USRE43884E1 - Apparatus for precision steeling/conditioning of knife edges - Google Patents
Apparatus for precision steeling/conditioning of knife edges Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE43884E1 USRE43884E1 US13/175,369 US201113175369A USRE43884E US RE43884 E1 USRE43884 E1 US RE43884E1 US 201113175369 A US201113175369 A US 201113175369A US RE43884 E USRE43884 E US RE43884E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- guide
- blade
- knife
- edge
- angle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime, expires
Links
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000131522 Citrus pyriformis Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006909 Tilia x europaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012045 salad Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D15/00—Hand tools or other devices for non-rotary grinding, polishing, or stropping
- B24D15/06—Hand tools or other devices for non-rotary grinding, polishing, or stropping specially designed for sharpening cutting edges
- B24D15/08—Hand tools or other devices for non-rotary grinding, polishing, or stropping specially designed for sharpening cutting edges of knives; of razors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
- B24B3/36—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of cutting blades
- B24B3/54—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of cutting blades of hand or table knives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D15/00—Hand tools or other devices for non-rotary grinding, polishing, or stropping
- B24D15/06—Hand tools or other devices for non-rotary grinding, polishing, or stropping specially designed for sharpening cutting edges
- B24D15/065—Hand tools or other devices for non-rotary grinding, polishing, or stropping specially designed for sharpening cutting edges for sharpening both knives and scissors
Definitions
- the manual steel rod has been more of a mystique than a science, lacking any scientific base or understanding. It has been said for example that the manual rods “smooth out microscopic nicks in the blades surface and realigns the molecules in the cutting edge”. Also one reads that “the best steels are magnetized to help draw the molecules into realignment,” or “the alignment of molecules in a knife blade are reinforced whenever it is sharpened, . . . and the process removes very little actual metal from the blade”. Others repeat that the use of a steel “realigns and smoothes the knife's edge”. Most often it is thought that the steel “burnishes against the hard surface of the cutting edge for the purpose of straightening it back out so that it is the same way as when it was manufactured”.
- the unique microstructure which can be created along the knife edge consists of a remarkably uniform series of microteeth with dimensions generally equal to or less than the width of a human hair.
- the microteeth are very regular, and strong and they can be readily recreated along the edge if any are damaged in use of the knife edge.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate prior art steeling techniques
- FIGS. 3-4 illustrate a knife blade that can be enhanced in accordance with this invention
- FIG. 5 illustrates in cross-section a portion of a prior art knife sharpener using abrasive sharpening members
- FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of a knife blade sharpened by abrasive members leaving a burr
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view in elevation showing the conditioning of a knife blade in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing the conditioned knife blade with microteeth along the edge
- FIGS. 9-10 are cross-sectional views showing the conditioning of a knife blade in accordance with this invention.
- FIGS. 11-15 illustrate a guide for the conditioning of a knife blade in accordance with one embodiment of this invention
- FIGS. 16-19 illustrate an alternative guide in accordance with this invention
- FIGS. 20-23 are perspective views showing alternative manners of mounting a guide in accordance with this invention.
- FIGS. 24-25 are side elevational and top views of an arrangement utilizing plural steeling members in accordance with this invention.
- the sharpening steel has proven to be a poor haphazard and inconsistent tool for improving the cutting ability of a knife edge. Even the most skillful and persevering artisans who use a steel end up with edges of poor edge quality, not very sharp and very fragile requiring re-steeling after every 50 or so cuts. Frequent resharpening of the edge with an abrasive stone has proven necessary and the life of the knife is consequently shortened.
- FIG. 3 A conventional knife blade 1 , shown in section, FIG. 3 has two faces 3 which are sharpened at their terminus to form two facets 2 which converge along a line creating the edge 6 .
- Sharpening as contrast to steeling a knife blade involves the use of abrasives to physically abrade away metal of the blade along each side of the knife edge creating edge facets 2 on each side of the edge 6 .
- FIG. 4 represents a typical blade where the facets 2 are sharpened at an angle A relative to the respective faces 3 of the blade. If the sharpening angle A is precisely established as created with a precision sharpening means such as shown in FIG. 5 the edge facets subsequently can be precisely positioned using the same reference plane namely the face 3 of the blade.
- the sharpening means illustrated in FIG. 5 uses the face of the blade 3 as a reference plane for the blade that rests on a guide face 8 and alternating on guide face 8 a.
- the facet 2 is moved into contact with the surface of abrasive disk 9 which at the contact point with the facet is set at angle A relative to the guide surface 8 and the blade face 3 .
- the abrasive coated disks 9 and 9 a are rotated by a motor driven shaft 10 .
- Pins 12 on the shaft engage in slots that are part of the disk support structure in order to rotate the disks.
- Each of the two blade facets are commonly sharpened at the same angle A.
- FIG. 8 The desirable microstructure that can be created by the precise control of the angular relationship of the plane of the edge facet with the plane of the hardened surface is illustrated in FIG. 8 .
- an incredibly regular row of microteeth is created along the knife edge. If individual microteeth along the edge are damaged or broken off when the blade is used for cutting, those microteeth will be replaced by successive movement of the facet along the hardened surface, alternating the strokes along one side of the edge and then the other.
- the repeated and alternating stresses created along the cutting edge by this motion hardens the knife's metal, making it more brittle and prone to fracture and fragment. This causes small sections of the edge to drop off leaving a microtooth-like structure along the edge. As one continues to stroke the edge on alternate sides of the edge, more microteeth drop off as new microteeth are formed. That process can be repeated many times.
- the hardened contact surface 5 of member 13 will initially make contact with the facet only at the extremity of the facet 2 , FIG. 9 adjacent to the edge. As the burr is removed, the hardened surface will also remove microscopic amounts of metal adjacent to the edge and the lower most section of the facet will after many strokes, begin to be re-angled to an angle closer to that of the hardened surface. Thus a line and larger area of contact 2 A, FIG. 10 develops between the lower section of the facet and the contacted surface 5 on the hardened member. This growing area of contact 2 A, FIG.
- the hardened member 13 can be a manual “sharpening” steel.
- Such steels are sold with a variety of surface treatment and hardness. Consequently some will be better than others in developing the unique microstructure described here and represented in FIG. 8 .
- most manual steels are of a quality that can produce good results if an adequately precise angle control is provided to orient the plane of the edge facet precisely and preferably within 5-10 degrees of the plane of the steel surface at the point of contact with the edge facet.
- the reference to “sharpening steel” is not intended to be limited to, for example, steeling rods made of steel, although that is the preferred practice of the invention. Instead, other equivalent materials could be used.
- the materials should have a hardened surface which contacts the knife edge and should be of a hardness harder than that of the knife edge.
- the hardened surface can have a hardness above Rockwell C-60.
- Such “sharpening steel” should be capable of developing the microstructure described here as represented in FIG. 8 .
- angle guide structure can be designed so that the manual steels or short lengths of manual steel rods can be mounted onto the guide support structure. These must have the required precision to control accurately the angular position of the knife and its facets relative to the surface of the steel stroke after stroke in order to create the optimum microstructure referred to in this patent.
- Several examples of such designs are described here to be representative of a large variety of designs that incorporate the necessary angular accuracy and reproducibility.
- the hardened surface of the object which conditions the knife edge should be non-abrasive.
- the invention can be broadly practiced where the hardened surface is slightly abrasive. What is important is that the hardened surface should be sufficiently smooth or non-abrasive so that in combination with the knife guide the combination comprises means to minimize interference with burr removal and to repeatedly create and fracture a microstructure along the edge of the blade at the extreme terminus of the edge facets during repeated contact of the facets and the hardened surface to create a microserrated edge.
- the hardened surface of the steeling rod would have a surface roughness no greater than 10 microns.
- FIGS. 11 , 12 and 13 An example of a precision knife guide 15 tat can be mounted on a manual steel 19 or a section thereof is shown in FIGS. 11 , 12 and 13 .
- This guide 15 is constructed with a tight sleeve-like collar 16 that fits snugly around the steel and which can be provided with a locking mechanism 17 for example that cams against the steel and can be tightened by a manually operated lever 18 to position this guide at any desired location along the length of the steel.
- the mounting and locking structure must be designed with sufficient care that the guide planes are held firmly and securely relative to the steel 19 as the face 3 of knife 1 , FIGS. 12 and 15 is moved along and in intimate contact with the guide planes surface 7 .
- An optional spring 21 can be provided to insure that the face of blade 1 , FIG.
- the guiding surface forms an acute angle with the surface of the manual steel in order that the knife facet is stopped by the steel as the knife edge is pressed into the acute angular vertex formed by the guide and the surface of the steel.
- the spring 21 is designed to conform closely to the geometry of the guide planes 7 in the absence of the blade.
- Spring 21 can be supported and centered as shown by the steel rod or alternatively it can be supported by the base structure 23 for the guides. As shown in FIG. 14 it can extend the full length of the guide planes to provide support along the length of the blade and to press the blade against the surface of the guide including the tip of the blade as it is withdrawn along the guide structure.
- the springs can as designed with short “feet” 25 that insert through matching slots in the guide plates 27 to hold the springs down and in place.
- This precision guide can be moved up or down the steel or it can be rotated around the steel to provide fresh areas of the steel surface for contact with the edge facets as previously used areas show significant wear.
- the guide can be readily moved and relocked in the new position.
- angle C of the guide planes is shown as fixed, it should be clear that interchangeable guide plates 27 with different angles can be made available to coordinate with the angle of the sharpening device used initially to abrade and set the angles A of the edge facets.
- the guide 15 and the guide plates 27 can be designed so that the angle C is adjustable and individually angularly adjustable.
- a spring 21 to hold the blade precisely is desirable for the best results but its use is of course optional.
- a full length manual steel or a shorter section of steel can be used in this design. If a conventional steel is used, its point or end can be rested on a table or counter as shown in FIG. 1 . Alternatively as described later this type guiding mechanism can be mounted on a table or counter and a steel or an equivalent rod can be mounted in and clamped to the angle guide.
- FIGS. 16 , 17 , 18 and 19 Alternative examples of precision angle guiding structure 29 to develop these desirable edge microstructures are shown in FIGS. 16 , 17 , 18 and 19 .
- Each of these contain a support structure 31 with one or more vertical slots 33 to align precisely moving knife guides 29 with one or more steels 13 .
- the knife guide planes 7 are consequently set at angle C relative to the plane of the steel rods 13 at the point where the facets of knife 1 will contact the steel rods. (It should be recognized that hardened steel rods or bars of shapes and surface structures other than the conventional steel rods can be used in these designs.)
- FIGS. 16 and 17 As one face of knife 1 , FIGS. 16 and 17 is positioned in intimate contact with the guide plane 7 it can be moved along that guide plane while the edge facet remains in contact with the steel rods 13 .
- the spring 39 is desirable but not necessary to insure good contact of the blade face with guide plane 7 .
- a second spring mechanism 41 shown in FIG. 18 can be incorporated to hold the moving guides 35 in a rest position but to allow the moving guides 35 to be displaced downward by the user as he applies a downward force on the blade as its face is held in contact with the knife guide plane 7 and the edge facet is held in contact with the surface of the steel 13 .
- This unique design allows a facet of the blade simultaneously to move transversely to the surface of the hardened steel 13 and to move longitudinally along the surface of the steel.
- pin 43 extends thru one of the guide slots to prevent any change in alignment of the sliding guide structure 35 with the axis of the steel rods. Similar pins 45 extend into the slots 33 into close conformity with the slot width to prevent lateral movement of the moving guide structure, 35 .
- the hardened steel rods 13 can be rigidly mounted onto base structure 31 or they can be supported on a slightly elastomeric or spring-like substrate that will allow them to move laterally a small amount in response to any significant variation in pressure from the knife edge structure as it impacts the steel surface.
- the rate at which the desired microstructure develops and is reconstituted along the knife edge is related to amount of pressure applied by the knife edge facet as it is moved in contact with the hardened steel surface. There is a large amplification of the force applied manually to the blade as that is translated to the small area or line of contact between the facet and the steel surface at the movement of contact. That stress level can be moderated and made more uniform by only a very slight lateral motion of the steel surface.
- the guide and the knife holding spring mechanism of FIG. 19 can be readily modified to include a longer knife guiding surface and a second spring extending to the opposite side of the steel rod with larger guide surfaces similar to those of FIGS. 16 and 18 .
- the knife holding spring 38 of FIG. 17 likewise can be on one or both areas of each guide surface.
- the guide support arms can be designed to be replaceable or adjustable to provide the means to vary or set angle C optimally in relation to the original sharpening angle A that created the original angle of the knife facets.
- FIGS. 24 and 25 A further example of a novel structure of creating this unique microscopic structure along a knife edge is illustrated in FIGS. 24 and 25 .
- a fixed knife guide plane 7 is created on one side of a rigid planar guide structure 50 attached to the body of 51 of the steeling apparatus 53 .
- Sections of steel rods 19 are mounted by threaded ends into the body of apparatus 53 .
- the two steel sections are crossed as seen in FIG. 24 at a total angle equal to twice angle C.
- the edge X of knife blade 1 is lowered into a slot 55 until its facets 2 contact one or both of the steel rods along the line of the edge.
- More than two steel rods 19 can be aligned in this manner in order to create a well defined line of contact for the knife edge facets with these steel rods 19 .
- the guide structure 50 which establishes the position and alignment of guide plane 7 is offset slightly to one side of the centerline Y-Y of the blade which passes thru the vertex of the angles C that coincides with the line where the steel rods 19 cross.
- the amount of offset of plane 7 from the centerline Y-Y is approximately half of the thickness of blade 1 .
- the plane 7 can also be slightly angled in order to conform perfectly to any small taper that may characterize the blade faces.
- a handle 57 can be provided to stabilize the unit as it is being used or alternatively it can be physically attached to a table or other structure.
- the face of the knife is aligned with the guide plane 7 and held in good contact with that plane as the blade edge is stroked back and forth along the surface of the steel rods 19 until the desired microstructure is created along the cutting edge.
- a physical spring (not shown) can be added to press against the blade and to hold its face in good sustained conformity with the guide surface.
- a magnet can be added to attract the blade face to the guide face 7 as the blade is laid against that plane.
- the areas of contact where the blade facets contact a selected point on the surface of the steel rods can be changed and adjusted by rotating the rods using the slots 59 to extend or retract the rods accordingly.
- An obvious advantage of this configuration is that both edge facets can be conditioned simultaneously. By adding more than two rods even better confirmation of the facets with the rods can be obtained. Without the precise angular control shown in this apparatus, the optimal microstructure will not be created along the knife edge.
- Precision apparatus such as described here for control of the angle while steeling a knife can be incorporated into food related work areas such as into butcher blocks, cutting boards, and knife racks or knife blocks so that they are conventionally and readily available in those areas where knives are commonly used.
- FIG. 22 illustrates how for example the guide 15 of FIGS. 11 , 12 , 13 and 14 can be attached to a counter butcher block.
- a manual butcher steel can be inserted into the guide structure as shown in FIG. 22 or a section of a steel or hardened steel rod can be mounted in the guide structure as in FIG. 21 .
- the guide structure can be attached by a bracket as shown or embedded in a corner or parameter section of a counter or block-like surface as illustrated in FIG. 21 .
- FIG. 20 illustrates a mountable angle guide 15 designed to accept a manual steel 19 a section of a steel or a hardened metal rod.
- This guide incorporates a convenient angle bracket so that it can be attached to any of a variety of knife work benches or work structure. For example it is shown attached to a knife block 52 , FIG. 23 . It can similarly be mounted on a salad prep table or work table, or butcher's block, FIG. 22 .
- FIG. 21 illustrates an embedded guide structure 47 as it would be mounted in the corner of a butcher block or cutting board 48 .
- the length of a hardened steel rod 49 mounted in this guide can be shortened if desired so that it does not protrude above the top of the cutting board. That hardened rod 49 is slotted so that it can be rotated with a coin or screw driver to expose new areas of its surface.
- the rod 49 can be provided with an extended threaded section (not shown) on its lower end to allow the rod to move upward or downward as it is rotated to expose fresh areas of the rod surfaces.
- Precision embedded guides such as illustrated in FIG. 21 can be mounted entirely within the perimeter of butcher blocks, counters and knife blocks, thus avoiding the awkwardness of an attachment-like structure.
- FIG. 23 illustrates a mounted precision guide on a knife block.
- the physical location of the guide can be on the side of such blocks or embedded within the top structure of such blocks so long as clearance is provided for the blade as it is moved along the guides and in contact with the guide planes.
- FIGS. 21 , 22 , and 23 are intended only to be illustrative of the wide variety of locations where it is desirable to provide a means for precisely steeling the knife edge.
- This aspect of the invention generally involves providing a holder which can mount the angle guide and the sharpening steel to a support surface such as a food cutting board or a butcher block.
- a holder which can mount the angle guide and the sharpening steel to a support surface such as a food cutting board or a butcher block.
- Such holder would include first mounting structure to mount the holder itself to the support surface.
- the first mounting structure could be of the type such as illustrated in FIG. 22 where the holder itself is separate and distinct from the support surface and is mounted to the support surface by utilization of the downwardly extending flange connected to and extending away from the guide 15 .
- the first mounting structure could be by having the holder itself integral with the support structure.
- the holder would also have second mounting structure for securing the steeling rod or hardened surface in a
- microstructure that can be created if the knives steeled are with this level of angular control.
- the microstructure provided by these guided means is superior to manually steeled edges for cutting fibrous materials such as lemons, limes, meats, cardboard and paper products to name a few.
- the steeled edges remain sharp even after repetitive steeling and the knives need to be resharpened less frequently using abrasive means, thus removing less metal from the blades and lengthening the useful life of knives.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (26)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/175,369 USRE43884E1 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2011-07-01 | Apparatus for precision steeling/conditioning of knife edges |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US45799303P | 2003-03-27 | 2003-03-27 | |
US10/803,419 US7235004B2 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2004-03-18 | Precision means for sharpening and creation of microblades along cutting edges |
US56883904P | 2004-05-06 | 2004-05-06 | |
US11/123,959 US7287445B2 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2005-05-06 | Apparatus for precision steeling/conditioning of knife edges |
US13/175,369 USRE43884E1 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2011-07-01 | Apparatus for precision steeling/conditioning of knife edges |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/123,959 Reissue US7287445B2 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2005-05-06 | Apparatus for precision steeling/conditioning of knife edges |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
USRE43884E1 true USRE43884E1 (en) | 2013-01-01 |
Family
ID=46304515
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/123,959 Ceased US7287445B2 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2005-05-06 | Apparatus for precision steeling/conditioning of knife edges |
US13/175,369 Expired - Lifetime USRE43884E1 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2011-07-01 | Apparatus for precision steeling/conditioning of knife edges |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/123,959 Ceased US7287445B2 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2005-05-06 | Apparatus for precision steeling/conditioning of knife edges |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7287445B2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140113529A1 (en) * | 2012-10-20 | 2014-04-24 | James W. Wittenborn | Sharpener Holder |
US8998680B1 (en) | 2008-06-27 | 2015-04-07 | Darex, Llc | Sharpener for cutting tools |
US20150143955A1 (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2015-05-28 | Wolff Industries, Inc. | Conditioning Device for Conditioning a Blade |
US20170312890A1 (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | Oleg Boutorine | Removable and repositionable sharpening angle guide |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8430720B2 (en) * | 2003-03-27 | 2013-04-30 | Edgecraft Corporation | Apparatus for precision steeling/conditioning of knife edges |
US20060040598A1 (en) * | 2004-08-20 | 2006-02-23 | Rudolf Koppe | Precision sharpener tool |
US7467991B2 (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2008-12-23 | Gb Ii Corporation | Knife sharpener |
DE112007000451B4 (en) * | 2006-02-23 | 2020-08-20 | Edgecraft Corp. | Knife sharpener with improved knife guides |
EP2146819B1 (en) * | 2007-04-18 | 2017-01-25 | Edgecraft Corporation | Precision sharpener for hunting and asian knives |
AU2009223635B2 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2014-08-07 | Edgecraft Corporation | Sharpener for knives with widely different edge angles |
CN102481676B (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2015-04-08 | 埃奇克拉夫特公司 | Novel sharpeners to create gross-grind knife edges |
US8342915B1 (en) | 2010-03-03 | 2013-01-01 | David Vogel | Conditioning and cutting apparatus |
US8585462B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2013-11-19 | Edgecraft Corp. | Precision sharpener for ceramic knife blades |
AU2013101515B4 (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2014-04-03 | Grooby, Dean Reaymeond MR | Removable sharpening guide |
US8678882B1 (en) | 2013-06-26 | 2014-03-25 | Edgecraft Corporation | Combination sharpener assembly |
US20150099430A1 (en) * | 2013-10-07 | 2015-04-09 | Frederick Rowe | Pocket sized adjustable knife sharpener |
US9242331B2 (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2016-01-26 | Edgecraft Corporation | Electric sharpener for ceramic and metal blades |
US9656372B2 (en) | 2015-01-16 | 2017-05-23 | Edgecraft Corporation | Sharpener for thick knives |
US9649749B2 (en) | 2015-01-16 | 2017-05-16 | Edgecraft Corporation | Manual sharpener |
US20160303747A1 (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2016-10-20 | Darex, Llc | Cutting Edge with Microscopically Sized Channels to Enhance Cutting Performance |
US9980613B2 (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2018-05-29 | Lifetime Brands, Inc. | Cutting board with integrated knife sharpener |
USD754514S1 (en) | 2015-09-02 | 2016-04-26 | Edgecraft Corporation | Compact manual sharpener |
USD813004S1 (en) | 2016-02-24 | 2018-03-20 | Edgecraft Corporation | Compact manual sharpener |
US20180001443A1 (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-04 | Anthony Leo Klein | Cigar clipper and cigar clipper sharpener |
USD803648S1 (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2017-11-28 | Edgecraft Corporation | Two stage electric sharpener |
Citations (65)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1075690A (en) | 1913-04-26 | 1913-10-14 | Thomas F Buck | Scissors-sharpener. |
US1181161A (en) | 1915-06-21 | 1916-05-02 | Reuben W Perry | Knife-sharpener. |
US1681763A (en) | 1926-04-26 | 1928-08-21 | Eaton Frank | Shear-sharpener vise |
US1936990A (en) | 1933-05-10 | 1933-11-28 | George H Piermann | Scissors sharpener |
US2098530A (en) | 1936-01-03 | 1937-11-09 | Battocchi Silvio | Sharpening device |
US2249218A (en) | 1939-03-08 | 1941-07-15 | Alexis E Meade | Knife sharpener |
US2461690A (en) | 1946-10-28 | 1949-02-15 | Leong Kim Kee | Knife sharpener |
US2559273A (en) | 1950-07-17 | 1951-07-03 | Glenn A Brinkley | Knife sharpener |
US2645066A (en) | 1952-03-07 | 1953-07-14 | Percy W Andrews | Combined scissor and knife sharpener |
US2652667A (en) * | 1952-11-06 | 1953-09-22 | Claude D Arnold | Knife sharpener |
US2653667A (en) | 1949-07-09 | 1953-09-29 | Genin Henri | Trigger fire extinguishing apparatus |
US2896482A (en) | 1958-04-18 | 1959-07-28 | Hyde Thomas Edward | Sharpeners for knives and cutting implements |
US3332173A (en) | 1964-06-30 | 1967-07-25 | Cory Corp | Sharpener for cutting instruments |
US3619955A (en) | 1970-06-12 | 1971-11-16 | Eric Fischback | Grinding attachments for surface grinders |
US3819170A (en) | 1971-01-08 | 1974-06-25 | H Longbrake | Portable sharpener |
US4170343A (en) | 1978-08-03 | 1979-10-09 | Longbrake Howard R | Knife sharpener |
US4285253A (en) | 1980-01-24 | 1981-08-25 | Edling Theodore L | Mechanical steel for sharpening blades |
US4441279A (en) | 1981-09-04 | 1984-04-10 | E-Z Products, Inc. | Portable sharpener |
US4450653A (en) | 1981-07-21 | 1984-05-29 | Fletcher Engineering, Inc. | Knife sharpener |
US4486982A (en) | 1983-02-15 | 1984-12-11 | Longbrake Howard R | Foldable holding device |
US4512112A (en) | 1982-10-04 | 1985-04-23 | Levine Arthur L | Knife sharpener clamp construction |
US4538382A (en) | 1983-12-01 | 1985-09-03 | Bonni S. Carris | Apparatus for sharpening a knife blade or the like |
US4602531A (en) | 1984-02-13 | 1986-07-29 | Korhonen K J | Process and apparatus for sharpening of knives |
US4611437A (en) | 1984-08-06 | 1986-09-16 | Morton Cohen | Sharpening system and related method |
US4627194A (en) | 1984-03-12 | 1986-12-09 | Friel Daniel D | Method and apparatus for knife and blade sharpening |
US4714239A (en) | 1981-11-30 | 1987-12-22 | Levine Arthur L | Sharpener mounting construction |
US4777770A (en) | 1981-11-30 | 1988-10-18 | Levine Arthur L | Knife sharpener |
US4799335A (en) | 1987-05-20 | 1989-01-24 | Battocchi Silvio R | Knife sharpening device |
US4807399A (en) | 1984-03-12 | 1989-02-28 | Edgecraft Corp. | Method and apparatus for sharpening a knife |
USD303209S (en) | 1986-09-19 | 1989-09-05 | Edgecraft Corp. | Knife sharpener |
US4897965A (en) | 1984-03-12 | 1990-02-06 | Friel Daniel D | Knife sharpening apparatus |
US4912881A (en) | 1988-06-20 | 1990-04-03 | Mcdougall Philip N | Multiple angle dressing device for tools and stock |
USD310620S (en) | 1988-02-01 | 1990-09-18 | Friel Daniel D | Knife sharpener |
US5005319A (en) | 1984-03-12 | 1991-04-09 | Edgecraft Corporation | Knife sharpener |
USD328410S (en) | 1989-04-12 | 1992-08-04 | Edgecraft Corporation | Knife sharpener |
US5148634A (en) | 1984-03-12 | 1992-09-22 | Edgecraft Corp. | Scissor sharpening apparatus with magnetic guide |
US5185958A (en) | 1990-10-19 | 1993-02-16 | Benton Dale | Professional cutlery sharpening machine |
US5199225A (en) | 1992-07-29 | 1993-04-06 | Renato Esposito | Blade sharpening guide |
USD342003S (en) | 1992-06-11 | 1993-12-07 | Edgecraft Corporation | Portable manual knife sharpener |
USD348598S (en) | 1993-01-08 | 1994-07-12 | Edgecraft Corp. | Manual file and sharpening tool |
US5357717A (en) | 1993-01-08 | 1994-10-25 | Edgecraft Corporation | Manual file and sharpening tool |
US5390431A (en) | 1992-06-18 | 1995-02-21 | Edgecraft Corporation | Method and apparatus for knife and blade sharpening |
US5404679A (en) | 1984-03-12 | 1995-04-11 | Edgecraft Corporation | Portable manual sharpener for knives and the like |
USD357395S (en) | 1993-04-30 | 1995-04-18 | Edgecraft Corp. | Knife sharpener |
US5431070A (en) | 1994-06-06 | 1995-07-11 | Thames; Charles L. | Adjustable knife blade guide |
US5440953A (en) | 1994-09-22 | 1995-08-15 | Tru Hone Corporation | Knife sharpener |
US5458534A (en) | 1994-08-26 | 1995-10-17 | Campione; Antonino | Knife sharpening device with angled guide plates |
USD368217S (en) | 1994-09-16 | 1996-03-26 | Edgecraft Corporation | Knife sharpener |
US5582535A (en) | 1992-06-18 | 1996-12-10 | Edgecraft Corporation | Method and apparatus for knife and blade sharpening |
US5582542A (en) | 1994-08-08 | 1996-12-10 | Stein; Sanford | Apparatus and method for sharpening a cutting tool |
US5611726A (en) | 1995-04-28 | 1997-03-18 | Edgecraft Corporation | High speed precision sharpening apparatus |
US5636556A (en) | 1994-06-27 | 1997-06-10 | Friedlander; Harry | Device for conditioning and sharpening the blade of a scraper tool |
US5667427A (en) | 1995-09-20 | 1997-09-16 | Bettcher Industries, Inc. | Method and apparatus for sharpening curved blades |
USD388304S (en) | 1996-07-09 | 1997-12-30 | Edgecraft Co. | Versatile manual sharpener |
US5868611A (en) | 1996-07-09 | 1999-02-09 | Edgecraft Corp. | Versatile manual sharpener |
USD408254S (en) | 1997-01-23 | 1999-04-20 | Edgecraft Corporation | Set of interlocking sharpening stones |
USD409891S (en) | 1998-01-09 | 1999-05-18 | Edgecraft Corporation | Sharpener |
US6012971A (en) | 1997-03-14 | 2000-01-11 | Edgecraft Corporation | Sharpening apparatus |
US6113476A (en) | 1998-01-08 | 2000-09-05 | Edgecraft Corp. | Versatile ultrahone sharpener |
US6371841B1 (en) | 1999-02-23 | 2002-04-16 | Ralph Ray | Knife maintenance apparatus having two distinct maintenance surfaces |
US6726551B2 (en) | 2001-01-11 | 2004-04-27 | Edgecraft Corporation | Manual knife sharpener with angle control |
US20040116055A1 (en) | 2002-12-17 | 2004-06-17 | Friel Daniel D. | Apparatus for precision edge refinement of metallic cutting blades |
US6875093B2 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2005-04-05 | Edgecraft Corporation | Sharpening device |
US7052385B1 (en) | 2003-09-06 | 2006-05-30 | Ronald Swartz | Self-aligning blade angle guide |
US20060276110A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2006-12-07 | Friel Daniel D Sr | Precision means for sharpening and creation of microblades along cutting edges |
-
2005
- 2005-05-06 US US11/123,959 patent/US7287445B2/en not_active Ceased
-
2011
- 2011-07-01 US US13/175,369 patent/USRE43884E1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (70)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1075690A (en) | 1913-04-26 | 1913-10-14 | Thomas F Buck | Scissors-sharpener. |
US1181161A (en) | 1915-06-21 | 1916-05-02 | Reuben W Perry | Knife-sharpener. |
US1681763A (en) | 1926-04-26 | 1928-08-21 | Eaton Frank | Shear-sharpener vise |
US1936990A (en) | 1933-05-10 | 1933-11-28 | George H Piermann | Scissors sharpener |
US2098530A (en) | 1936-01-03 | 1937-11-09 | Battocchi Silvio | Sharpening device |
US2249218A (en) | 1939-03-08 | 1941-07-15 | Alexis E Meade | Knife sharpener |
US2461690A (en) | 1946-10-28 | 1949-02-15 | Leong Kim Kee | Knife sharpener |
US2653667A (en) | 1949-07-09 | 1953-09-29 | Genin Henri | Trigger fire extinguishing apparatus |
US2559273A (en) | 1950-07-17 | 1951-07-03 | Glenn A Brinkley | Knife sharpener |
US2645066A (en) | 1952-03-07 | 1953-07-14 | Percy W Andrews | Combined scissor and knife sharpener |
US2652667A (en) * | 1952-11-06 | 1953-09-22 | Claude D Arnold | Knife sharpener |
US2896482A (en) | 1958-04-18 | 1959-07-28 | Hyde Thomas Edward | Sharpeners for knives and cutting implements |
US3332173A (en) | 1964-06-30 | 1967-07-25 | Cory Corp | Sharpener for cutting instruments |
US3619955A (en) | 1970-06-12 | 1971-11-16 | Eric Fischback | Grinding attachments for surface grinders |
US3819170A (en) | 1971-01-08 | 1974-06-25 | H Longbrake | Portable sharpener |
US4170343A (en) | 1978-08-03 | 1979-10-09 | Longbrake Howard R | Knife sharpener |
US4285253A (en) | 1980-01-24 | 1981-08-25 | Edling Theodore L | Mechanical steel for sharpening blades |
US4450653A (en) | 1981-07-21 | 1984-05-29 | Fletcher Engineering, Inc. | Knife sharpener |
US4441279A (en) | 1981-09-04 | 1984-04-10 | E-Z Products, Inc. | Portable sharpener |
US4714239A (en) | 1981-11-30 | 1987-12-22 | Levine Arthur L | Sharpener mounting construction |
US4777770A (en) | 1981-11-30 | 1988-10-18 | Levine Arthur L | Knife sharpener |
US4512112A (en) | 1982-10-04 | 1985-04-23 | Levine Arthur L | Knife sharpener clamp construction |
US4486982A (en) | 1983-02-15 | 1984-12-11 | Longbrake Howard R | Foldable holding device |
US4538382A (en) | 1983-12-01 | 1985-09-03 | Bonni S. Carris | Apparatus for sharpening a knife blade or the like |
US4602531A (en) | 1984-02-13 | 1986-07-29 | Korhonen K J | Process and apparatus for sharpening of knives |
US4716689A (en) | 1984-03-12 | 1988-01-05 | Friel Daniel D | Methods and apparatus for knife and blade sharpening |
US5245791A (en) | 1984-03-12 | 1993-09-21 | Edgecraft Corporation | Scissor sharpening apparatus |
US4627194A (en) | 1984-03-12 | 1986-12-09 | Friel Daniel D | Method and apparatus for knife and blade sharpening |
US4807399A (en) | 1984-03-12 | 1989-02-28 | Edgecraft Corp. | Method and apparatus for sharpening a knife |
US4897965A (en) | 1984-03-12 | 1990-02-06 | Friel Daniel D | Knife sharpening apparatus |
US5449315A (en) | 1984-03-12 | 1995-09-12 | Edgecraft Corporation | Portable manual sharpener for knives and the like |
US5005319A (en) | 1984-03-12 | 1991-04-09 | Edgecraft Corporation | Knife sharpener |
US5404679A (en) | 1984-03-12 | 1995-04-11 | Edgecraft Corporation | Portable manual sharpener for knives and the like |
US5148634A (en) | 1984-03-12 | 1992-09-22 | Edgecraft Corp. | Scissor sharpening apparatus with magnetic guide |
US4611437A (en) | 1984-08-06 | 1986-09-16 | Morton Cohen | Sharpening system and related method |
USD303209S (en) | 1986-09-19 | 1989-09-05 | Edgecraft Corp. | Knife sharpener |
US4799335A (en) | 1987-05-20 | 1989-01-24 | Battocchi Silvio R | Knife sharpening device |
USD310620S (en) | 1988-02-01 | 1990-09-18 | Friel Daniel D | Knife sharpener |
US4912881A (en) | 1988-06-20 | 1990-04-03 | Mcdougall Philip N | Multiple angle dressing device for tools and stock |
USD328410S (en) | 1989-04-12 | 1992-08-04 | Edgecraft Corporation | Knife sharpener |
US5185958A (en) | 1990-10-19 | 1993-02-16 | Benton Dale | Professional cutlery sharpening machine |
USD342003S (en) | 1992-06-11 | 1993-12-07 | Edgecraft Corporation | Portable manual knife sharpener |
US5582535A (en) | 1992-06-18 | 1996-12-10 | Edgecraft Corporation | Method and apparatus for knife and blade sharpening |
US5390431A (en) | 1992-06-18 | 1995-02-21 | Edgecraft Corporation | Method and apparatus for knife and blade sharpening |
US5199225A (en) | 1992-07-29 | 1993-04-06 | Renato Esposito | Blade sharpening guide |
USD348598S (en) | 1993-01-08 | 1994-07-12 | Edgecraft Corp. | Manual file and sharpening tool |
US5357717A (en) | 1993-01-08 | 1994-10-25 | Edgecraft Corporation | Manual file and sharpening tool |
USD357395S (en) | 1993-04-30 | 1995-04-18 | Edgecraft Corp. | Knife sharpener |
US5431070A (en) | 1994-06-06 | 1995-07-11 | Thames; Charles L. | Adjustable knife blade guide |
US5636556A (en) | 1994-06-27 | 1997-06-10 | Friedlander; Harry | Device for conditioning and sharpening the blade of a scraper tool |
US5582542A (en) | 1994-08-08 | 1996-12-10 | Stein; Sanford | Apparatus and method for sharpening a cutting tool |
US5458534A (en) | 1994-08-26 | 1995-10-17 | Campione; Antonino | Knife sharpening device with angled guide plates |
USD368217S (en) | 1994-09-16 | 1996-03-26 | Edgecraft Corporation | Knife sharpener |
US5440953A (en) | 1994-09-22 | 1995-08-15 | Tru Hone Corporation | Knife sharpener |
US5611726A (en) | 1995-04-28 | 1997-03-18 | Edgecraft Corporation | High speed precision sharpening apparatus |
US5667427A (en) | 1995-09-20 | 1997-09-16 | Bettcher Industries, Inc. | Method and apparatus for sharpening curved blades |
USD388304S (en) | 1996-07-09 | 1997-12-30 | Edgecraft Co. | Versatile manual sharpener |
US5868611A (en) | 1996-07-09 | 1999-02-09 | Edgecraft Corp. | Versatile manual sharpener |
USD408254S (en) | 1997-01-23 | 1999-04-20 | Edgecraft Corporation | Set of interlocking sharpening stones |
US6012971A (en) | 1997-03-14 | 2000-01-11 | Edgecraft Corporation | Sharpening apparatus |
US6113476A (en) | 1998-01-08 | 2000-09-05 | Edgecraft Corp. | Versatile ultrahone sharpener |
US6267652B1 (en) | 1998-01-08 | 2001-07-31 | Edgecraft Corp. | Versatile ultrahone sharpener |
USD409891S (en) | 1998-01-09 | 1999-05-18 | Edgecraft Corporation | Sharpener |
US6371841B1 (en) | 1999-02-23 | 2002-04-16 | Ralph Ray | Knife maintenance apparatus having two distinct maintenance surfaces |
US6726551B2 (en) | 2001-01-11 | 2004-04-27 | Edgecraft Corporation | Manual knife sharpener with angle control |
US6875093B2 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2005-04-05 | Edgecraft Corporation | Sharpening device |
US20040116055A1 (en) | 2002-12-17 | 2004-06-17 | Friel Daniel D. | Apparatus for precision edge refinement of metallic cutting blades |
US6863600B2 (en) | 2002-12-17 | 2005-03-08 | Edgecraft Corporation | Apparatus for precision edge refinement of metallic cutting blades |
US20060276110A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2006-12-07 | Friel Daniel D Sr | Precision means for sharpening and creation of microblades along cutting edges |
US7052385B1 (en) | 2003-09-06 | 2006-05-30 | Ronald Swartz | Self-aligning blade angle guide |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8998680B1 (en) | 2008-06-27 | 2015-04-07 | Darex, Llc | Sharpener for cutting tools |
US9358654B1 (en) | 2008-06-27 | 2016-06-07 | Darex, Llc | Sharpening a cutting tool using multiple abrasive belts |
US20140113529A1 (en) * | 2012-10-20 | 2014-04-24 | James W. Wittenborn | Sharpener Holder |
US9061391B2 (en) * | 2012-10-20 | 2015-06-23 | James W. Wittenborn | Sharpener holder |
US20150143955A1 (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2015-05-28 | Wolff Industries, Inc. | Conditioning Device for Conditioning a Blade |
US9469014B2 (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2016-10-18 | Wolff Industries, Inc. | Conditioning device for conditioning a blade |
US10195719B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 | 2019-02-05 | Wolff Industries, Inc. | Conditioning device for conditioning a blade |
US20170312890A1 (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | Oleg Boutorine | Removable and repositionable sharpening angle guide |
US10562155B2 (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2020-02-18 | Oleg Boutorine | Removable and repositionable sharpening angle guide |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20050250428A1 (en) | 2005-11-10 |
US7287445B2 (en) | 2007-10-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
USRE43884E1 (en) | Apparatus for precision steeling/conditioning of knife edges | |
US7517275B2 (en) | Apparatus for precision steeling/conditioning of knife edges | |
US8267750B2 (en) | Apparatus for precision steeling/conditioning of knife edges | |
US7235004B2 (en) | Precision means for sharpening and creation of microblades along cutting edges | |
US6863600B2 (en) | Apparatus for precision edge refinement of metallic cutting blades | |
US3800632A (en) | Blade sharpening guide | |
US11498186B2 (en) | Sharpener with precise adjustment capabilities | |
US8092279B2 (en) | Sharpening system for scissors with complex curved blades | |
JPH0741527B2 (en) | Tool polishing method and device | |
US20080113591A1 (en) | Blade Sharpening Holder | |
US6997795B2 (en) | Versatile manual scissor sharpener | |
EP2308647B1 (en) | Apparatus for precision steeling/conditioning of knife edges | |
US3733751A (en) | Method of and apparatus for sharpening small hand tools | |
US7946905B2 (en) | Bit sharpening apparatus and method of using | |
EP1075356B1 (en) | Sharpenable edge sharpening equipment | |
US9623533B2 (en) | Sharpening a cutting edge of a tool using a reverse sharpening guide | |
US6386068B1 (en) | Apparatus for sharpening/bevelling of ski or snowboard edges | |
US5105586A (en) | Abrading tool and method of manufacture |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:OMEGA PRODUCTS, INC.;EDGECRAFT CORPORATION;GREENFIELD WORLD TRADE, INC.;REEL/FRAME:039052/0250 Effective date: 20160602 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: NORTHPORT TRS, LLC, AS COLLATERAL AGENT, NEW YORK Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:EDGECRAFT CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:039350/0197 Effective date: 20160602 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GREENFIELD WORLD TRADE, INC.;GREENFIELD WORLD TRADE EXPORTS, INC.;MORADA PRODUCTS, LLC;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:048499/0032 Effective date: 20190304 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: EDGECRAFT CORPORATION, FLORIDA Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:NORTHPORT TRS, LLC;REEL/FRAME:048500/0982 Effective date: 20190304 Owner name: TCW ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANY LLC, NEW YORK Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GREENFIELD WORLD TRADE, INC.;EDGECRAFT CORPORATION;OMEGA PRODUCTS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:048505/0502 Effective date: 20190304 |
|
MAFP | Maintenance fee payment |
Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 12TH YR, SMALL ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M2553); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GREENFIELD WORLD TRADE, INC.;GREENFIELD WORLD TRADE EXPORTS INC.;OMEGA PRODUCTS, INC.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:058601/0661 Effective date: 20211229 |