USRE47049E1 - Microphone array system - Google Patents
Microphone array system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE47049E1 USRE47049E1 US15/293,626 US201615293626A USRE47049E US RE47049 E1 USRE47049 E1 US RE47049E1 US 201615293626 A US201615293626 A US 201615293626A US RE47049 E USRE47049 E US RE47049E
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- sound
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/80—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- G01S3/802—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
- G01S3/805—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of real or effective orientation of directivity characteristics of a transducer or transducer system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that transducer or transducer system, e.g. to give a maximum or minimum signal
- G01S3/8055—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of real or effective orientation of directivity characteristics of a transducer or transducer system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that transducer or transducer system, e.g. to give a maximum or minimum signal adjusting orientation of a single directivity characteristic to produce maximum or minimum signal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/80—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- G01S3/801—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/18—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves
- G01S5/22—Position of source determined by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
- H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
- H04R1/406—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers microphones
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R3/005—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for combining the signals of two or more microphones
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
- H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
- H04M3/56—Arrangements for connecting several subscribers to a common circuit, i.e. affording conference facilities
- H04M3/568—Arrangements for connecting several subscribers to a common circuit, i.e. affording conference facilities audio processing specific to telephonic conferencing, e.g. spatial distribution, mixing of participants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2201/40—Details of arrangements for obtaining desired directional characteristic by combining a number of identical transducers covered by H04R1/40 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2201/401—2D or 3D arrays of transducers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2201/40—Details of arrangements for obtaining desired directional characteristic by combining a number of identical transducers covered by H04R1/40 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2201/403—Linear arrays of transducers
Definitions
- the adaptive beamforming unit 203 steers the directivity pattern of the microphone array 201 in a direction of the spatial location of the target sound signal, thereby enhancing the target sound signal and partially suppressing the ambient noise signals.
- the adaptive beamforming unit 203 comprises a fixed beamformer 204 , a blocking matrix 205 , and an adaptive filter 206 as disclosed in the detailed description of FIG. 10 .
- the fixed beamformer 204 performs fixed beamforming by filtering and summing output sound signals from each of the sound sensors in the microphone array 201 as disclosed in the detailed description of FIG. 4 .
- the adaptive filter 206 is implemented as a set of sub-band adaptive filters.
- the adaptive filter 206 comprises an analysis filter bank 206 a, an adaptive filter matrix 206 b, and a synthesis filter bank 206 c as disclosed in the detailed description of FIG. 11 .
- FIG. 4 exemplarily illustrates a graphical representation of the filter-and-sum beamforming algorithm for determining the output of the microphone array 201 having N sound sensors 301 .
- the microphone array configuration is arbitrary in a two dimensional plane, for example, a circular array configuration where the sound sensors 301 M 0 , M 1 , M 2 , . . . , M N , M N ⁇ 1 of the microphone array 201 are arbitrarily positioned on a circle 302 .
- the sound signals received by each of the sound sensors 301 in the microphone array 201 are inputs to the microphone array 201 .
- the time delay between the signal received by the (n+1) th sound sensor 301 “x n ,” and the origin of the microphone array 201 is herein denoted as “t” measured in seconds.
- the sound signals received by the microphone array 201 which are in analog form are converted into digital sound signals by sampling the analog sound signals at a particular frequency, for example, 8000 Hz. That is, the number of samples in each second is 8000.
- FIG. 7A exemplarily illustrates a graphical representation of a microphone array 201 , when the target sound source in a three dimensional plane.
- the target sound signal from the target sound source is received from the direction ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) with reference to the origin of the microphone array 201 , where ⁇ is the elevation angle and ⁇ is the azimuth.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
- Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
where
H(ω,θ)=Σn=0 N−1Wn(ω)e−jωτ
where wT=[w0 T, w1 T, w2 T, w3 T, . . . , wN−1 T] and g(ω,θ)={gi(ω, θ)}i=1 . . . NL={e−jω(k+τ
Replacing
|H(ω,θ)|2=wTg(ω,θ)gH(ω,θ)w=wT(GR(ω,θ)+jG1(ω,θ))w=wTGR(ω,θ)w and Re(H(ω,θ))=wTgR(ω,θ), J(ω) becomes
J(ω)=wTQw−2wTα+d, where
Q=∫Ω
α=∫Ω
d=∫Ω
where gR(ω,θ)=cos [w(k+τn)] and GR(ω,θ)=cos [w(k−1+τn−τm)].
w=Q−1α (5)
Now, the design problem becomes:
and the solution of the constrained minimization problem is equal to:
w=Q−1CT(CQ−1CT)−1(b−CQ−1α)+Q−1α (8)
where w is the filter parameter for the designed
Therefore, the spatial location of the target sound signal is given 804 by:
Claims (35)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US15/293,626 USRE47049E1 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2016-10-14 | Microphone array system |
US16/052,623 USRE48371E1 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2018-08-02 | Microphone array system |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US40395210P | 2010-09-24 | 2010-09-24 | |
US13/049,877 US8861756B2 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2011-03-16 | Microphone array system |
US15/293,626 USRE47049E1 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2016-10-14 | Microphone array system |
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US13/049,877 Reissue US8861756B2 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2011-03-16 | Microphone array system |
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US13/049,877 Continuation US8861756B2 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2011-03-16 | Microphone array system |
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USRE47049E1 true USRE47049E1 (en) | 2018-09-18 |
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US13/049,877 Ceased US8861756B2 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2011-03-16 | Microphone array system |
US15/293,626 Active 2033-05-18 USRE47049E1 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2016-10-14 | Microphone array system |
US16/052,623 Active 2033-05-18 USRE48371E1 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2018-08-02 | Microphone array system |
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US13/049,877 Ceased US8861756B2 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2011-03-16 | Microphone array system |
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