USRE6241E - Improvement in electro-magnetic fire-alarm telegraphs for cities - Google Patents

Improvement in electro-magnetic fire-alarm telegraphs for cities Download PDF

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USRE6241E
USRE6241E US RE6241 E USRE6241 E US RE6241E
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US
United States
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circuit
alarm
signal
station
stations
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English (en)
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William F. Chaining
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  • the devices connected with said telegraph relate, first, to an electric circuit and one or more sounding mechanisms connected therewith, or with a dependent circuit, and several circuit breaking and closing mechanisms, designed and adapted to give automatically certain different determinate recorded or audible signals, each circuit-breaker acting to thus signalize its own number or other designation of itself;
  • the object of the American fire-alarm tele graph is to give an instantaneous and definite alarm, either general or local, in a city or town, in case of fire, indicating the locality of the fire.
  • the object of the signal-station is to indicate the existence and locality of a fire in its neighborhood to the central. station, or to other signal-stations, or both.
  • the number of signal-stations should, therefore, be multiplied in proportion to the size of the city or town, in order to place one within a suitable distance of every house; and such stations are to be organized to give signals differing from one another, so that each shall indicate uniformly its own location by signalizing its number or other designation; and for fire-alarm purposes it is essentialthat the signalsbe either record ed or audibly sounded.
  • the object of the central station is to receive intelligence of the existence and locality of a fire from a signal-station in the neighbor hood of the fire, and to give a corresponding public alarm through the alarm-bells; and, if
  • the object of the alarm-station which is usually a belfry or bell-tower, is to give a public alarm by means of blows upon a bell. struck by machinery, the action of-which is controlled from the central office or station by telegraph. Instead of a bell, other suitable mechanism for producing sound may be substituted.
  • the function of the signal-circuit is to connect, telegraphically, several signal-stations with the central station, and with each other, or simply to connect several signal-stations with each. other, for signalizing alarms of fire.
  • the function of the alarm-circuit is to con nect, telegraphically, one or more alarnrsta tions with a central station, and with each other, so as to combine such stations into an alarm system for giving public alarm in case which forces the armature-lever f back against the bell h when the electro-magnet e is discharged.
  • 0 c is a break-circuit key, closing the circuit when pressing against the anvil d. This key is operated by the action'of the circuit-wheel b, which is mounted on a shaft, .9, and is turned or caused to rotate by means of the crank at, either with or without the intervention of intermediate gearing.
  • Each circuit-wheel is furnished, as shown, with a certain definite number of points for breaking and closing the circuit a certain number of times in a determinate order, with definite intervals between the breaks and closings, whereby at each revolution of the wheel, at a uniform rate of motion, there will be given,
  • Upon thecircuit-wheel may be two groups of teeth, which groups are separated from each other by spaces greater than the spaces separating the individual teeth of the groups.
  • One of the groups may, by the number of its teeth, represent the number of the fire-district in which the signal-station is located.
  • the other group may, by conventional agreement, represent the number of the signal-station itself in that district.
  • circuit-breaker and spring may be used, constructed and organized to produce a similar effect.
  • an open circuit may be used by the substitution of open-circuit apparatus and magnets, and the bells being struck, if preferred, by direct action, instead of the reaction of a spring.
  • the crank 64 of the circuit-wheel is weighted at a, so that the wheel, after it is put in motion to break the circuit for the purpose of signalizing, will automatically be stopped in position to close the circuit, and keep it closed, when the wheel is at rest, the groups of teeth I) I) being kept in such position that they shall not depress the key 0 a so as to break the circuit; thus the circuit is automatically restored to its normal condition after being broken for the purpose of signalizing.
  • the signal-circuit consists of electrical conductors extending between and passing through several signal-stations, and usually through a central station, embracing all and uniting all such signals and the receiving instruments at such central station, into a system for signalizing alarms of fire. It may consist, however, of conductors connecting and including several signal-stations alone, without including a central station, so that ,an alarm would be signalized from one to all the others by means of the circuit-wheel in the station giving the alarm, and by means of the magnet and bells in all the others.
  • the conductors of the signal-circuit consist usually of telegraphic wires suitably insulated. It is advisable to use duplicate wires, Fig. 1, 'i z" k in, following different routes between all the stations, so as to lessen greatly the probabilityof interruption from accident or'design. In some cases threefold or manifold wires might be used.
  • the conductors of the signal-circuit t 1," 7r. is are represented as connecting only one signal-station with the central. station. It willbe understood that when two or more signal-stations are inclined in the same circuit the conductors of the signal-circuit will connect not only the nearest signalstation with the central station, but neighboring signal-stations witheach other.
  • each of the signal-circuits there may be several signalstations, organized to give definite and difierent signals, each thereby invariably indicating its own locality, or there may be but a single signal-circuit, having upon it several such signal-stations, whereby. signals from each station are transmitted to all the others, the object being to bring all parts of a municipality into communication with a center, or with each other, or botha signal from any station indicating to the others the locality of such signalizing-station, and by the means de scribed a high municipal organization may be effected.
  • a city or town provided with this system may be conveniently divided into several tire-districts, in each of which may be one or more signal-stations, duly numbered or otherwise designated, each signal-station being organized to signalize its own number or other designation of key m m, and by the corresponding action of the armatures and bells or other receivinginstruments, for sounding or recording signals at the other stations, the number of the station which originated the alarm.
  • the transmitting-apparatus of the central station consists, in general, of a galvanic battery, C, (Section 13,) or its equivalent, an automatic or other apparatus, A A B, for connecting at suitable times and intervals the alarm-battery C with the wires E E D D" of the alarm circuit or circuits.
  • a simple form of this apparatus may be a crank, A, a circuit wheel, A, and spring B, the circuit-wheel having a number of teeth, A, corresponding with the number of the districtto be indicated on the bells, and these teeth, by the rotation of the wheel, coming into contact with the spring B, and thereby connecting one pole of the battery 0 with the alarm-circuit D D, the other pole of the battery 0 being already connected with the return part (so to speak) E E of the alarm-circuit.
  • central stations may be used, instead of a single central station.
  • Central stations may also sometimes be conveniently combined with an alarm-station.
  • the alarm-circuit consists of electrical conductors extending between and including one or more alarm-stations and the transmittinginstrumentsof the central station. These conductors'are usually duplicate and well-insulated telegraphic wires between the stations, as in the signal-circuit already described, their object and efiect being to establish telegraphic communication between the stations, and to connect the functions of the transmitting-instruments of the central station with those of the alarm machinery at the alarm-stations. There may be several alarm-circuits, each including several alarm-stations, in the same way as there may be several signal-circuits.
  • the conductors of the alarm-circuit Fig. 1, I) D E E, are represented as connecting one alarm-station with the central station. If more than one alarml station is included in the same alarm-circuit, it will be understood that the conductors of E the alarm-circuit will connect not only the l nearest alarm-station with the central station, but neighboring alarm-stations with each i other. l Two or more alarm-stations being included i in the same alarm-circuit, the bells at such stations may strike synchronously in obedience l to any telegraphic impulse sent to them from the central station through the proper apparatus.
  • circuits radiatin g from the central station they may be united at the central station, so as to constitute really but a single electrical circuit, or the same electrical impulse may be sent over them, each in rapid succession, whereby a great saving of electrical power may be attained, and the practical result of nearly synchronous action at the alarm-stations be still preserved. In either case they constitute one alarm system.
  • the alarm-circuits may be divided or varied in arrangement for purposes of convenience and economy of construction, and each circuit may include any desirable number of alarm stations, but they still constitute, it connected with the central station, one alarm system, and a part or the whole of this system may be called into action at once, according as it is desired, to give a partial or general alarm of fire in a city, for the better accomplishment of the purposes of municipal organization set forth.
  • the breaking and restoring the circuit by the operation of the signal-wheel band key 0 0 causes the electro-magnet and armature at the central station, by repeated strokes on the hell 1*, to indicate to the operator there the number of the district and station whence the alarm originates, and also gives the like indication at each signal-station on the line.
  • the operator at the central station upon this learning the existence and locality of the fire, puts in motion the transmitting apparatus A A B, and thereby causes the bells lVhere there are two or more alarmat the alarm-stations to indicate, by the number of their strokes, the locality whence the alarm originates.
  • the operator may also tap on the key 1/: m the number of the signal-station originating the alarm, and thereby repeat the indications thus given on the line Where the alarm originates over all the other lines, or telegraph any other intelligence.
  • the firemen may thus be able at once to take their engines by the nearest route to the fire.
  • the conductors of the American tire-alarm telegraph may be carried duly insulated on posts through the streets or under ground; but may be preferably carried over the tops of houses, Where they are less liable to injury.
  • a signalizing apparatus consisting of an electric circuit, asounding or recording mechanism, and several automatic cirenitbreakers adapted to give determinate and difierent l signals, substantially as described.
  • a signalizing apparatus consisting of an electric circuit, a sounding or recording mechanism, and several automatic circuit-breakers adapted to give determinate and different signals, substantially as described, and a device, whereby the several circuit-breakers, after being put in motion to break or close the circuit for signalizing, shall automatically be stopped in position to restore the circuit to its normal condition or to correctly commence a repetition of the signals, as described.
  • a signalizing apparatus consisting of an electric circuit, a sounding or recording mechanism, and an automatic circuit breaker adapted to give determined signals, and a device, whereby said circuit-breaker, after the giving of such a signal, shall automatically be stopped in such a manner that a signal may be repeated by a direct forward movement, as described.
  • An electric circuit and a circuit-breaker permanently organized with two or more groups of circuit-breaking or circuit-closing points, the several groups being separated by spaces greater than the spaces separating the individual point-s of the groups, substantially as and for the purpose described.

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