Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
  • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
  • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
  • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
  • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
  • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
  • F02M61/10—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
  • F02M61/12—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type characterised by the provision of guiding or centring means for valve bodies

Definitions

• This invention relates generally to fluid sprinkling, spraying and diffusing and more particularly to fluid pressure responsive discharge modifiers such as fuel injectors.
• fuel injection nozzle valves operate in response to high pressure fuel creating forces acting on differential areas of the valve causing rapid reciprocation of the valve.
• the rapid reciproca ⁇ tion causes intermittent seating and unseating of a tip of the valve with a valve seat which permits the fuel to be injected into engine cylinders. Under the influence of such high pressure, this seating and unseating results in tip wear known to change the differential areas to the point where valve operating characteristics are undesirably changed.
• the rapid reciprocation °f the valve in a valve alignment guide causes detri ⁇ mental wear between the valve and guide to add to the undesirable change in operating characteristics.
• VOP valve opening pressure
• VCP valve closing pressure
• VOP results from high pressure fluid forces intermittently imposed on the valve and is required to cause the valve to lift or unseat and permit fuel injec ⁇ tion. Over a period of time, wear at the tip and seat can cause a detrimental loss of VOP (VOP loss) .
• VCP results from forces acting on the. Naive and is required to cause the valve to seat and stop fuel injection.
• Conventional fuel injection nozzle valves become seated between the timing of the intermittently imposed high pressure fluid forces which lift the valve from the seat. Such seating is usually accomplished by a high rate spring matched with specific initial VOP parameters.
• Conventional fuel injection nozzle valves also have a relatively close fit between the valve and guide to limit leakage of fuel past the guide. Some fuel does leak past the guide and is usually returned to a fuel reservoir.
• a fuel injection nozzle valve including a housing having a conical seat of a first conical angle and a reciprocative valve member having a conical tip of a second conical angle less than the first conical angle. This provides for engaging
• Figure 1 is a view illustrating a fuel system including an embodiment of the present invention
• Figure 2 is a view illustrating an enlarged partial section of a nozzle valve tip and seat embodi ⁇ ment of Figure 1;
• Figure 3 is a view illustrating another enlarged partial section of the nozzle valve tip and seat embodiment of Figure 2 further illustrating wear effects of the tip and seat;
• Figure 4 is a view illustrating another enlarged partial section of the valve and guide embodi ⁇ ment of Figure 1;
• Figure 5 is a view illustrating a graphic representation of guide clearance to trapped volume pressure relationships of the present invention
• Figure 6 is a view illustrating a graphic representation of test hours to valve opening pressure (VOP) relationship of the present invention.
• VOP valve opening pressure
• a fuel system is generally desig ⁇ nated 10, and includes a reservoir 12.
• a well known fuel transfer pump 13 is connected via a conduit 14 for pumping fuel from reservoir 12 at a system pressure of about 30-35 psi.
• the fuel is then passed through a known filter 16 in conduit 18 to a conventional high pressure fuel injection pump 20 which supplies the fuel at pressures ranging from about 2000 psi to about 15,000 psi and then to a fuel injection nozzle 22 via a conduit 24.
• a known reverse flow check valve 26 is between high pressure pump 20 and nozzle 22 to check against pressure waves which may oscillate between pump 20 and nozzle 22 as a result of rapidly created high pressure surges of fuel being pumped through nozzle 22 into an associated engine cylinder 23 at a rate of several times per second.
• Nozzle 22 comprises a housing 28 having a fuel passage 30 for receiving fuel from pump 20 and for conducting the fuel to a cavity 32 formed in housing 28.
• Housing 28 defines an upper cavity portion 32a and a lower cavity portion 32b and further defines a reduced diameter cylinderical guide 34 separating the upper and lower cavity portions 32a,32b, respectively.
• Guide 34 has a diameter designated dg in Figure 4.
• a valve member 36 is reciprocably disposed in cavity 32.
• An extended portion 36a of valve 36 extends into upper cavity portion 32a.
• Valve 36 includes a lower portion 36b having a tip 38 urged into engagement with a valve seat 40 formed in housing 28. Tip 38 is so urged by a resilient means such as a compression spring 42 disposed in upper cavity portion 32a.
• Upper and lower valve portions 36a,36b, respectively, are sep- arated by an enlarged diameter valve portion 36c which reciprocates within guide 34 and has a valve diameter designated dv in Figure 4.
• valve portion 36c and guide 34 have a relatively tight fit to limit leakage of fuel from lower cavity 32b to upper cavity 32a.
• Such tight fit causes the problem of high frictional forces between the valve and guide which limit movement of valve portion 36c in guide 34.
• Such friction causes substantial wear which substantially changes the initial valve and guide diameters so that after prolonged hours of operation, the initial operating characteristics of the nozzle become undesirably changed. Fuel which does leak into upper cavity 32a is returned to the fuel reservoir.
• This embodiment of the invention generally includ ⁇ es housing 28 provided with a guide 34 of a first diameter dg separating upper cavity 32a from lower cavity 32b.
• Valve 36 is provided with an enlarged diameter portion 36a reciprocable in guide 34 and having a second diameter dv, less than the guide diameter dg.
• the diameters dv,dg define a clearance sufficient for passing fluid from the lower cavity 32b to the upper cavity 32a for metering relative fluid pressures in said cavities 32,32b to avoid a hydraulic lock of valve 36 in housing 28. Fluid passing through the clearance forms a lubricating fluid film which assists in hydraulically aligning valve portion 36c in guide 34.
• the clearance varies depending on para ⁇ meters of nozzle 22 relating to the diameter dg and length of guide 34, and the quantity and pressure of fluid volume trapped in upper cavity 32a.
• this embodiment avoids conventional friction and wear problems by cooperatively forming valve diameter dv for reciprocating within guide diameter dg such that the initial diametral clearance clearance between the valve and guide (guide clearance) is expanded from the conventional tight fit (.000100 inches to .000150 inches) to an initial diametral clearance range of from about .000450 inches to about .000650 inches. That is, dg minus dv will preferably vary initially from about .000450 inches to about .000650 inches. Such expanded clearance permits passage or leakage of fuel from lower cavity 32b to upper cavity 32a. Due to the expanded diametral clearance, friction and thus wear are substantially reduced between guide 34 and valve portion 36c.
• Such leakage provides an advan ⁇ tageous lubricating hydraulic film of fluid in the expanded clearance between guide 34 and valve portion 36c.
• Fuel which leaks into cavity 32a is not returned to reservoir 12 since cavity 32a represents a trapped volume having no outlet except for a bleed screw 44 which is normally closed but may be selectively opened if desired.
• the increased guide clearance of the present invention substantially reduces a change in VCP during the useful life of nozzle 22.
• increased guide clearance provides an advantageous hydraulic film between guide 34 and valve portion 36c which permits valve 36 to self align resulting in a centered seating of tip 38 on seat 40 and reduced impact loads during seating of tip 38 on seat 40.
• the diameter dg of guide 34 is about 3.9878 mm
• length of guide 34 is about 7.644 mm
• the graph of Figure 6 illustrates the basis for the preferred guide clearance range.
• the trapped volume of fuel which leaks into upper cavity portion 32a ultimately reaches a peak pressure, that is, the highest
• the peak pressure curve has a substantially stable portion extending from a guide clearance of about .000450 inches to about .000650 inches.
• the portion of the peak pressure curve wherein the guide clearance is greater than .000650 inches illustrates that peak pressure rises at a rate sufficient to eventually cause a hydraulic lock of valve 36 in housing 28.
• the preferred guide clearance range of about i,000450 to about .000650 permits the VCP to substantially stabilize resulting from a combination of forces acting on upper valve portion 36a including forces exerted by spring 42 and forces exerted by trapped volume peak pressure in upper cavity 32a. These forces act across an area defined by the diameter dv of valve 36 at portion 36c. Also, in the preferred guide clearance range, residual pressure is substantially, reduced which lowers VOP required to lift valve 36 for the next injection.
• the present embodiment also uses wear advan- tageously to avoid detrimental VOP loss during the usefule life of nozzle 22.
• This is accomplished by providing seat 40 with preferably a constant conical angle sa and also providing tip 38 with a constant conical angle ta which is less than the angle sa, see Figure 2. It is preferred that angle ta be less than angle sa by a magnitude of from about 2.5 degrees to about 3.5 degrees. In this manner only a lower portion 38a of tip 38 contacts only a lower portion 40a of seat 40. As a result, tip portion 38a and seat portion 40a have an interference fit and contact is made at an initial (solid line) diameter sd, , see Figure 3.
• the area defined by diameter dv of valve 36 at portion 36c and the areas defined by the diameters sd, , sd 2 of valve 36 at tip portion 38a, are the differential areas affected by fuel pressure for causing valve 36 to reciprocate in housing 28 and provide fuel injection. It can be seen, there ⁇ fore, that with an increase from diameter sd, to diameter sd 2 , and with diameter dv and the force of spring 42 re ⁇ maining substantially constant, the difference between the defined areas will be reduced and VOP loss can be avoided.
• An advantage of providing contact between lower tip portion 38a and lower seat portion 40a is a resultant reduction in volume of a sac portion 46. It is well known that a small sac volume 46 is preferred and results in decreasing the emission of hydrocarbons into the atmosphere. Also, a desirable effect of small sac volume and a plurality of small orifices 48 is that some hydraulic damping occurs which aids in cushioning the tip to seat contact.
• An added advantageous feature is demonstrated by the graph of Figure 5 which illustrates that conventional initial VOP occurs at about 2800 psi and, during the life of the valve, for example at 1300 engine hours, the VOP has been substantially lowered to about 2230 psi.
• the present embodiment significantly reduces initial VOP to about 2500 psi which only slightly lowers to about 2330 psi after 1300 engine hours.
• the valve substantially reduces initial VOP and VOP loss when compared to a conventional valve.
• Lower initial VOP results in lower stress in the nozzle which reduces wear and deterioration of the fuel injection apparatus and system.
• Prolonged use of nozzle 22 causes an area of tip 38 to seat 40 contact to increase as defined by an initial diameter sd ⁇ to an eventual diameter of sd2, greater than sd,.
• Diameter dv of valve portion 36c remains substantially constant due to reduced wear between guide 34 and valve portion 36c. As a result, the difference between the areas defined by diameters dv and sd, is reduced and substantial VOP loss is avoided.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Citations (4)

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• 1979
  • 1979-11-30 JP JP50094379A patent/JPS56501655A/ja active Pending
  • 1979-11-30 BR BR7909045A patent/BR7909045A/pt unknown
  • 1979-11-30 WO PCT/US1979/001091 patent/WO1981001592A1/en unknown
• 1980
  • 1980-07-07 CA CA000355609A patent/CA1145218A/en not_active Expired
  • 1980-11-20 EP EP80304156A patent/EP0030103A1/en not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (4)

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