WO1979000214A1 - Refractory ramming mix containing aluminum powder for metal melting furnaces - Google Patents
Refractory ramming mix containing aluminum powder for metal melting furnaces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1979000214A1 WO1979000214A1 PCT/US1978/000114 US7800114W WO7900214A1 WO 1979000214 A1 WO1979000214 A1 WO 1979000214A1 US 7800114 W US7800114 W US 7800114W WO 7900214 A1 WO7900214 A1 WO 7900214A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- alumina
- refractory
- magnesia
- cement
- aluminum
- Prior art date
Links
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 magnesia-chromia Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INJRKJPEYSAMPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;silicic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O INJRKJPEYSAMPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052850 kyanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010443 kyanite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/6303—Inorganic additives
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/03—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
- C04B35/04—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite based on magnesium oxide
- C04B35/043—Refractories from grain sized mixtures
-
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/101—Refractories from grain sized mixtures
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/65—Reaction sintering of free metal- or free silicon-containing compositions
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/0087—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for metallurgical applications
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00939—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for the fabrication of moulds or cores
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
- C04B2235/3817—Carbides
- C04B2235/3826—Silicon carbides
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
- C04B2235/9669—Resistance against chemicals, e.g. against molten glass or molten salts
- C04B2235/9676—Resistance against chemicals, e.g. against molten glass or molten salts against molten metals such as steel or aluminium
Definitions
- such linings may last for less than one week of production.
- the present invention resides in the addition of fine aluminum powder to dry vibratory or ramming mix consisting of a graded refractory grain mixture with or without one or more sintering or bonding aids.
- the aluminum should be present in the calculated amount of from 1 to 15% by volume of the total solids. For alumina mixtures from 1 to 10% by weight is satisfactory. For denser zirconia mixes, less aluminum powder will be required to provide the same volume % in the mix.
- Oxides of boron, particularly boric acid are useful additions and are believed to provide a source of oxygen to promote the combustion of the aluminum powder. Other sources of oxygen are the water from boric acid, ambient atmosphere, and metal oxides, e.g., iron oxide in the contained molten metal.
- the aluminum should be in the form of an impalpable powder, 10 microns or less in particle diameter, preferably 5 microns or less.
- Preferred refractory grains are alumina, magnesia, magnesia-chromia, and spinel. Mixtures of these materials may be used.
- fused spinel (MgO ⁇ Al 2 O 3 ) grain it is desirable to include reactive fines of alumina and magnesia in the mix, which form spinel in situ upon firing, as is well known in the art, to help form a dense lining.
- the aluminum in use conditions in the furnace (or upon preliminary heating), oxidizes to form gamma type alumina, and increases in volume. This results in decreased porosity, and it is believed the heat of combustion of the metal also aids in the sintering.
- ⁇ y WiP pansion of the aluminum when it oxidizes 10% is about the maximum weight percent allowable, and, in general, 15% by volume is the upper limit.
- the most useful refractory grains for metal melting furnace linings of this invention are alumina, magnesia, magnesia-chromia, magnesia-alumina spinel, and alumina-chromia. Of less general utility are linings of silica grains, silicon carbide grains, mullite grains, zircon grains, and zirconia grains.
- mesh size refers to the U.S. Standards mesh sieve screens.
- a preferred example of the invention is composed as follows (all percentages by weight): fused alumina, through 4 on 16 mesh; 38% fused alumina, through 16 on 325 mesh; 25% fused alumina coated with about 4 weight % glass (as disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,793,040), the coated particles being through 24 on 90 mesh; 20% raw kyanite through 170 on 200 mesh; 20% aluminum powder through 200 mesh; 5% silicon carbide powder through 200 mesh; 5% aluminum metal powder, 4.5 micrometer diameter; 3% boric acid 1%
- the cement containing aluminum powder was used in a test in a coreless furnace melting recycled steel. Previously no cement, including those based on silica, zircon, magnesia, and alumina, had lasted a week in this environment.
- fused MgO mix is: fused MgO through 6 on 90 mesh 63% fused MgO 100 mesh and finer 17% fused MgO 200 mesh and finer 15% fused alumina 200 mesh and finer 2% aluminum powder 4 micrometers and finer 3% boric acid (finely divided) 0.5%
- the low temperature flux may be present in an amount as small as 1/2% by weight. Normally not more than 5% of such flux would be employed, and, as indicated below, the low temperature flux can be omitted entirely.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP50005878A JPS54500010A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1977-10-14 | 1978-10-13 | |
| DE2857083A DE2857083C1 (de) | 1977-10-14 | 1978-10-13 | Trockene, feuerfeste Stampfmasse zur monolithischen Auskleidung von Metallschmelzöfen oder -gefäßen |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US84212777A | 1977-10-14 | 1977-10-14 | |
| US842127 | 1977-10-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1979000214A1 true WO1979000214A1 (en) | 1979-04-19 |
Family
ID=25286586
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1978/000114 WO1979000214A1 (en) | 1977-10-14 | 1978-10-13 | Refractory ramming mix containing aluminum powder for metal melting furnaces |
Country Status (9)
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2572724A1 (fr) * | 1984-11-02 | 1986-05-09 | Didier Werke Ag | Piece d'usure refractaire pour couler des masses fondues liquides |
| WO1990013526A1 (fr) * | 1989-04-28 | 1990-11-15 | Kazakhsky Mezhotraslevoi Nauchno-Tekhnichesky Tsentr Svs | Materiau refractaire |
| WO1997029060A1 (en) * | 1996-02-07 | 1997-08-14 | North American Refractories Co. | High density ceramic metal composite exhibiting improved mechanical properties |
| RU2243184C2 (ru) * | 2003-01-10 | 2004-12-27 | ОАО "Первоуральский динасовый завод" (ОАО "ДИНУР") | Огнеупорная масса |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1078224A (zh) * | 1992-03-06 | 1993-11-10 | 特殊耐火材料公司 | 可振动的耐火材料组合物 |
| RU2155734C2 (ru) * | 1998-03-02 | 2000-09-10 | Институт машиноведения и металлургии ДВО РАН | Огнеупорная масса |
| RU2151127C1 (ru) * | 1998-03-02 | 2000-06-20 | Институт машиноведения и металлургии ДВО РАН | Огнеупорная масса |
| CN108530041B (zh) * | 2018-04-13 | 2021-08-10 | 华南理工大学 | 一种高纯高强氧化铝陶瓷及其低温制备方法 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3322551A (en) * | 1967-05-30 | Refractory and method | ||
| US4069060A (en) * | 1974-10-07 | 1978-01-17 | Shinagawa Refractories Co., Ltd. | Alumina-silicon carbide refractories and their method of manufacture |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB402203A (en) * | 1932-08-26 | 1933-11-30 | British Refractories Res Ass | Improved method of producing a coating of an oxide |
| DE644923C (de) * | 1934-10-03 | 1937-05-18 | Hans Momburg | Verfahren zum Ausbessern und Instandhalten von erhitzten Boden-, Wand- und Deckenflaechen von OEfen und Feuerungsanlagen |
| US2283250A (en) * | 1936-05-18 | 1942-05-19 | Goldschmidt Victor Moritz | Manufacture of refractory materials |
| US2331232A (en) * | 1940-07-13 | 1943-10-05 | Donald W Ross | Method of making refractories |
| DE903437C (de) * | 1944-02-29 | 1954-02-04 | Magnesital G M B H | Verfahren zur Herstellung raumbestaendiger Magnesitsteine |
| AT171429B (de) * | 1950-03-08 | 1952-05-26 | Oesterr Amerikan Magnesit | Ungebrannte Magnesit- oder Dolomitsteine oder -massen |
| AT205055B (de) * | 1958-05-16 | 1959-09-10 | Veitscher Magnesitwerke Ag | Verfahren zur Durchführung örtlicher Reparaturen am heißen, feuerfesten Mauerwerk |
| GB1030865A (en) * | 1961-08-02 | 1966-05-25 | Alfred Gordon Evans Robiette | Ceramic materials |
| LU59679A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1968-10-23 | 1970-01-12 | ||
| US3775139A (en) * | 1970-10-26 | 1973-11-27 | Olin Corp | Non-ferrous refractory composition having improved resistance to molten non-ferrous metals and slags |
| US3793040A (en) * | 1972-01-28 | 1974-02-19 | Norton Co | Refractory cement |
-
1978
- 1978-10-13 WO PCT/US1978/000114 patent/WO1979000214A1/en unknown
- 1978-10-13 JP JP50005878A patent/JPS54500010A/ja active Pending
- 1978-10-13 FR FR7829301A patent/FR2405909A1/fr active Pending
- 1978-10-13 GB GB7916453A patent/GB2023568B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-10-13 DE DE2857083A patent/DE2857083C1/de not_active Expired
- 1978-10-14 ES ES474219A patent/ES474219A1/es not_active Expired
- 1978-10-16 IT IT69374/78A patent/IT1160860B/it active
- 1978-10-16 AU AU40731/78A patent/AU520517B2/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-05-29 SE SE7904659A patent/SE419637B/sv unknown
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3322551A (en) * | 1967-05-30 | Refractory and method | ||
| US4069060A (en) * | 1974-10-07 | 1978-01-17 | Shinagawa Refractories Co., Ltd. | Alumina-silicon carbide refractories and their method of manufacture |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2572724A1 (fr) * | 1984-11-02 | 1986-05-09 | Didier Werke Ag | Piece d'usure refractaire pour couler des masses fondues liquides |
| WO1990013526A1 (fr) * | 1989-04-28 | 1990-11-15 | Kazakhsky Mezhotraslevoi Nauchno-Tekhnichesky Tsentr Svs | Materiau refractaire |
| WO1997029060A1 (en) * | 1996-02-07 | 1997-08-14 | North American Refractories Co. | High density ceramic metal composite exhibiting improved mechanical properties |
| RU2243184C2 (ru) * | 2003-01-10 | 2004-12-27 | ОАО "Первоуральский динасовый завод" (ОАО "ДИНУР") | Огнеупорная масса |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2405909A1 (fr) | 1979-05-11 |
| AU4073178A (en) | 1980-04-24 |
| GB2023568A (en) | 1980-01-03 |
| SE419637B (sv) | 1981-08-17 |
| AU520517B2 (en) | 1982-02-04 |
| DE2857083C1 (de) | 1982-06-24 |
| ES474219A1 (es) | 1979-04-01 |
| GB2023568B (en) | 1982-04-21 |
| DE2857083A1 (en) | 1981-01-29 |
| IT7869374A0 (it) | 1978-10-16 |
| IT1160860B (it) | 1987-03-11 |
| JPS54500010A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1979-08-16 |
| SE7904659L (sv) | 1979-05-29 |
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