareil, permet de réduire le nombre d'opérations d'usinage et surtout d'obtenir une fente dont „-r - ^r les bords sont parfaitement rectilignes et parallèles et dont la largeur est constante, ce qui permet d'obtenir sur toute la hauteur du sifflet des fréquences ultrasonores qui restent à l'intérieur d'une même bande étroite.Another advantage of the emulsifying devices according to the invention lies in the fact that the parts which constitute the walls of the ultrasonic whistles are inserts which can be machined separately with very high precision in a metal to be welded, which resists abrasion, for example of tungsten carbide, which is an expensive and difficult-to-machine metal, which makes it possible to reduce the expense of material and machining and to replace only the parts exposed to wear by the current of fluid to high speed which " circulates in the whistles. Compared to known devices which are composed of a stack of cut plates, the structure of the apparatus according to the invention which comprises a single slot over the entire height of the apparatus, makes it possible to reduce the number of machining operations and above all obtain a slit including „-r - ^ r the edges are perfectly rectilinear and parallel and whose width is constant, which makes it possible to obtain over the entire height of the whistle ultrasonic frequencies which remain inside the same narrow band.
Les dispositifs selon l'invention peuvent trouver des applications dans tous les cas où il est néces saire ou avantageux de produire une émulsion ou une sus¬ pension d'un fluide dans un liquide. Nous citerons, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, la production d'émulsions d'air et d'un combustible liqui¬ de, par exemple avant l'entrée dans un brûleur ou dans un moteur à explosion, _}.a production d'émulsions acides ou basiques de bitume utilisées pour les revêtements routiers, la production d'émulsions d'huile comestible et d'un gaz par exemple d'hydrogène, de l'oxygène ou de vapeur d'eau, pour purifier l'huile ou pour modifier sa composition, la saponification des matières grasses qui sont d'abord ëmul- sionnées avec de la vapeur d'eau, puis mélangées à des solutions alcalines etc..The devices according to the invention can find applications in all cases where it is necessary or advantageous to produce an emulsion or a sus¬ pension of a fluid in a liquid. We will cite, by way of nonlimiting example, the production of air emulsions and of a liquid fuel, for example before entering a burner or an internal combustion engine, _}. acid or basic bitumen emulsions used for road surfaces, the production of edible oil emulsions and a gas, for example hydrogen, oxygen or water vapor, to purify the oil or to modify its composition, the saponification of the fatty substances which are first emulsified with steam, then mixed with alkaline solutions, etc.
La description suivante se réfère aux dessins annexés qui représentent, sans aucun caractère limitatif, des exemples de réalisation de générateurs d'ultrasons utilisés comme appareils émulseurs. La figure 1 est une vue éclatée, en perspective, d'un bloc emulseur selon l'invention.The following description refers to the appended drawings which represent, without any limiting character, exemplary embodiments of ultrasonic generators used as foam concentrators. Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of an emulsifier block according to the invention.
La figure 2 est une coupe horizontale avec dé¬ crochement selon II-II de la figure 1.FIG. 2 is a horizontal section with a detachment according to II-II of FIG. 1.
La figure 3 est une vue à plus grande échelle d'un détail de la figure 2.FIG. 3 is a view on a larger scale of a detail of FIG. 2.
La figure 4 est un di gramme montrant la loi de variation, à pression constante, du diamètre des parti¬ cules mises en émulsion, en fonction de la largeur de la fente d'un générateur selon l'invention. La figure 5 représente un exemple d'application d'un dispositif selon l'invention corme écono iseur de combustible sur une chaudière.FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the law of variation, at constant pressure, of the diameter of the emulsified particles, as a function of the width of the slot of a generator according to the invention. FIG. 5 represents an example of application of a device according to the invention as a fuel-saving corm on a boiler.
La figure 1 est une vue éclatée d'un dispositif emulseur selon l'invention. Ce dispositif comporte un corps composé de plusieurs blocs parallëlët-άpédiques asseï entre eux de façon ajustée avec précision. L'appareil représenté à titre d'exemple sur les figures 1, 2 et 3, comportedeux parties symétriques par rapport à un plan médian PP'. Il est précisé qu'un dispositif selon l'inven¬ tion peut ne pas comporter deux moitiés symétriques comme dans l'exemple illustré.Figure 1 is an exploded view of a foam concentrate device according to the invention. This device comprises a body made up of several parallelelse-άpedic blocks between them in a precisely adjusted way. The apparatus shown by way of example in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, comprises two parts symmetrical with respect to a median plane PP '. It is specified that a device according to the invention may not have two symmetrical halves as in the example illustrated.
L'appareil représenté sur les figures l à 3 comporte un bloc central 1 sur toute la hauteur duquel une cavité 2 est creusée. La cavité 2 débouche sur une des faces latérales la du bloc 1. Les parois latérales de la cavité 2 comportent, sur toute leur hauteur, une paire de cannelures cylindriques 3 et 4 et une paire de cannelures 3a et 4a symétriques par rapport au plan PP* . Comme on le voit clairement sur les figures 1 et 2, ces cannelures présentent la forme de canaux ouverts dont la section transversale est une portion de cercle. Les cannelures 3 et 3a ont la forme de 3/4 de cercle environ, tandis que les cavités 4 et 4a ont une section transversa- le qui dessine un cercle presque complet à l'exception d'une ouverture 5. Entre les cannelures 3 et 4, la paroi de la cavité 2 comporte une pièce d'usure interchangeable 6, 6a qui est par exemple une bande en un matériau résistant à l'abrasion, par exemple en carbure de tungstène, qui est fixée au bloc 1 par exemple par un assemblage en queue d'aronde visible sur la figure 2 ou par tout autre moyen équivalent.The apparatus shown in Figures 1 to 3 comprises a central block 1 over the entire height of which a cavity 2 is hollowed out. The cavity 2 opens onto one of the side faces 1a of the block 1. The side walls of the cavity 2 comprise, over their entire height, a pair of cylindrical grooves 3 and 4 and a pair of grooves 3a and 4a symmetrical with respect to the plane PP *. As can be clearly seen in Figures 1 and 2, these grooves have the shape of open channels whose cross section is a portion of a circle. The grooves 3 and 3a have the shape of about 3/4 of a circle, while the cavities 4 and 4a have a cross section which draws an almost complete circle with the exception of an opening 5. Between the grooves 3 and 4, the wall of the cavity 2 comprises an interchangeable wear part 6, 6a which is for example a strip of an abrasion resistant material, for example of tungsten carbide, which is fixed to the block 1 for example by a dovetail assembly visible in Figure 2 or by any other equivalent means.
Entre les cannelures 4 et 4a, la paroi de la cavité 2 a par exemple la forme d'un arc de cercle 7 symétrique par rapport au plan PP' . Cet arc de cercle peut être remplacé par une paroi plane perpendiculaire au plan PP' . La cavité 2 est délimitée de plus par deux plans 8 et 8a, symétriques par rapport au plan PP' et perpendiculaires à la paroi la, qui servent à guider la pièce coulissante 9 qui s 'engage dans la cavité 2.Between the grooves 4 and 4a, the wall of the cavity 2 has for example the shape of an arc of a circle 7 symmetrical with respect to the plane PP '. This circular arc can be replaced by a flat wall perpendicular to the plane PP '. The cavity 2 is further delimited by two planes 8 and 8a, symmetrical with respect to the plane PP 'and perpendicular to the wall la, which serve to guide the sliding part 9 which engages in the cavity 2.
Le corps de l'appareil coπvoorte un deuxième bloc parallélépipédique 10, qui est fixé par exemple par des boulons 11, ou par tout autre moyen équivalent, contre la face la du bloc 1. Le bloc 10 porte sur sa face 10b, qui est appliquée contre la face la, une pièce Eobile-4^ qui est une pièce d'usure en un matériau extra-dur, résis¬ tant à l'abrasion, par exemple en carbure de tungstène ou en céramique ou tout autre matériau équivalent. La piè- ce 9 est divisée,de préférence, en deux pièces indépen¬ dantes 9a et 9b symétriques par rapport au plan PP' .The body of the device coπvoorte a second rectangular block 10, which is fixed for example by bolts 11, or by any other equivalent means, against the face of the block 1. The block 10 carries on its face 10b, which is applied against the face, a piece Eobile-4 ^ which is a wearing part made of an extra-hard material, resistant to abrasion, for example tungsten carbide or ceramic or any other equivalent material. The part 9 is preferably divided into two independent parts 9a and 9b which are symmetrical with respect to the plane PP '.
Chacune des pièces 9a et 9b comporte un alésage fileté 12 et 12a, dans lequel se visse une vis micrométri¬ que 13 et 13a qui traverse le bloc 10 et qui porte une tête moletée 14 et 14a permettant de la manoeuvrer. La manoeuvre des vis micrométriques permet de déplacer la pièce 9 ou les pièces 9a et 9b à l'intérieur de la cavité 2.Each of the parts 9a and 9b has a threaded bore 12 and 12a, into which a micrometric screw 13 and 13a which screws through the block 10 and which carries a knurled head 14 and 14a allowing it to be maneuvered. The operation of the micrometric screws makes it possible to move the part 9 or the parts 9a and 9b inside the cavity 2.
Bien entendu, les vis micromêtriques peuvent être remplacées par tout autre moyen équivalent permettant de déplacer les pièces 9a et 9b dans la cavité 2.Of course, the micrometric screws can be replaced by any other equivalent means making it possible to move the parts 9a and 9b in the cavity 2.
Les pièces 9a et 9b comportent chacune une lame 15 et 15a taillée en biseau à flancs courbes et usinée avec une très grande précision de l'ordre de 0,01 mm. De plus, les pièces 9a et 9b comportent chacune une face latérale plane 16 et 16a qui est usinée avec précision pour venir s'engager à frottement doux entre les plans 8 et 8a.The parts 9a and 9b each comprise a blade 15 and 15a cut in a bevel with curved sides and machined with very high precision of the order of 0.01 mm. In addition, the parts 9a and 9b each have a flat lateral face 16 and 16a which is machined with precision to come to engage with gentle friction between the planes 8 and 8a.
On a représenté en pointillés sur la figure 2 la position des pièces 9a et 9b une fois engagées dans la cavité 2. On voit que les flancs externes des lames 15 et 15a comportent chacun une portion d'arc de cercle 17 et 17a de l'ordre d'un quart de cercle ayant même rayon que les sections circulaires des cannelures 3 et 3a. Les arcs de cercle 17 et 17a sont prolongés jusqu'à la pointe par un plan 18, 18a tangent à l'arc de cercle. Entre les lames 15 et 15a, le profil en section horizon¬ tale présente la forme d'un arc 19, symétrique par rapport au plan PP' , dont la concavité est dirigée vers 1'inté- rieur de la cavité 2.There is shown in dotted lines in FIG. 2 the position of the parts 9a and 9b once engaged in the cavity 2. It can be seen that the external flanks of the blades 15 and 15a each comprise a portion of an arc 17 and 17a of the order of a quarter circle having the same radius as the circular sections of the grooves 3 and 3a. The circular arcs 17 and 17a are extended to the point by a plane 18, 18a tangent to the circular arc. Between the blades 15 and 15a, the profile in horizontal section has the shape of an arc 19, symmetrical with respect to the plane PP ', the concavity of which is directed towards the interior of the cavity 2.
On voit sur la figure 2 que les arcs de cercle 17 et 17a viennent compléter les cannelures 3 et 3a, pour délimiter deux conduits 3 et 3a à section circulaire. Chacun des plans 18 et 18a délimite, avec la face externe des pièces d'usure 6 et 6a, un couloir vertical 20, 20a qui part tangentiellement à la périphérie des canaux 3 et 3a. Les faces externes des pièces d'usure 6 et 6a sont sensiblement radiales par rapport aux cercles 3 et 3a, tandis que les plans 18 et 18a sont tangentiels. Il en résulte que les parois latérales des couloirs 20 et 20a convergent l'une vers l'autre et sont séparées à leur extrémité par une fente verticale 21, 21a très étroite, qui s'étend sur toute la hauteur du bloc 1. La figure 3 représente, à plus grande échelle, la position relative d'une lame 15 par rapport aux cannelu¬ res 3 et 4 creusées dans le bloc 1. On voit sur cette figure le couloir 20 délimité par deux parois latérales, l'une fixe, constituée par la face externe de la pièce d'usure 6 et l'autre mobile, constituée par le plan 18. On voit clairement qu'en déplaçant les pièces 9a ou 9b à l'aide des vis icrométriques 14 ou 14a, on peut faire varier la largeur de la fente 21 qui doit rester très étroite, de l'ordre de 0,1 mm à 1 mm. Le fluide qui arrive par le conduit 3 s'écoule à vitesse supersonique à travers la fente 21 en produisant des ultrasons. On a représenté par des flèches le trajet suivi par le fluide qui peut être un gaz ou un liquide mélangé à un gaz vecteur. On voit que les deux parois du sifflet à ultrasonssont constituées par des pièces d'usure interchangeables et faciles à usiner avec une grande précision, puisqu'elles sont séparées du corps de l'appareil.We see in Figure 2 that the circular arcs 17 and 17a complement the grooves 3 and 3a, to define two conduits 3 and 3a with circular section. Each of the planes 18 and 18a delimits, with the external face of the wearing parts 6 and 6a, a vertical corridor 20, 20a which leaves tangentially at the periphery of channels 3 and 3a. The external faces of the wearing parts 6 and 6a are substantially radial with respect to the circles 3 and 3a, while the planes 18 and 18a are tangential. As a result, the side walls of the corridors 20 and 20a converge towards one another and are separated at their end by a very narrow vertical slot 21, 21a, which extends over the entire height of the block 1. The figure 3 represents, on a larger scale, the relative position of a blade 15 relative to the cannelu¬ res 3 and 4 dug in the block 1. We see in this figure the corridor 20 delimited by two side walls, one fixed, constituted by the external face of the wearing part 6 and the other mobile, constituted by the plane 18. It is clearly seen that by moving the parts 9a or 9b using the micrometric screws 14 or 14a, it is possible to make vary the width of the slot 21 which must remain very narrow, of the order of 0.1 mm to 1 mm. The fluid which arrives through the conduit 3 flows at supersonic speed through the slot 21, producing ultrasound. The path followed by the fluid, which may be a gas or a liquid mixed with a carrier gas, has been represented by arrows. It can be seen that the two walls of the ultrasonic whistle are constituted by interchangeable wear parts and easy to machine with great precision, since they are separated from the body of the device.
La géométrie de la pièce d'usure 6 et de la cannelure 4 sont telles que le jet sortant de la fente 21 pénètre tangentiellement dans le canal 4 à travers l'ouverture 5 et il tourne à grande vitesse autour de la cavité pour ressortir par l'ouverture 5 et pénétrer dans le conduit central 25 qui est délimité par les arcs 7 et 19.The geometry of the wear part 6 and the groove 4 are such that the jet leaving the slot 21 tangentially enters the channel 4 through the opening 5 and it rotates at high speed around the cavity to come out through the opening 5 and enter the central duct 25 which is delimited by arches 7 and 19.
La cavité 4 constitue une chambre de résonance qui a pour effet d'amplifier les vibrations dont la période correspond au temps que met le jet pour faire le tour de la cavité 4 et pour recouper le jet sortant de la fente 21. .--,.T-—r-- On voit sur la figure 3 que selon la position de la pièce mobile 9a, l'arc 17 présente un léger décro¬ chement 22 par rapport à la paroi de la cannelure 3. Ce dé croche ent n'a aucune influence sur le fonctionnement car les composantes tangentielles de la vitesse du fluide dans le conduit 3 sont faibles.The cavity 4 constitutes a resonance chamber which has the effect of amplifying the vibrations, the period of which corresponds to the time that the jet takes to go around the cavity 4 and to intersect the jet leaving the slot 21. .--, .T -— r-- It can be seen in FIG. 3 that, depending on the position of the movable part 9a, the arc 17 has a slight detachment 22 relative to the wall of the groove 3. This unhinged ent has no influence on the operation because the tangential components of the speed of the fluid in the conduit 3 are small.
Revenant à la figure 1, on voit que le corps de l'appareil comporte, en outre, un couvercle 23 qui est également un bloc parallélépipédique qui est fixé contre la face terminale 1b du bloc 1, par exemple par un assemlia- ge à queue d'aronde 24 ou par tout autre moyen de fixation équivalen .Returning to FIG. 1, it can be seen that the body of the apparatus further comprises a cover 23 which is also a parallelepipedal block which is fixed against the end face 1b of block 1, for example by a tail assembly dovetail 24 or by any other equivalent fixing means.
Le bloc 23 comporte un conduit vertical central 26 qui vient en alignement au-dessus du conduit centralThe block 23 comprises a central vertical duct 26 which comes into alignment above the central duct
25 délimité par les arcs 7 et 19. Le conduit 26 est connec¬ té sur un conduit 27 d'arrivée de liquide sous pression, par exemple un conduit de combustible liquide dans une application particulière où un appareil selon l'invention est utilisé pour mélanger un combustible liquide à de l'air de combustion avant l'entrée dans un brûleur.25 delimited by arcs 7 and 19. The duct 26 is connected to a duct 27 for the arrival of pressurized liquid, for example a duct for liquid fuel in a particular application where an apparatus according to the invention is used for mixing liquid fuel to combustion air before entering a burner.
Le bloc couvercle 23 comporte également deux conduits 28 et 28a qui viennent se placer en alignement des cannelures 3 et 3a, avec lesquelles ils communiquent. Les conduits 28 et 28a sont connectés sur des arrivéesThe cover block 23 also includes two conduits 28 and 28a which are placed in alignment with the grooves 3 and 3a, with which they communicate. Conduits 28 and 28a are connected to arrivals
29 et 29a de fluide comprimé, qui peut être un fluide ga¬ zeux ou un liquide mélangé à un gaz vecteur. Par exemple, dans l'application citée ci-dessus, les conduits 29 et 29a amènent l'air de combustion. Ce fluide est sous une pression plus élevée que celle du liquide admis dans le conduit 27.29 and 29a of compressed fluid, which can be a ga¬ zous fluid or a liquid mixed with a carrier gas. For example, in the application cited above, the conduits 29 and 29a supply the combustion air. This fluid is under a higher pressure than that of the liquid admitted into line 27.
Le corps de l'appareil comporte, en outre, un quatrième bloc parallélépipédique 30 qui sert de pied ou de fond. Ce bloc est fixé à la paroi terminale le opposée à la paroi 1b, par exemple par un assemblage à queue d'aron de 31 ou par tout autre moyen équivalent. Le bloc 30 comporte un conduit central 32 qui vient se placer dans l'alignement du conduit central 25 avec lequel il communi¬ que. Le conduit 32 a une forme de tuyère conique qui converge vers un conduit 33 de sortie de l'émulsion. Ce préférence, comme on le voit sur la figure 1, le conduit 32 comporte à la périphérie de son bord supérieur, deux cavités circulaires 34 et 34a qui viennent se positionner dans l'alignement des cannelures 4 et 4a.The body of the device further comprises a fourth rectangular block 30 which serves as a base or bottom. This block is fixed to the end wall opposite to the wall 1b, for example by an aron-tail assembly of 31 or by any other equivalent means. The block 30 comprises a central duct 32 which is placed in alignment with the central duct 25 with which it communicates. The conduit 32 has the shape of a conical nozzle which converges towards a conduit 33 for emulsion outlet. This preferably, as seen in Figure 1, the conduit 32 has at the periphery of its upper edge, two circular cavities 34 and 34a which are positioned in alignment with the grooves 4 and 4a.
Selon une variante non représentée, le couvercle 23 peut comporter, en outre, deux conduits qui le traversent de part en part pour aboutir à l'extrémité supérieure des cannelures 4 et 4a et qui permettent d'injecter des produits d'addition, par exemple des agents de stabilisation d'une émulsion.According to a variant not shown, the cover 23 may further comprise two conduits which pass right through it to end at the upper end of the grooves 4 and 4a and which make it possible to inject addition products, for example stabilizers for an emulsion.
On notera qu'un appareil selon la figure 1, qui comporte deux arrivées de fluide 29 et 29a, permet d'injec¬ ter dans ceux-ci, deux fluides différents et d'obtenir une émulsion double de deux fluides dans un même liquide.It will be noted that an apparatus according to FIG. 1, which comprises two fluid inlets 29 and 29a, makes it possible to inject therein, two different fluids and to obtain a double emulsion of two fluids in the same liquid.
Le fonctionnement d'un appareil selon l'invention est le suivant. Les fluides sous pression qui entrent dans l'appareil par les conduits 29 et 29a passent dans les conduits 3 et 3a, d'où ils sortent à grande vitesse par les sifflets à ultrasons , constitués par les couloirs à parois convergentes 20 et 20a. Les jets de fluide sortant des sifflets tourbillonnent dans les conduits circulaires 4 et 4a et arrivent dans le conduit central 25 où circule un liquide qui entre dans l'appareil par le conduit 27. Bien entendu, la pression du liquide est inférieure à celle du fluide, dont la pression excède celle du liquide par exemple de 5 bars. Le fluide est pulvérisé par le jet à ultrasons en particules très fines qui sont mises en suspension dans le liquide. La figure 4 représente des diagrammes qui ont été établis expérimentalement. Ces diagrammes représentent en abscisses la largeur de la fente 21 du sifflet exprimée en millimètres et en ordonnées le diamètre des particules de fluide en émulsion exprimé en microns. Ces diagrammes ont été établis en faisant varier la largeur de la fente sans modifier la pression relative du fluide par rapport au liquide. Le diagramme en traits mixtes correspond à des essais qui ont été réalisés en injectant de l'air dans de l'huile comestible sous une pression relative de 3 bars qui reste constante. ^----,'-yτ .-> On a relevé les mesures ci-après. Pour une largeur de fente de 1 mm, le diamètre des particules en suspension est de 5 p. et la fréquence acoustique de l'ordre de 4000 Hz. Pour une largeur de fente de 0,5 mm, le diamètre des particules est de 2 μ et la fréquence de 7000 Hz. Pour une largeur de fente de 0,2mm, le diamètre des particules est de 0,1 μ et la fréquence de 9000 Hz. Pour une largeur de fente de 0,01 mm, le diamètre des particules est de 0,05 u et la fréquence de 1400 Hz. La courbe en traits pleins correspond à une autre série de mesures. On voit que les variations du diamètre des particules en fonction de la largeur de la fente sont sensiblement linéaires pour des largeurs de fente comprises entre 0,1 mm et 1 mm qui est la plage utile, ce qui permet de faire varier la finesse de l'émulsion très rapidement par des réglages mécaniques et d'obtenir une finesse d'émulsion déterminée en agissant sur les vis micromëtriques 14 et 14a.The operation of an apparatus according to the invention is as follows. The pressurized fluids which enter the apparatus through the conduits 29 and 29a pass through the conduits 3 and 3a, from where they exit at high speed by the ultrasonic whistles, constituted by the converging wall corridors 20 and 20a. The jets of fluid leaving the whistles swirl in the circular conduits 4 and 4a and arrive in the central conduit 25 where a liquid circulates which enters the device through the conduit 27. Of course, the pressure of the liquid is lower than that of the fluid , the pressure of which exceeds that of the liquid, for example by 5 bars. The fluid is sprayed by the ultrasonic jet into very fine particles which are suspended in the liquid. FIG. 4 represents diagrams which have been drawn up experimentally. These diagrams represent on the abscissa the width of the slit 21 of the whistle expressed in millimeters and on the ordinate the diameter of the particles of fluid in emulsion expressed in microns. These diagrams were established by varying the width of the slit without modifying the relative pressure of the fluid with respect to the liquid. The dashed line diagram corresponds to tests which have been carried out by injecting air into edible oil under a relative pressure of 3 bars which remains constant. ^ ----, '- yτ . - > The following measures have been noted. For a slit width of 1 mm, the diameter of the particles in suspension is 5 p. and the acoustic frequency of the order of 4000 Hz. For a slit width of 0.5 mm, the particle diameter is 2 μ and the frequency of 7000 Hz. For a slit width of 0.2mm, the diameter of particles is 0.1 μ and the frequency of 9000 Hz. For a slit width of 0.01 mm, the diameter of the particles is 0.05 u and the frequency of 1400 Hz. The curve in solid lines corresponds to another set of measures. It can be seen that the variations in the diameter of the particles as a function of the width of the slit are substantially linear for slit widths between 0.1 mm and 1 mm which is the useful range, which makes it possible to vary the fineness of the emulsion very quickly by mechanical adjustments and to obtain a fineness of emulsion determined by acting on the micrometric screws 14 and 14a.
Le dispositif selon les figures 1 et 2 qi comporte deux lames 15 et 15a déplaçables séparément permet de fixer deux largeurs différentes pour les fentes 21 et 21a et d'obtenir une émulsion comportant des particules en suspension ayant deux dimensions différentes.The device according to FIGS. 1 and 2 which comprises two blades 15 and 15a which can be moved separately makes it possible to fix two different widths for the slots 21 and 21a and to obtain an emulsion comprising particles in suspension having two different dimensions.
Les dispositifs selon l'invention peuvent être utilisés pour de nombreuses applications industrielles dont 1'énumëration exhaustive n'est pas possible. On citera à titre d'exemple, le mélange intime d'un combus¬ tible liquide, par exemple du fuel ou de l'essence, avec un gaz comburant, lequel mélange est réalisé sous forme d'une émulsion très fine par passage à travers un disposi¬ tif selon l'invention qui est disposé en amont d'un brû¬ leur ou sur le collecteur d'admission d'un moteur à explosion.The devices according to the invention can be used for many industrial applications whose exhaustive enumeration is not possible. By way of example, mention may be made of the intimate mixture of a liquid fuel, for example fuel oil or petrol, with an oxidizing gas, which mixture is produced in the form of a very fine emulsion by passage through a device according to the invention which is arranged upstream of a burner or on the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine.
La figure 5 représente un exemple d'utilisation d'un dispositif 35 selon l'invention. Le repère 36 représente une chaudière domestique équipée d'un brûleur 37 de combus¬ tible liquide. Le dispositif 35 est disposé en amont du brûleur et l'émulsion sortant du dispositif 35 alimente directement la canne du brûleur. Le repère 38 représente un compresseur d'air qui envoie de l'air comprimé, pj exemple sous une pression de 3 à 5 bars, vers les cana¬ lisations 29 et 29a d'entrée de gaz dans le dispositif 35. Le repère 39 représente une pompe qui envoie le combustible liquide dans la canalisation 27 d'entrée de liquide dans le dispositif emulseur 35.FIG. 5 represents an example of use of a device 35 according to the invention. Reference 36 represents a domestic boiler equipped with a burner 37 of liquid fuel. The device 35 is arranged upstream of the burner and the emulsion leaving the device 35 directly feeds the burner rod. Reference 38 represents an air compressor which sends compressed air, pj example under a pressure of 3 to 5 bars, towards the pipelines 29 and 29a for gas inlet into the device 35. The reference 39 represents a pump which sends the liquid fuel in the pipe 27 for the liquid inlet into the foam concentrate 35.
Des mesures ont été faites sur une chaudière équi¬ pée d'un dispositif emulseur disposé en amont du brûleur comme le représente la figure 5. Ces mesures ont montré qu'on obtenait une économie de combustible comprise entre 10 et 20% de la consommation habituelle.Measurements were made on a boiler equipped with an emulsifier device disposed upstream of the burner as shown in FIG. 5. These measurements showed that a fuel economy of between 10 and 20% of the usual consumption was obtained. .
Un dispositif selon l'invention peut trouver des applications dans tous les cas où il est avantageux de multiplier les interfaces entre deux ou plusieurs phases liquides non miscibles ou entre des phases gazeu¬ ses et des phases liquides afin d'accélérer des réactions ou interactions chimiques et/ou physiques entre ces pha¬ ses.A device according to the invention can find applications in all cases where it is advantageous to multiply the interfaces between two or more immiscible liquid phases or between gas phases and liquid phases in order to accelerate chemical reactions or interactions and / or physical between these phases.
Une série d'expérience sur des dispositifs selon les figures 1 et 2 a montré que l'on obtenait les meilleurs résultats et notamment une bonne homogénéité de l'émulsion si la hauteur H du corps 1 de l'appareil était égale à environ 20 fois le diamètre des cavités de résonance 4 qui est de l'ordre de 1 à 2 cm. Bien entendu, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, les divers éléments constitutifs du dispositif qui vient d'être décrit à titre d'exemple, pourront être remplacés par des éléments équivalents remplissant les mêmes fonctions. A series of experiments on devices according to FIGS. 1 and 2 showed that the best results were obtained and in particular a good homogeneity of the emulsion if the height H of the body 1 of the device was equal to approximately 20 times the diameter of the resonance cavities 4 which is of the order of 1 to 2 cm. Of course, without departing from the scope of the invention, the various constituent elements of the device which has just been described by way of example, may be replaced by equivalent elements fulfilling the same functions.

Claims

Revendications: Claims:
1. Procédé pour produire une émulsion d'un fluide, gazeux ou liquide, et d'un liquide, et pour faire varier la dimension des particules en suspension selon lequel on injecte ledit fluide, sous pression, dans un conduit dans lequel ledit liquide circule sous une pression infé¬ rieure à celle dudit fluide, à travers des sifflets à ultrasons qui débouchent dans ledit conduit par une fente étroite, caractérisé en ce que l'on fait varier la dimen¬ sion des particules ensuspension en faisant varier la lar¬ geur de ladite fente, la pression dudit fluide et dudit liquide restant constantes.1. Method for producing an emulsion of a fluid, gaseous or liquid, and of a liquid, and for varying the size of the particles in suspension according to which said fluid is injected, under pressure, into a conduit in which said liquid circulates under a pressure lower than that of said fluid, through ultrasonic whistles which open into said conduit through a narrow slot, characterized in that the dimension of the suspended particles is varied by varying the width from said slot, the pressure of said fluid and of said liquid remaining constant.
2. Dispositif pour produire une émulsion d'un fluide, gazeux ou liquide, et d'un liquide, lequel dispositif comporte au moins deux conduits cylindriques parallèles, un premier conduit dans lequel ledit fluide circule sous pression et un deuxième conduit dans lequel ledit liquide circule sous une pression inférieure à celle dudit fluide, lesquels conduits communiquent entre eux par des ajutages à travers lesquels s'écoule ledit fluide et qui constituent des sifflets à ultrasons, caractérisé en ce que lesdits conduits communiquent entre eux par un couloir qui s'étend sur toute la longueur des deux conduits et qui est délimité par deux parois parallèles aux génératrices des deux conduits qui convergent l'une vers l'autre en allant vers le deuxième conduit où elles sont séparées par une fente très étroite et le dispositif comporte, en outre, des moyens pour faire varier la largeur de ladite fente, de sorte que ledit fluide qui s'écoule à travers ledit couloir en produisant des ultrasons est divisé en particules qui sont mises en suspension dans ledit liquide et, en faisant varier la largeur de la fente, on fait varier le diamètre de ces particules, les pressions du fluide et du liquide restant constantes.2. Device for producing an emulsion of a fluid, gaseous or liquid, and of a liquid, which device comprises at least two parallel cylindrical conduits, a first conduit in which said fluid circulates under pressure and a second conduit in which said liquid circulates under a pressure lower than that of said fluid, which conduits communicate with each other by nozzles through which flows said fluid and which constitute ultrasonic whistles, characterized in that said conduits communicate with each other by a corridor which extends over the entire length of the two conduits and which is delimited by two walls parallel to the generatrices of the two conduits which converge towards each other going towards the second conduit where they are separated by a very narrow slot and the device comprises, in further, means for varying the width of said slot, so that said fluid flowing through said passageway is pro duisant ultrasound is divided into particles which are suspended in said liquid and, by varying the width of the slit, the diameter of these particles is varied, the pressures of the fluid and of the liquid remaining constant.
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'une des deux parois qui délimitent chacun des couloirs, est mobile et ledit dispositif comporte des moyens pour la déplacer afin de faire varier la largeur de la fente située à l'extrémité du couloir. - _~—_ 3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that one of the two walls which delimit each of the corridors, is movable and said device comprises means for moving it in order to vary the width of the slot located at the end of the corridor. - _ ~ —_
4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 et 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un troisième conduit cylindrique disposé entre le premier et le deuxième conduit, comportant une ouverture longitudinale sur toute sa hauteur par laquelle il communique avec le deuxième conduit et ledit couloir débouche dans ladite ouverture tangentiellement au troisième conduit, de sorte que le fluide qui sort dudit couloir par ladite fente étroite, tourbillonne dans ce troisième conduit qui fait fonction de cavité de résonance puis s'échappe vers le deuxième conduit à travers ladite ouverture en recoupant le jet de fluide sortant dudit couloir.4. Device according to any one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that it comprises a third cylindrical conduit disposed between the first and the second conduit, comprising a longitudinal opening over its entire height by which it communicates with the second conduit and said corridor opens into said opening tangentially to the third conduit, so that the fluid which leaves said corridor through said narrow slot, swirls in this third conduit which acts as a resonance cavity then escapes towards the second conduit through said opening by intersecting the jet of fluid leaving said corridor.
5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le corps du dispositif comporte un premier bloc parallélépipédique, sur toute la hauteur duquel est creusée une cavité qui débouche sur une des faces latérales dudit bloc et dont les parois latérales compor¬ tent plusieurs cannelures cylindriques parallèles et ledit corps comporte un deuxième bloc parallélépipédique qui est assemblé contre ladite face latérale du premier bloc et qui porte sur toute sa hauteur au moins une lame en biseau , en un matériau résistant à la corrosion, qui s'engage dans ladite cavité et qui est usinée avec une grande précision suivant un profil horizontal qui coopère avec la section horizontale desdites cannelures et qui dé¬ limite avec celles-ci, au moins trois conduits cylindriques ainsi qu'une ouverture verticale qui fait communiquer deux conduits entre eux et un couloir de forme convergente qui part du premier conduit et qui débouche dans ladite ouverture par une fente.5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the body of the device comprises a first rectangular block, over the entire height of which is hollowed out a cavity which opens onto one of the side faces of said block and whose side walls comprise several grooves parallel cylindrical and said body comprises a second parallelepipedal block which is assembled against said lateral face of the first block and which carries over its entire height at least one bevelled blade, made of a corrosion-resistant material, which engages in said cavity and which is machined with great precision along a horizontal profile which cooperates with the horizontal section of said grooves and which defines with them, at least three cylindrical conduits as well as a vertical opening which makes two conduits communicate with each other and a corridor of convergent shape which starts from the first conduit and which opens into said opening by a fen you.
6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que lesdites lames sont supportées par un mécanisme qui permet de les déplacer perpendiculairement aux géné- ratrices desdits conduits pour faire varier la largeur de ladite fente.6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that said blades are supported by a mechanism which makes it possible to move them perpendicular to the generatrix of said conduits to vary the width of said slot.
7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que ledites lames sont montées chacune sur un bloc mobile qui coulisse entre les parois latérales de ladite cavité qui guident ledit bloc mobile et chacun desdi_t≤__7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that said blades are each mounted on a movable block which slides between the side walls of said cavity which guide said movable block and each desdi_t≤__
_ ~ " blocs mobiles comporte un alésage fileté dans lequel on visse une vis micrométrique qui permet de déplacer ledit bloc pour faire varier la largeur de la fente. _ ~ " movable blocks has a threaded bore into which a micrometric screw is screwed which makes it possible to move said block to vary the width of the slot.
8. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendi¬ cations 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un plan de symétrie vertical et, de chaque côté de celui-ci, deux conduits et une lame mobile déplaçable séparément qui délimite un couloir à parois convergentes faisant communiquer les deux conduits et il comporte, en outre, un conduit qui est symétrique par rapport audit plan et dans lequel circule le liquide.8. Device according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that it comprises a vertical plane of symmetry and, on each side of the latter, two conduits and a movable blade movable separately which delimits a corridor with converging walls communicating the two conduits and it further comprises a conduit which is symmetrical with respect to said plane and in which the liquid circulates.
9. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendi¬ cations 5 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le corps comporte, en outre, un bloc couvercle qui est assemblé à l'une des faces terminales du premier bloc et qui comporte des conduits d'arrivée de fluide et de liquide, qui communi¬ quent avec les extrémités desdites cannelures et il comporte un bloc fond qui est assemblé à l'autre face terminale du premier bloc et qui comporte un conduit de sortie de l'émulsion qui communique avec l'extrémité de la cannelure centrale du premier bloc.9. Device according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the body comprises, in addition, a cover block which is assembled to one of the end faces of the first block and which comprises conduits arrival of fluid and liquid, which communicate with the ends of said grooves and it comprises a bottom block which is assembled on the other end face of the first block and which comprises an emulsion outlet duct which communicates with end of the central groove of the first block.
10. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendi¬ cations 5 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la paroi de ladite cavité comporte des bandes d'usure verticales en un matériau résistant à l'abrasion dont la face externe constitue la paroi fixe de chacun desdits couloirs.10. Device according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the wall of said cavity has vertical wear strips made of an abrasion-resistant material, the external face of which constitutes the fixed wall of each. said corridors.
11. Application d'un dispositif selon l'une quelcon¬ que des revendications 2 à 10, caractérisée en ce qu'il est disposé en amont d'un brûleur de combustible liquide pour produire une émulsion d'air de combustion et dudit combustible liquide par passage de l'air comprimé à travers les sifflets à ultrasons du dispositif. 11. Application of a device according to any one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that it is arranged upstream of a liquid fuel burner to produce an emulsion of combustion air and of said liquid fuel by passing compressed air through the ultrasonic whistles of the device.
PCT/EP1981/000106 1981-07-28 1981-07-28 Method, devices and application for producing emulsions by ultra sonic whistles WO1983000446A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

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DE8181902306T DE3169678D1 (en) 1981-07-28 1981-07-28 Method, devices and application for producing emulsions by ultra sonic whistles
AU74554/81A AU7455481A (en) 1981-07-28 1981-07-28 Method, devices and application for producing emulsions by ultra sonic whistles
AT81902306T ATE12462T1 (en) 1981-07-28 1981-07-28 METHOD, DEVICE AND APPLICATION FOR THE PREPARATION OF EMULSIONS WITH ULTRASONIC WHISTLES.
EP81902306A EP0084026B1 (en) 1981-07-28 1981-07-28 Method, devices and application for producing emulsions by ultra sonic whistles
PCT/EP1981/000106 WO1983000446A1 (en) 1981-07-28 1981-07-28 Method, devices and application for producing emulsions by ultra sonic whistles

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EP0495506A2 (en) * 1991-01-17 1992-07-22 Ppv-Verwaltungs-Ag Arrangement and method for mechanical atomization of liquid fuel
WO2006068537A1 (en) * 2004-12-21 2006-06-29 Doronin, Igor Viktorovich Method for heat-mass-energy exchange and device for carrying out said method
US20110019497A1 (en) * 2008-03-28 2011-01-27 Arkray, Inc. Fluid agitation method, fluid agitation system, and cartridge
WO2013119138A1 (en) * 2012-02-10 2013-08-15 Норфолда Лимитед Apparatus for breaking down oil in a well
RU2658057C1 (en) * 2017-09-11 2018-06-19 Эль-Гадбан Илья Шакиб Heat and mass energy exchange device

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US2532229A (en) * 1946-02-21 1950-11-28 Ultrasonic Corp Acoustic device
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Cited By (9)

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EP0495506A2 (en) * 1991-01-17 1992-07-22 Ppv-Verwaltungs-Ag Arrangement and method for mechanical atomization of liquid fuel
EP0495506A3 (en) * 1991-01-17 1992-12-16 Guenter Poeschl Arrangement and method for mechanical atomization of liquid fuel
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US5564402A (en) * 1991-01-17 1996-10-15 Ppv-Verwaltungs-Ag Arrangement for the pressure atomization of liquid fuel and process for the same
WO2006068537A1 (en) * 2004-12-21 2006-06-29 Doronin, Igor Viktorovich Method for heat-mass-energy exchange and device for carrying out said method
US20110019497A1 (en) * 2008-03-28 2011-01-27 Arkray, Inc. Fluid agitation method, fluid agitation system, and cartridge
US8876361B2 (en) * 2008-03-28 2014-11-04 Arkray, Inc. Fluid agitation method, fluid agitation system, and cartridge
WO2013119138A1 (en) * 2012-02-10 2013-08-15 Норфолда Лимитед Apparatus for breaking down oil in a well
RU2658057C1 (en) * 2017-09-11 2018-06-19 Эль-Гадбан Илья Шакиб Heat and mass energy exchange device

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EP0084026A1 (en) 1983-07-27
EP0084026B1 (en) 1985-04-03
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AU7455481A (en) 1983-02-22

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