USRE45318E1 - Method for processing explosives containing 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05,903,11]-dodecane (CL-20) with naphthenic and paraffinic oils - Google Patents
Method for processing explosives containing 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05,903,11]-dodecane (CL-20) with naphthenic and paraffinic oils Download PDFInfo
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- USRE45318E1 USRE45318E1 US11/437,006 US43700606A USRE45318E US RE45318 E1 USRE45318 E1 US RE45318E1 US 43700606 A US43700606 A US 43700606A US RE45318 E USRE45318 E US RE45318E
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
- C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
- C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
- C06B45/105—The resin being a polymer bearing energetic groups or containing a soluble organic explosive
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/34—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitrated acyclic, alicyclic or heterocyclic amine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
- C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
- C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the improved processing of energetic materials, in particular explosives, such as those used in warhead, munitions, and other highly energetic applications. More particularly, the method of this invention allows for the processing of explosives containing high solid loads of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5.5.0.0. 5,9 0 3,11 ]-dodecane (also known and referred to herein as “CL-20” and “HNIW”).
- CL-20 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5.5.0.0. 5,9 0 3,11 ]-dodecane
- CL-20 is an organic oxidizing compound presenting significant opportunities in terms of energy capabilities for explosives.
- the use of CL-20 as part of the explosive charge in weapons systems may provide, in comparison to conventional energetic fillers, increased antiarmor penetration and enhanced missile/torpedo effectiveness and lethality.
- solid ingredients are added in a multistep fashion, with an equal proportion typically being added in each step.
- cast explosive compositions typically contain high solid contents on the order of about 85 wt % to 92 wt %.
- solid ingredients include the following: organic energetic fillers such as RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane), HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane); inorganic oxidizers, such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium dinitramide, and ammonium perchlorate; and metal fuels, such as aluminum powder.
- a curative e.g., a diisocyanate
- a cure catalyst e.g., triphenyl bismuth
- plasticizer When an effective amount of plasticizer is used in combination with RDX or HMX as the energetic filler, the solid ingredients are wetted and coated and the mixture takes on a sufficiently low viscosity to create a relatively free-flowing suspension that is castable without too much difficulty. Generally, it is possible to employ an effective amount of plasticizer to establish a free-flowing suspension without causing the plasticizer to exude from the cast explosive.
- the amount of plasticizer needed to homogeneously disperse CL-20 loads in conventional plasticized binders and create a free-flowing casting mixture is typically so great that the plasticizer exudes from the cast explosive material.
- the exuding of plasticizer from the cast explosive material can cause the material to shrink and separate from its surrounding case.
- an object of thisThis invention to fulfillfulfills a long-standing need in the art by providing a technique in which an explosive composition characterized by a high solid content, including a high proportion of CL-20 as one of the solid ingredients, can be processed without encountering the above-discussed problems of high viscosity, poor castability, and plasticizer exudation.
- a method of processing explosives in which at least one plasticizer selected from the group consisting of naphthenic oil and paraffinic oil is mixed with at least one binder that is miscible with the naphthenic/paraffinic oil.
- the plasticized binder is then combined with solid energetic ingredients, in particular CL-20, and optionally other solid ingredients, such as other energetic fillers, metal fuels, oxidizers, and fillers.
- solid ingredients content of the explosive composition is preferably high, meaning that the total amount of polymeric binder and processing oil remaining in the cast explosive material is not more than about 15% by weight.
- the solid ingredients content of the explosive material is in the range of about 85 wt % to about 92 wt %, more preferably 86 wt % to 91 wt %.
- solid ingredients means ingredients that are in a solid state at room temperature, and exclude the polymeric binder and the plasticizing processing oils.
- the resulting explosive composition has a sufficiently low viscosity to allow for homogeneous mixing of the solid ingredients in the plasticized binder and to establish, prior to curing of the composition, a relatively free-flowing suspension that can be cast into a desired configuration without the formation of air pockets.
- the method of the present invention produces cast explosives without the need to rely on solvents and high-shear mixing equipment. Instead, the introduction of an effective amount of naphthenic oil and/or paraffinic oil as a plasticizer in accordance with the practice of this invention permits explosive compositions containing high solid ingredients contents to be processed at sufficiently low viscosities to establish free-flowing suspensions.
- a binder system is prepared by introducing at least one liquid binder and at least one plasticizer comprising naphthenic oil and/or paraffinic oil into a mixer and intimately mixing the binder and plasticizer with each other to form a homogeneous miscible solution.
- the viscosity of the mixture increases.
- a multimodal distribution of nitramine particles in particular a bimodal or trimodal distribution, is used to improve mix viscosity.
- the composition After mixing to homogeneity, the composition is cast into a mold or container and allowed to cross-link and solidify into the desired shape.
- a curative and, optionally, a cure catalyst are added during processing. Although the curative and cure catalyst are preferably (but not necessarily) added last, the cure catalyst may be added into the binder system prior to the addition of the solid ingredients.
- suitable mixers for blending the binder system with the solid ingredients under low-shear conditions include a vertical sigma-blade mixer and, in the case of a continuous process, a twin-screw extruder, although these examples are not intended to be exhaustive of the types of apparatuses that may be used to practice the method of this invention.
- Mixing is generally performed in a temperature range of about room temperature to about 65° C., since mixing above about 70° C. can cause premature curing of the composition.
- mixing is performed at about 45° C. to about 60° C. to lower the mix viscosity, and subsequent cure is performed at 45° C. to 70° C., preferably about 57° C.
- Typical formulations for cast explosive compositions include at least 85 wt % solid ingredients, although more commonly the concentration of solid ingredients for cast explosive composition is in a range of about 86 wt % to about 91 wt % of solid loads, based on the total weight of the dry explosive. Lower than about 85 wt % solid loads can impede homogeneous distribution of the solid ingredients, especially when large coarse loads are used. Practicing higher than about 91 wt % solid loads can interfere with mix efficiency due to high viscosities that accompany high solid loading.
- the amount of nitramine in the explosive composition is dependent upon the intended use of the explosive, the nitramine energetic filler is usually present in the highest concentration than any other single ingredient in the explosive composition. Generally, from 30 wt % to 91 wt % of the total weight of the dry explosive composition is comprised of nitramines. The minimum amount of nitramines used in the explosive composition generally depends upon the intended application of the explosive.
- high detonation pressure explosives may have nitramine concentrations of about 86 wt % to 91 wt % based on the total dry weight of the explosive composition, whereas fragment-accelerating explosives and blast explosives contain oxidizers and metals that reduce the overall concentration of nitramines to as low as about 30 wt %.
- CL-20 is contemplated as the nitramine of choice for this invention, it is also within the scope of this invention to use CL-20 in combination with other energetic fillers, including other nitramines.
- exemplary nitramines suitable for the energetic composition of this invention include TEX (4,10-dinitro-2,6,8,12-tetraoxa-4,10-diazatetracyclo-5.5.0.0 5,9 0 3,11 -dodecane), RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triaza-cyclohexane), and/or HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraaza-cyclooctane).
- At least 30% by weight to 91% by weight, more preferably 86% by weight to 91% by weight, of the total dry explosive composition comprises CL-20 as the nitramine, since the processing oil used in this invention is specifically designed for overcoming problems that conventional processes have in homogeneously mixing CL-20 into a curable plasticized binder and casting the mixture.
- the energetic filler may exclusively consist of either CL-20 alone or CL-20 in combination with TEX, HMX, and/or RDX
- other solid ingredients may optionally be used with these nitramines.
- suitable optional solid ingredients includes other energetic fillers, oxidizers, metals, and reinforcing particles or fibers.
- Representative energetic fillers include NTO (3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one), NQ (nitroguanidine), TATB (1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene), and DADNE (1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitro ethane).
- Representative oxidizers suitable for nonaqueous processing include AP (ammonium perchlorate), AN (ammonium nitrate), HAN (hydroxylammonium nitrate), ADN (ammonium dinitramide), HNF (hydrazinium nitroformate) or mixtures thereof.
- Representative reactive metals include aluminum.
- the metals and oxidizer may be present as a powder, particles, and/or in other forms. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other known and novel solid ingredients suitable for explosive compositions and not listed above may also be used in the present invention.
- the plasticizer i.e., the naphthenic oil and/or paraffinic oil
- the binder comprise not more than about 15% by weight of the total weight of the dry explosive composition, more preferably 9% by weight to 14% by weight of the total dry weight of the explosive composition.
- the plasticizer-to-binder weight ratio is preferably about 1:1.
- the amount of plasticizer may exceed this preferred weight ratio, so long as controlled to not exude the plasticizer from the cast explosive.
- the amount of binder may be increased above the 1:1 weight ratio, so long as the viscosity of the explosive composition is not raised too high.
- the Brookfield viscosity of the explosive composition prior to cure is no higher than 30 kilopoise (kp) at processing temperatures.
- naphthenic oil and “paraffinic oil” are often used interchangeably, since these processing oils typically include paraffins, cycloparaffins, and aromatic components. Naphthenic and paraffinic oils are refined products of crude petroleum. Representative naphthenic oils include, by example and not exclusive of the scope of this invention, STAN PLAS oils, whereas examples of paraffinic oils include SUNPAR.
- inert plasticizers include DOA (dioctyladipate), IDP (isodecylperlargonate), DOP (dioctylphthalate), DOM (dioctylmaleate), DBP (dibutylphthalate), or mixtures thereof.
- DOA dioctyladipate
- IDP isodecylperlargonate
- DOP dioctylphthalate
- DOM dioctylmaleate
- DBP dibutylphthalate
- substitution of one of these conventional plasticizers for either naphthenic processing oil or paraffinic processing oil will generally raise the viscosity of the castable explosive composition, requiring the weight ratio of plasticizer-to-binder to be raised.
- Suitable binders include those miscible with the processing oil and suitable for casting.
- Preferred binders include one or more members selected from the group consisting of hydroxy-functional polydiolefin prepolyrners prepolymers, such as HTPB (hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene) and hydroxy-terminated polyisoprene; and carboxy-functional polydiolefin prepolymers, such as CTPB (carboxy-terminated polybutadiene) (available from Morton).
- CTPB carboxy-functional polydiolefin prepolymers
- CTPB carboxy-functional polydiolefin prepolymers
- CTPB carboxy-functional polydiolefin prepolymers
- CTPB carboxy-functional polydiolefin prepolymers
- CTPB carboxy-functional polydiolefin prepolymers
- CTPB carboxy-functional polydiolefin prepolymers
- CTPB carboxy-functional polydi
- Polyacrylates and polymethacrylates reacted with small amounts of a comonomer may be practiced.
- Suitable polyacrylates that are miscible with the processing oil include poly(hexylacrylate) and poly(ethylhexylacrylate) and their copolymers; the methacrylate analogs to hexyl- and 2-ethylhexylacrylate may also be used.
- Suitable inert polyoxetanes miscible with the processing oil include poly(dimethyloxetane) and poly(diethyloxetane), or mixtures and copolymers thereof.
- Halogenated binders may also be used, including, for example, VITON® (vinylidenefluoride-co-tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene or vinylidenefluoride-co-tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoro(methylvinylether)) and KEL-F® (vinylidenefluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene).
- surfactants such as lecithin
- curatives are added in an amount of from about 0.5 wt % to about 3 wt %, and one or more cure catalysts are added in an amount of from about 0.01 wt % to about 2 wt %.
- exemplary curatives for the hydroxy-multifunctional polydiolefin prepolymers and carboxy-functional polydiolefin prepolymers are chain-extending diisocyanates, such as isophoronediisocyanate (IDPI), dimeryldiisocyanate (DDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and tetramethylxylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), although it is within the scope of this invention to use polyisocyanates.
- the carboxy-functional polydiolefin prepolymers can also be cured with aziridine compounds, for example.
- Epoxy curatives are suitable for curing the polyacrylates.
- Exemplary cure catalysts include Lewis acids, triphenylbismuth, and alkyltin compounds, such as dibutyltindiluarate.
- munitions and ordnances comprise an explosive fill, an outer case (optionally capable of fragmentation into shrapnel), optionally a liner (typically metal), a fuse system, and a detonator. Preparation of such explosive devices is within the purview of those skilled in the art and can be practiced with the explosives of this invention without undue experimentation.
- Advantages of this process include improved homogeneity in the explosive material, enhanced processability during mixing and casting, and lower production costs.
- the improved homogeneity is attributable to the lower viscosity of the uncured energetic composition.
- the lower viscosity permits for more thorough blending, especially when solid ingredient addition is performed in a multistep fashion. It will also be appreciated that the lower viscosity imparts greater flowability to the suspension of CL-20 in the binder system, thereby allowing the suspension to be cast into various configurations. Lower production costs arise by circumventing the need for high-shear mixing equipment.
- a binder system was prepared by combining 5.27 grams of hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (trade name R-45M), 5.69 grams of STAN PLAS 100, 0.60 grams of lecithin, and 0.01 grams of triphenylbismuth into a mixture warmed to 26.7° C. (80° F.) and mixing by hand until homogeneous. Then, 18.25 grams of coarse CL-20 (and 4 grams of methylene chloride) were added to the mixer and mixed for five minutes to homogeneity. The remaining 18.25 grams of coarse CL-20 (and 4 grams of methylene chloride) were then added and mixed for 10 minutes into the binder system to reach homogeneity.
- Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated for each of Comparative Examples A and B, except that 5.69 grams of IDP were substituted for the STAN PLAS in Comparative Example A and 5.69 grams of DOA were substituted for the STAN PLAS in Comparative Example B.
- the reported viscosities are at about 60° C. (140° F.).
- Example 1 containing CL-20 with a naphthenic processing oil plasticizer, has a much lower viscosity than Comparative Examples A and B, which used conventional IDP and DOA plasticizers.
- a binder system was prepared by combining 3.95 grams of hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (trade name R-45M), 4.27 grams of STAN PLAS 300, 0.45 grams of lecithin, and 0.01 grams of triphenylbismuth into a mixture warmed to 60° C. (140° F.) and mixing by hand until homogeneous. Then, 13.69 grams of coarse CL-20 were added to the mixer and mixed for ten minutes to homogeneity. The remaining 13.69 grams of coarse CL-20 were then added and homogeneously mixed for 15 minutes into the binder system. Next, 13.69 grams of the 11 micron CL-20 were added, mixed for 15 minutes, and allowed to stand for 1 hour.
- R-45M hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene
- STAN PLAS 300 0.45 grams of lecithin
- triphenylbismuth triphenylbismuth
- Example 2 The procedure of Example 2 was repeated for each of Examples 3 and 4, except that 4.27 grams of STAN PLAS 500 were substituted for the STAN PLAS 300 in Example 3 and 4.27 grams of STAN PLAS 1200 were substituted for the STAN PLAS 300 in Example 4.
- Example 2 The procedure of Example 2 was repeated for Comparative Example C, except that 4.25 grams of IDP were substituted for the STAN PLAS 300.
- a binder system was prepared by combining 3.95 grams of hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (trade name R-45M), 1.88 grams of STAN PLAS 100, 2.39 grams of IDP, 0.45 grams of lecithin, and 0.02 grams of triphenylbismuth into a mixture warmed to 60° C. (140° F.) and mixing by hand until homogeneous. Then, 13.69 grams of coarse CL-20 were added to the mixer and mixed for 10 minutes to homogeneity. Another 13.69 grams of coarse CL-20 were then added and homogeneously mixed for 15 minutes into the binder system. Next, 13.69 grams of the 11 micron CL-20 were added, mixed for 15 minutes, and allowed to stand for 1 hour.
- Example 5 The procedure of Example 5 was repeated for Example 6, except that 1.88 grams of STAN PLAS 500 were substituted for the STAN PLAS 100 of Example 5.
- Example 5 The procedure of Example 5 was repeated for Example 7, except that the amount of STAN PLAS 100 was lowered to 0.75 grams and the amount of IDP was raised to 3.51 grams.
- Example 7 The procedure of Example 7 was repeated for Example 8, except that 0.75 grams of STAN PLAS 500 were substituted for the STAN PLAS 100 of Example 7.
- Example 6 Example 7
- Example 8 Hydroxy-terminated 5.27 5.27 5.27 polybutadiene Lecithin 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 IPDI 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 Triphenylbismuth 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
- STAN PLAS 100 2.50 — 1.00 — STAN PLAS 500 — 2.50 — 1.00 IDP 3.18 3.18 4.68 4.68 CL-20 (coarse) 36.50 36.50 36.50 36.50 CL-20 (11 micron) 36.50 36.50 36.50 36.50 CL-20 (2 micron) 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 End of Mix 16.0 kp at 13.1 kp at 25.4 kp at 28.4 kp at Viscosity 58.2° C. 58.6° C. 58.8° C. 58.8° C. all parts are by weight percentage.
- Example 9 A comparison of Example 9 against Comparative Examples D and E demonstrates the viscosity-lowering effect that STAN PLAS naphthenic oil has with CL-20 compositions. Compared to CL-20-loaded compositions having IDP and DOA plasticizers, Example 9 showed a decrease in viscosity of 94.1% ((41 kp-2.4 kp)/41 kp) and 97.5% ((96 kp-2.4 kp)/96 kp), respectively.
- the STAN PLAS naphthenic oil did not have as profound an effect with compositions loaded with either HMX or RDX.
- HMX-loaded compositions F and G the use of STAN PLAS naphthenic oil (Comparative Example F) instead of IDP (Comparative Example G) decreased the viscosity only 27.5% ((40 kp-29 kp)/40 kp).
- RDX-loaded compositions H and I the use of STAN PLAS naphthenic oil (Comparative Example H) instead of IDP (Comparative Example I) decreased the viscosity only 33% ((18 kp-12 kp)/18 kp) compared to IDP.
- Examples 10-12 demonstrate that the superior viscosity-enhancing effect of the present invention can also be found in high solid loads of 90% by weight.
- Example 11 Hydroxy-terminated 4.39 4.39 4.39 polybutadiene Lecithin 0.5 0.5 0.5 IPDI 0.36 0.36 0.36 Triphenylbismuth 0.01 0.01 0.01 STAN PLAS 100 4.74 4.74 4.74 CL-20 (coarse) 37.30 35.30 35.30 CL-20 (11 micron) 37.30 37.30 37.30 CL-20 (2 micron) 15.40 17.40 17.40 End of Mix Viscosity 11.4 15.5 11.8 kp kp kp all parts are by weight percentage.
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Abstract
Description
TABLE 1 | |||
Comparative | Comparative | ||
Example 1 | Example A | Example B | |
Hydroxy-terminated | 5.27 | 5.27 | 5.27 |
polybutadiene | |||
Lecithin | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
IPDI | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.43 |
Triphenylbismuth | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
STAN PLAS 100 | 5.69 | — | — |
IDP | — | 5.69 | — |
DOA | — | — | 5.69 |
CL-20 (coarse) | 36.50 | 36.50 | 36.50 |
CL-20 (11 micron) | 36.50 | 36.50 | 36.50 |
CL-20 (2 micron) | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 |
End of Mix | 2.4 kp | 41 kp | 96 kp |
Viscosity | |||
all parts are by weight percentage. |
TABLE 2 | ||||
Example | Example | Example | Comparative | |
2 | 3 | 4 | Example C | |
Hydroxy-terminated | 5.27 | 5.27 | 5.27 | 5.27 |
polybutadiene | ||||
Lecithin | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
IPDI | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.43 |
Triphenylbismuth | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
STAN PLAS 300 | 5.69 | — | — | — |
STAN PLAS 500 | — | 5.69 | — | — |
STAN PLAS 1200 | — | — | 5.69 | — |
IDP | — | — | — | 5.66 |
CL-20 (coarse) | 36.50 | 36.50 | 36.50 | |
CL-20 (11 micron) | 36.50 | 36.50 | 36.50 | |
CL-20 (2 micron) | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | |
End of Mix | 3.2 kp at | 3.8 kp at | 5.0 kp at | 35 kp at |
Viscosity | 58.8° C. | 59.3° C. | 59.5° C. | 59.5° C. |
all parts are by weight percentage. |
TABLE 3 | ||||
Example 5 | Example 6 | Example 7 | Example 8 | |
Hydroxy-terminated | 5.27 | 5.27 | 5.27 | 5.27 |
polybutadiene | ||||
Lecithin | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 |
IPDI | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.43 |
Triphenylbismuth | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
STAN PLAS 100 | 2.50 | — | 1.00 | — |
STAN PLAS 500 | — | 2.50 | — | 1.00 |
IDP | 3.18 | 3.18 | 4.68 | 4.68 |
CL-20 (coarse) | 36.50 | 36.50 | 36.50 | 36.50 |
CL-20 (11 micron) | 36.50 | 36.50 | 36.50 | 36.50 |
CL-20 (2 micron) | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 |
End of Mix | 16.0 kp at | 13.1 kp at | 25.4 kp at | 28.4 kp at |
Viscosity | 58.2° C. | 58.6° C. | 58.8° C. | 58.8° C. |
all parts are by weight percentage. |
TABLE 4 | ||
Example | Comparative Examples |
9 | D | E | F | G | H | I | |
Hydroxy-terminated | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.58 | 6.58 | 6.31 | 6.31 |
poly-butadiene | |||||||
STAN PLAS | 5.70 | — | — | 5.42 | — | 5.69 | — |
LDP | — | 5.70 | — | — | 5.42 | — | 5.69 |
DOA | — | — | 5.70 | — | — | — | — |
CL-20 | 88.00 | 88.00 | 88.00 | ||||
HMX | 88.00 | 88.00 | |||||
RDX | 88.00 | 88.00 | |||||
Viscosity | 2.4 kp | 41 kp | 96 kp | 29 kp | 40 kp | 12 kp | 18 kp |
all parts are by weight percentage. |
TABLE 5 | |||
Example 10 | Example 11 | Example 12 | |
Hydroxy-terminated | 4.39 | 4.39 | 4.39 |
polybutadiene | |||
Lecithin | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
IPDI | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.36 |
Triphenylbismuth | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
STAN PLAS 100 | 4.74 | 4.74 | 4.74 |
CL-20 (coarse) | 37.30 | 35.30 | 35.30 |
CL-20 (11 micron) | 37.30 | 37.30 | 37.30 |
CL-20 (2 micron) | 15.40 | 17.40 | 17.40 |
End of Mix Viscosity | 11.4 | 15.5 | 11.8 |
kp | kp | kp | |
all parts are by weight percentage. |
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/437,006 USRE45318E1 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2006-05-17 | Method for processing explosives containing 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05,903,11]-dodecane (CL-20) with naphthenic and paraffinic oils |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US24419300P | 2000-10-31 | 2000-10-31 | |
US10/000,244 US6736913B1 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2001-10-18 | Method for processing explosives containing 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo [5.5.0.05,903,11]-dodecan (CL-20) with naphthenic and paraffinic oils |
US11/437,006 USRE45318E1 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2006-05-17 | Method for processing explosives containing 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05,903,11]-dodecane (CL-20) with naphthenic and paraffinic oils |
Related Parent Applications (1)
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US10/000,244 Reissue US6736913B1 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2001-10-18 | Method for processing explosives containing 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo [5.5.0.05,903,11]-dodecan (CL-20) with naphthenic and paraffinic oils |
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US10/000,244 Ceased US6736913B1 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2001-10-18 | Method for processing explosives containing 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo [5.5.0.05,903,11]-dodecan (CL-20) with naphthenic and paraffinic oils |
US11/437,006 Expired - Lifetime USRE45318E1 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2006-05-17 | Method for processing explosives containing 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05,903,11]-dodecane (CL-20) with naphthenic and paraffinic oils |
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