USRE44538E1 - Indium gallium nitride channel high electron mobility transistors, and method of making the same - Google Patents
Indium gallium nitride channel high electron mobility transistors, and method of making the same Download PDFInfo
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- USRE44538E1 USRE44538E1 US11/211,122 US21112205A USRE44538E US RE44538 E1 USRE44538 E1 US RE44538E1 US 21112205 A US21112205 A US 21112205A US RE44538 E USRE44538 E US RE44538E
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- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 4
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 3
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000037230 mobility Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgallium Chemical compound C[Ga](C)C XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IBEFSUTVZWZJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylindium Chemical compound C[In](C)C IBEFSUTVZWZJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005516 deep trap Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/778—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/778—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface
- H01L29/7782—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface with confinement of carriers by at least two heterojunctions, e.g. DHHEMT, quantum well HEMT, DHMODFET
- H01L29/7783—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface with confinement of carriers by at least two heterojunctions, e.g. DHHEMT, quantum well HEMT, DHMODFET using III-V semiconductor material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/20—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
- H01L29/2003—Nitride compounds
Definitions
- the invention was made in the performance of the U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command, Contract Number DASG60-98-C-0025. The government has certain rights in the invention.
- This invention relates to high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) devices and method of making the same.
- HEMT high electron mobility transistor
- GaN based materials have physical and electronic properties that make them attractive for high temperature, high power and high frequency devices.
- Wide bandgap semiconductors GaN and SiC
- GaN and SiC have inherently lower thermal carrier generation rates and higher breakdown fields compared to Si and GaAs, as shown in Table 1 below.
- GaN has additional advantages including a high (>800 cm 2 /Vs) electron mobility and a high (>10 7 cm/sec) electron velocity. Furthermore, high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) which offer higher mobilities, better charge confinement and higher breakdown voltages can be fabricated in the AlGaN/GaN materials system. Room temperature radio frequency (8-10 GHz) output powers on the order of 6-8 W/mm are theoretically possible in the AlGaN/GaN materials system and power densities as high as 6.8 W/mm have recently been reported (S. T. Sheppard, et al., 56 th Device Research Conference, Charlottesville, Va., Jun. 22-24, 1998).
- III-V nitride HEMTs In order to further improve the performance of III-V nitride HEMTs, methods must be identified to reduce or eliminate the deleterious effects of deep level defects that result from the use of high Al composition layers.
- the present invention relates in one aspect thereof to a gallium nitride-based HEMT device, comprising a channel layer formed of an InGaN alloy.
- Such device may comprise an AlGaN/InGaN heterostructure, e.g., in a structure including a GaN layer, an InGaN layer over the GaN layer, and an AlGaN layer over the InGaN layer.
- the AlGaN layer may be doped or undoped, as necessary or desired in a given end use application of the HEMT.
- the HEMT device of the invention may be fabricated as a device which does not comprise any aluminum-containing layer, e.g., a GaN/InGaN HEMT device or an InGaN/InGaN HEMT device.
- the invention in another aspect, relates to a method of fabricating a GaN-based HEMT device, comprising forming a channel layer for the device of an InGaN alloy.
- FIG. 1 is a plot of sheet density versus % Al in undoped 23 nm AlGaN/GaN heterostructures, showing that piezoelectric-induced doping results in an increase in sheet density with increasing Al composition.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an AlGaN/InGaN HEMT structure.
- FIG. 3 is a band diagram of an AlGaN/InGaN HEMT structure.
- the performance of GaN-based HEMTs is improved by use of InGaN alloys in the channel layer of the device.
- InGaN alloys in the channel layer of HEMT devices has been discovered to permit substantially lower Al composition AlGaN layers to be employed at equivalent levels of strain and piezoelectric doping characteristic of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures.
- InGaN provides a large a-lattice constant in relation to GaN (the a-lattice constant difference between GaN and InN is 0.351 ⁇ , compared to a 0.079 ⁇ difference between GaN and AlN), and low Al and In content layers can be used to produce pseudomorphic AlGaN/InGaN heterostructures with comparable strain to AlGaN/GaN.
- the lattice mismatch of an Al 0.10 Ga 0.90 N/In 0.046 Ga 0.954 N interface is identical to that of Al 0.30 G 0.70 N/GaN. Consequently, it is possible to produce AlGaN/InGaN heterostructures that enable the use of reduced Al content AlGaN layers without significant reductions in piezoelectric-induced doping or degradation of the structural or electrical properties of the channel layer.
- the use of low Al content AlGaN layers in the HEMT enables reduced ohmic contact resistance to be achieved.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an AlGaN/InGaN HEMT structure for an illustrative device according to the present invention.
- a pseudomorphic AlGaN layer is grown on top of an InGaN layer overlying a GaN layer, using appropriate growth conditions readily determinable without undue experimentation by those of ordinary skill in the art.
- the InGaN layer should be thick enough so that it is “relaxed” in the multilayer structure.
- Typical thicknesses in various embodiments of the invention may include thicknesses of the InGaN layer in the range of from about 100 to about 5,000 nanometers, with more specific thicknesses in some instances being in the range of from about 200 to about 2,000 nanometers, or in a narrower range of from about 400 to about 1,000 nanometers.
- the InGaN layer can be grown directly on the substrate (including a buffer layer).
- the AlGaN layer can be undoped or the upper or top-most portion of the AlGaN can be doped to further increase the sheet density.
- an InGaN channel HEMT can be fabricated using GaN or InGaN on InGaN.
- chemically reactive Al-containing layers are completely eliminated from the device structure, to provide a GaN/InGaN HEMT with improved long-term stability and reliability characteristics under high power operation than are achievable by an AlGaN/GaN HEMT or an AlGaN/InGaN HEMT.
- an InGaN/InGaN HEMT provides fabricational advantages due to the differing optimum growth conditions between InGaN, and AlGaN or GaN.
- the growth of the indium gallium nitride layers in the practice of the invention may be effected by any suitable process or technique therefor.
- such layers may be formed by vapor phase techniques in which reactant gas species (e.g., ammonia, trimethylgallium, and trimethylindium) enter a growth reactor that contains the substrate.
- the reactant gas species passes over the substrate depositing an epitaxial film of said species (i.e., nitrogen from ammonia, gallium from trimethylgallium, and indium from trimethylindium).
- the InGaN process may occur at temperatures in the range of from about 500 to 1000° C., with a more specific temperature range of from about 700 to 950° C., or in a narrower temperature range of from about 800 to 900° C.
- the pressure of the reactor may be maintained in the range of from about 50 to 980 mbarr.
- the indium-to-gallium ratio may be anywhere in the range of from 0 to 100%.
- a HEMT structure of the design shown in Example 1 comprises a suitable substrate for depositing GaN; an unintentionally doped GaN layer as a buffer over said substrate; an unintentionally doped InGaN channel layer over said GaN buffer layer that is relaxed with respect to strain due to the different lattice constants of the said GaN buffer layer and the InGaN channel layer; an unintentionally doped AlGaN spacer layer over said InGaN channel layer; an intentionally silicon-doped AlGaN donor layer over said AlGaN spacer layer.
- An InGaN structure of the design shown in Example 2 comprises a suitable substrate for depositing GaN; a buffer layer over said substrate; an unintentionally doped InGaN layer over said buffer layer.
- a HEMT structure of the design shown in Example 3 comprises a suitable substrate for depositing GaN; an unintentionally doped GaN layer as a buffer over said substrate; an unintentionally doped InGaN channel layer over said GaN buffer layer that is relaxed with respect to strain due to the different lattice constants of the said GaN buffer layer and the InGaN channel layer; an unintentionally doped GaN spacer layer over said InGaN channel layer; an intentionally silicon-doped GaN donor layer over said AlGaN spacer layer.
- a HEMT structure of the design shown in Example 4 comprises a suitable substrate for depositing GaN; an unintentionally doped GaN layer as a buffer over said substrate; an unintentionally doped InGaN channel layer over said GaN buffer layer that is relaxed with respect to strain due to the different lattice constants of the said GaN buffer layer and the InGaN channel layer; an unintentionally doped InGaN spacer layer that has a lower InN concentration compared to the InGaN channel layer over said InGaN channel layer; an intentionally silicon-doped InGaN donor layer over said InGaN spacer layer that has the same InN concentration as the InGaN spacer layer.
- the channel comprising the high density of charged carriers is formed at or near the interface between the InGaN channel layer and InGaN spacer layer due to the piezoelectric-induced doping as a result of the strain associated with the differing InN concentrations of the InGaN channel layer and InGaN spacer layer.
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Abstract
A gallium nitride-based HEMT device, comprising a channel layer formed of an InGaN alloy. Such device may comprise an AlGaN/InGaN heterostructure, e.g., in a structure including a GaN layer, an InGaN layer over the GaN layer, and a (doped or undoped) AlGaN layer over the InGaN layer. Alternatively, the HEMT device of the invention may be fabricated as a device which does not comprise any aluminum-containing layer, e.g., a GaN/InGaN HEMT device or an InGaN/InGaN HEMT device.
Description
The invention was made in the performance of the U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command, Contract Number DASG60-98-C-0025. The government has certain rights in the invention.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) devices and method of making the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
GaN based materials have physical and electronic properties that make them attractive for high temperature, high power and high frequency devices. Wide bandgap semiconductors (GaN and SiC) have inherently lower thermal carrier generation rates and higher breakdown fields compared to Si and GaAs, as shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1 |
Properties of candidate materials for high power, high temperature, |
high frequency electronic devices |
Material Property | Si | GaAs | 4H-SiC | GaN |
Bandgap (eV) | 1.1 | 1.4 | 3.3 | 3.4 |
Breakdown field (105 V/cm) | 2 | 4 | 30 | 30? |
Electron mobility (cm2/Vs) | 1400 | 8500 | 800 | 900a, 2000b |
Maximum velocity (107 cm/s) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
Thermal conductivity | 1.5 | 0.5 | 4.9 | 1.3 |
(W/cm K) | ||||
afor n = 5E16 cm−3; | ||||
bfor an AlGaN/GaN structure |
GaN has additional advantages including a high (>800 cm2/Vs) electron mobility and a high (>107 cm/sec) electron velocity. Furthermore, high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) which offer higher mobilities, better charge confinement and higher breakdown voltages can be fabricated in the AlGaN/GaN materials system. Room temperature radio frequency (8-10 GHz) output powers on the order of 6-8 W/mm are theoretically possible in the AlGaN/GaN materials system and power densities as high as 6.8 W/mm have recently been reported (S. T. Sheppard, et al., 56th Device Research Conference, Charlottesville, Va., Jun. 22-24, 1998).
While promising output powers have been reported in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, materials-related issues continue to limit device performance. Persistent photoconductivity (PPC) and drain I-V collapse have been reported in AlGaN alloys (M. D. McCluskey, N. M. Johnson, C. G Van De Walle, D. P. Bour, M. Kneissl and W. Walukiewicz, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 521 (1998), p. 531) and AlGaN/GaN heterostructures (J. Z. Li, J. Y. Lin, H. X. Jiang, M. A. Khan and Q. Chen, J. Appl. Phys. 82 (1997) 1227). These effects arise from carrier trapping and generation from deep levels in the material and can lead to poor high frequency performance, decreased drain currents and reduced output powers in a HEMT. PPC and current collapse in GaAs-based HEMTs have been attributed to defect-donor complexes (DX centers) in AlxGa1-xAs when x>0.20. Evidence for oxygen DX-centers in Al-rich AlxGa1-xN (x>0.27) has recently been reported (M. D. McCluskey, et al., ibid.). High Al content AlGaN layers (x>0.20) are commonly used to achieve high sheet densities in AlGaN/GaN HEMT structures via piezoelectric-induced doping as shown by the data in FIG. 1 , which is a plot of sheet density as a function of percent aluminum composition in undoped 23 nanometer AlGaN/GaN heterostructures.
In order to further improve the performance of III-V nitride HEMTs, methods must be identified to reduce or eliminate the deleterious effects of deep level defects that result from the use of high Al composition layers.
The present invention relates in one aspect thereof to a gallium nitride-based HEMT device, comprising a channel layer formed of an InGaN alloy.
Such device may comprise an AlGaN/InGaN heterostructure, e.g., in a structure including a GaN layer, an InGaN layer over the GaN layer, and an AlGaN layer over the InGaN layer. The AlGaN layer may be doped or undoped, as necessary or desired in a given end use application of the HEMT.
Alternatively, the HEMT device of the invention may be fabricated as a device which does not comprise any aluminum-containing layer, e.g., a GaN/InGaN HEMT device or an InGaN/InGaN HEMT device.
In another aspect, the invention relates to a method of fabricating a GaN-based HEMT device, comprising forming a channel layer for the device of an InGaN alloy.
Other aspects, features and embodiments of the invention will be more fully apparent from the ensuing disclosure and appended claims.
In accordance with the present invention, the performance of GaN-based HEMTs is improved by use of InGaN alloys in the channel layer of the device.
The use of InGaN alloys in the channel layer of HEMT devices has been discovered to permit substantially lower Al composition AlGaN layers to be employed at equivalent levels of strain and piezoelectric doping characteristic of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures.
InGaN provides a large a-lattice constant in relation to GaN (the a-lattice constant difference between GaN and InN is 0.351 Å, compared to a 0.079 Å difference between GaN and AlN), and low Al and In content layers can be used to produce pseudomorphic AlGaN/InGaN heterostructures with comparable strain to AlGaN/GaN. For example, the lattice mismatch of an Al0.10Ga0.90N/In0.046Ga0.954N interface is identical to that of Al0.30G0.70N/GaN. Consequently, it is possible to produce AlGaN/InGaN heterostructures that enable the use of reduced Al content AlGaN layers without significant reductions in piezoelectric-induced doping or degradation of the structural or electrical properties of the channel layer.
In addition to a reduction in DX-center related transient effects, the use of low Al content AlGaN layers in the HEMT enables reduced ohmic contact resistance to be achieved.
The high electron mobility of InN (4000 cm2/Vs for n=1E16 cm−3) in relation to GaN permits the use of InGaN alloys in the channel layer of the device to achieve significant improvements in electrical properties and device performance.
Alternatively, the InGaN layer can be grown directly on the substrate (including a buffer layer). The AlGaN layer can be undoped or the upper or top-most portion of the AlGaN can be doped to further increase the sheet density.
Alternatively, an InGaN channel HEMT can be fabricated using GaN or InGaN on InGaN. In this case, chemically reactive Al-containing layers are completely eliminated from the device structure, to provide a GaN/InGaN HEMT with improved long-term stability and reliability characteristics under high power operation than are achievable by an AlGaN/GaN HEMT or an AlGaN/InGaN HEMT. Additionally, an InGaN/InGaN HEMT provides fabricational advantages due to the differing optimum growth conditions between InGaN, and AlGaN or GaN.
The growth of the indium gallium nitride layers in the practice of the invention may be effected by any suitable process or technique therefor. For example, such layers may be formed by vapor phase techniques in which reactant gas species (e.g., ammonia, trimethylgallium, and trimethylindium) enter a growth reactor that contains the substrate. The reactant gas species passes over the substrate depositing an epitaxial film of said species (i.e., nitrogen from ammonia, gallium from trimethylgallium, and indium from trimethylindium). The InGaN process may occur at temperatures in the range of from about 500 to 1000° C., with a more specific temperature range of from about 700 to 950° C., or in a narrower temperature range of from about 800 to 900° C. The pressure of the reactor may be maintained in the range of from about 50 to 980 mbarr. The indium-to-gallium ratio may be anywhere in the range of from 0 to 100%.
The features, aspects and advantages of the present invention are further shown with reference to the following non-limiting examples relating to the invention.
(Al,Ga)N:Si | |
Undoped (Al,Ga)N | |
Undoped (In,Ga)N | |
Undoped GaN | |
Substrate | |
A HEMT structure of the design shown in Example 1 comprises a suitable substrate for depositing GaN; an unintentionally doped GaN layer as a buffer over said substrate; an unintentionally doped InGaN channel layer over said GaN buffer layer that is relaxed with respect to strain due to the different lattice constants of the said GaN buffer layer and the InGaN channel layer; an unintentionally doped AlGaN spacer layer over said InGaN channel layer; an intentionally silicon-doped AlGaN donor layer over said AlGaN spacer layer.
Undoped (In,Ga)N | |
Buffer Laver | |
Substrate | |
An InGaN structure of the design shown in Example 2 comprises a suitable substrate for depositing GaN; a buffer layer over said substrate; an unintentionally doped InGaN layer over said buffer layer.
GaN:Si | |
Undoped GaN | |
Undoped (In,Ga)N | |
Undoped GaN | |
Substrate | |
A HEMT structure of the design shown in Example 3 comprises a suitable substrate for depositing GaN; an unintentionally doped GaN layer as a buffer over said substrate; an unintentionally doped InGaN channel layer over said GaN buffer layer that is relaxed with respect to strain due to the different lattice constants of the said GaN buffer layer and the InGaN channel layer; an unintentionally doped GaN spacer layer over said InGaN channel layer; an intentionally silicon-doped GaN donor layer over said AlGaN spacer layer.
(In,Ga)N:Si | |
Undoped (In,Ga)N | |
Undoped (In,Ga)N | |
Undoped GaN | |
Substrate | |
A HEMT structure of the design shown in Example 4 comprises a suitable substrate for depositing GaN; an unintentionally doped GaN layer as a buffer over said substrate; an unintentionally doped InGaN channel layer over said GaN buffer layer that is relaxed with respect to strain due to the different lattice constants of the said GaN buffer layer and the InGaN channel layer; an unintentionally doped InGaN spacer layer that has a lower InN concentration compared to the InGaN channel layer over said InGaN channel layer; an intentionally silicon-doped InGaN donor layer over said InGaN spacer layer that has the same InN concentration as the InGaN spacer layer. In this example, the channel comprising the high density of charged carriers is formed at or near the interface between the InGaN channel layer and InGaN spacer layer due to the piezoelectric-induced doping as a result of the strain associated with the differing InN concentrations of the InGaN channel layer and InGaN spacer layer.
Although the invention has been variously disclosed herein with reference to illustrative embodiments and features, it will be appreciated that the embodiments and features described hereinabove are not intended to limit the invention, and that other variations, modifications and other embodiments will suggest themselves to those of ordinary skill in the art. The invention therefore is to be broadly construed, consistent with the claims hereafter set forth.
Claims (18)
1. A gallium nitride-based HEMT device, comprising a channel layer comprising an InGaN alloy and at least one additional layer over said channel layer, wherein said at least one additional layer comprises material selected from the group consisting of GaN and InGaN, and wherein said device does not comprise an aluminum-containing layer.
2. A gallium nitride-based HEMT device, comprising a channel layer comprising an InGaN alloy and at least one additional layer directly over said channel layer, wherein said at least one additional layer comprises GaN material, forming a GaN/InGaN HEMT with the channel layer.
3. A gallium nitride-based HEMT device, comprising a channel layer comprising an InGaN alloy and at least one additional layer directly over said channel layer, wherein said at least one additional layer comprises InGaN material, forming an InGaN/InGaN HEMT with the channel layer.
4. A gallium nitride based HEMT device, comprising a channel layer comprising an InGaN alloy and at least one additional layer over said channel layer, wherein said at least one additional layer comprises AlxGa1-xN material, and wherein x is about 0.1, and wherein said AlxGa1-xN material is not intentionally doped.
5. A gallium nitride-based HEMT device, comprising:
a substrate;
a GaN buffer layer on said substrate;
a channel layer on said GaN buffer layer, said channel comprising an InGaN alloy;
at least one additional layer on said channel layer, said at least one additional layer comprising undoped GaN material and forming a GaN space layer; and
a doped GaN doner layer on said GaN spacer layer.
6. A gallium nitride-based HEMT device, comprising:
a substrate;
a GaN buffer layer on said substrate;
a channel layer on said GaN buffer layer, said channel layer comprising an InGaN alloy;
at least one additional layer on said channel layer, said at least one additional layer comprising undoped InGaN material and forming an InGaN spacer layer; and
a doped InGaN donor layer on said InGaN spacer layer,
wherein said InGaN spacer layer has a lower InN concentration than said channel layer.
7. A gallium nitride based HEMT device, comprising a channel layer comprising an InGaN alloy and at least one additional layer over said channel layer, wherein said at least one additional layer comprises AlxGa1-xN material wherein x is about 0.1, and wherein the channel layer has a thickness in a range of from about 100 nanometers to about 5000 nanometers.
8. A gallium nitride based HEMT device, comprising a channel layer comprising an InGaN alloy and at least one additional layer over said channel layer, wherein said at least one additional layer comprises AlxGa1-xN material wherein x is about 0.1, and wherein the at least one additional layer further comprises an AlGaN spacer layer between the channel layer and said at least one additional layer.
9. The HEMT device of claim 4, further comprising a GaN layer below said channel layer.
10. The HEMT device of claim 7, wherein said AlxGa1-xN material is not intentionally doped.
11. The HEMT device of claim 7, wherein said at least a portion of the AlxGa1-xN material is intentionally doped to provide an increased sheet density in relation to a corresponding undoped AlGaN layer.
12. The HEMT device of claim 7, wherein the channel layer has a thickness in a range of from about 200 nanometers to about 2000 nanometers.
13. The HEMT device of claim 7, wherein the channel layer has a thickness in a range of from about 400 nanometers to about 1000 nanometers.
14. The HEMT device of claim 4, further comprising a substrate and a buffer layer on said substrate, wherein said channel layer is disposed over said buffer layer.
15. The HEMT device of claim 7, further comprising a GaN layer below said channel layer.
16. The HEMT device of claim 7, further comprising a substrate and a buffer layer on said substrate, wherein said channel layer is disposed over said buffer layer.
17. The HEMT device of claim 8, further comprising a GaN layer below said channel layer.
18. The HEMT device of claim 8, further comprising a substrate and a buffer layer on said substrate, wherein said channel layer is disposed over said buffer layer.
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US9666683B2 (en) | 2015-10-09 | 2017-05-30 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Surface treatment and passivation for high electron mobility transistors |
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US6727531B1 (en) | 2004-04-27 |
EP1314204A1 (en) | 2003-05-28 |
JP2004515909A (en) | 2004-05-27 |
KR20030023742A (en) | 2003-03-19 |
WO2002013273A1 (en) | 2002-02-14 |
KR100863762B1 (en) | 2008-10-16 |
JP5259906B2 (en) | 2013-08-07 |
EP1314204A4 (en) | 2005-01-05 |
AU2001277077A1 (en) | 2002-02-18 |
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