USRE42101E1 - System and method of managing metadata data - Google Patents
System and method of managing metadata data Download PDFInfo
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- USRE42101E1 USRE42101E1 US11/452,187 US45218706A USRE42101E US RE42101 E1 USRE42101 E1 US RE42101E1 US 45218706 A US45218706 A US 45218706A US RE42101 E USRE42101 E US RE42101E
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/40—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of multimedia data, e.g. slideshows comprising image and additional audio data
- G06F16/48—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually
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- G06F16/639—Presentation of query results using playlists
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions
- the system and method of the present invention relate generally to the field of managing metadata.
- Metadata For example, there is a high demand for audio data, and accordingly, there is a high demand for metadata about the audio data such as, for example, the artist or speaker name, album name, genre, number of songs, and so forth.
- One common problem is that conventional approaches do not allow the user to easily view and access the metadata. For example, it is typical for a user to have hundreds or even thousands of audio files making it difficult for the user to sift through each file of metadata. A user may have to look through hundreds or through thousands of files to find the desired file.
- Another common problem is that conventional approaches fail to provide users with control over the metadata such as the ability to make changes to a piece of metadata or a set of metadata. For example, a user may want to alter the genre of an audio file by changing the genre from Jazz to New Age.
- the present invention is a method for dynamically organizing metadata located in a database of metadata for presentation to a user in a display.
- the method comprises receiving a plurality of categories of metadata wherein the plurality of categories of metadata represent a hierarchical representation of the metadata; querying a database of metadata to produce a set of metadata query results; arranging the metadata query results in a hierarchical representation of metadata based at least upon a subset of the plurality of categories; and presenting the hierarchical representation of metadata to a user in a graphical display.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of dynamically updating a display of metadata to a user.
- the method comprises storing metadata in a database; displaying a hierarchical representation of a subset of the metadata to a user; receiving a change to at least a portion of the subset of metadata displayed to the user; processing the change to update the corresponding portion of the subset of metadata in the metadata database; determining which portions of the hierarchical representation are affected by the change; updating the portions of the hierarchical representations affected by the change; and displaying the updated hierarchical representation to the user.
- the metadata management system comprises a metadata database that includes information about content data; a metadata management module used to access the information about content data in the metadata database; and a graphical user interface configured to communicate with the metadata management module, to dynamically access the information about content data in the metadata database, and to dynamically present an organized grouping of at least a portion of the information about content data for display to a user.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for presenting metadata in a database.
- the method comprises obtaining a hierarchy of category nodes; querying the database for a set of metadata; dynamically arranging the set of metadata in the hierarchy of category nodes; and presenting the set of metadata in the hierarchy of category nodes to a user.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for presenting metadata in a database.
- the method comprises displaying a set of metadata from a metadata database in a hierarchy of category nodes; receiving a change to a portion of the set of metadata; and dynamically updating the display of the set of metadata and the hierarchy of category nodes to reflect the change.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for dynamically presenting metadata in a hierarchical form.
- the method comprises executing a search on a database, to obtain a set of search results, wherein the database stores metadata; receiving a set of user preferences for viewing the search results wherein the user preferences are based on properties of the metadata; dynamically generating a tree structure based on the search results and the set of user preferences; dynamically determining a layout of the tree structure; dynamically mapping the search results onto the tree structure based on the layout; and dynamically displaying the tree structure.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of obtaining information about content data wherein information about content data is stored in a database and displayed in a graphical user interface using a standard data structure.
- the method comprises obtaining an identifier related to a set of content data; creating a request for information about the set of content data using the identifier; processing the request for information; receiving a set of request information in response to the request for information; and storing the set of request information a database.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example display from one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a high-level block diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a flowchart of one embodiment of building a tree grouping.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of one embodiment of adding an entry to the node location table.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of one embodiment of processing a data change.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of one embodiment of processing a data change.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of one embodiment of adding metadata.
- system and method which represent one embodiment and example application of the invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. Variations to the system and method which represent other embodiments will also be described.
- the system and method are used to dynamically represent audio metadata using a master tree and a node table. It will be recognized, however, that other embodiments may use only one of these two types of data structures and/or different types of data structures to help users organize and access data. In addition, other types of data may also be used.
- a master tree and node table for organizing and accessing audio metadata and audio data within an audio playing device such as, for example, Real-JukeboxTM. While the inventors contemplate that the present invention is not limited by the type of content data and/or metadata to be managed and that the types of data may include video, audio, audio-visual, slideshow, image and text, and so forth, the figures and descriptions relate to an embodiment of the invention using audio metadata and audio content data. Furthermore, the details of the master tree, node table, and of specific implementations are set forth in order to illustrate, and not to limit, the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
- Audio metadata such as track name, artist, album, genre, track number, length, and so forth, is collected from various sources, added, and maintained in a metadata database.
- a metadata management module dynamically reads metadata from the metadata database, organizes the metadata into groupings using a groupings tree, combines the groupings tree with other trees to form a master tree, combines metadata relating to the selected grouping into a node table, and presents the master tree and the node table in a graphical user interface.
- a user may add, delete, and/or modify the metadata in the master tree and/or the node table.
- the metadata database is updated and the user's changes are propagated throughout the graphical user interface.
- the user may also use the master tree and the node table to begin playing an audio file and/or a set of audio files.
- the top node of the master tree represents a root node.
- the next level of the master tree represents root nodes of subtrees such as the groupings tree and the playlist tree.
- the lowest-level nodes of the master tree represent audio metadata of individual audio tracks, while the other nodes represent groupings (or sub-groupings) of audio tracks.
- This relationship structure allows the master tree to include various types of trees.
- the groupings tree provides ways to group and categorize audio metadata, such as, for example, by Album, Artist, Genre, and so forth as well as by nested groupings such as, for example, Artist/Album, Genre/Artist, Genre/Artist/Album, and so forth.
- the groupings may be based upon fields of the metadata database as well as other groupings, categories, and/or preferences created by the user, hard-coded into the system, and so forth.
- the playlist tree provides ways to create or provide ordered lists of audio tracks.
- the master tree and the node table are dynamically populated and displayed to the user.
- both the master tree and the node table may be dynamically updated.
- the master tree and the node table are dynamically updated without having to rebuild the entire master tree and the entire node table. Instead, the changes may be propagated throughout the master tree and node table through the use of a node location table that tracks the locations of the node within the master tree.
- the metadata management system can read metadata from the metadata database and dynamically organize the metadata for display in the graphical user interface.
- the metadata can be stored in a basic format and still presented to the user in an accessible format without requiring extensive or time consuming processing of the metadata.
- Another benefit of this embodiment is that the user is given access to the metadata to make additions, changes, and/or deletions through an easy to use graphical user interface.
- the user has access to the data through interface tools such as, for example, menus, windows, pointing devices, drag and drop features, and so forth.
- interface tools such as, for example, menus, windows, pointing devices, drag and drop features, and so forth.
- the user can use the interface tools to add data, move data into new categories and/or groupings, and so forth.
- Metadata information may be displayed in the graphical user interface using organizational techniques. Rather than having to traverse vast amounts of metadata to find a particular record, the user is instead presented with an organized view of the metadata.
- This embodiment allows the metadata to be presented in a variety of categories using a variety of subtrees.
- the user may create custom categories as well as custom subtrees affording much flexibility and user control. For example, one user may create groupings for the Genres Rock and jazz, while another user may create groupings for the Artists Styx and Abba.
- one user may group data into categories that are often used such as Artist/Genre/Album, while another user may create customized playlists.
- a further benefit of this embodiment is the ability to dynamically update the data in the database collection as well as the data displayed in the graphical user interface.
- the changes are made in the database and propagated throughout the graphical user interface such that the user is seeing an accurate representation of the metadata database.
- the user can view changed data without having to reread all of the data and regenerate the entire display.
- this embodiment provides fast, dynamic updating of the view of the data within the graphical user interface without causing much delay and/or inconvenience to the user.
- Another benefit of this embodiment is that the user can update multiple sets of metadata with simple changes in the graphical user interface. For example, if a user has one thousand files with the genre value as Pop and the user wants to change the genre to Rock, the user can rename the genre grouping from Pop to Rock and all of the nodes within that genre grouping may be updated to reflect the genre value change. This feature saves the user from having to manually edit each of the metadata files one-by-one.
- an additional benefit of this embodiment is that the user may update the metadata located in the individual content data files with the current metadata in the metadata database. For example, a user may select a command wherein the data within the metadata database is then copied to the appropriate MP3 header file that includes the metadata. For example, if a user changes the Genre of an audiofile from Rock to Pop in the graphical user interface and then executes an update MP3 file command, then the user's MP3 file will also automatically be updated such that the Genre is changed from Rock to Pop in the MP3 file.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example program display of a graphical user interface.
- an audio player program display 110 includes two windows, a tree window 120 that includes a master tree 122 , with an example groupings tree 124 and an example playlist tree 126 , and a table window 130 that includes a node table 132 with an example set of audio metadata.
- the tree window 120 displays the master tree 122 .
- the Master Library subtree 124 represents a groupings tree and illustrates ways to group or categorize the audio metadata in the metadata database.
- the Master Library subtree's 124 grouping includes five groupings, Artist, Album, Genre, Genre/Artist, and All Tracks.
- the Genre grouping includes four sub-groupings, ⁇ blank>, Classical, Pop, and Rock.
- the Playlists subtree 126 provides ways to group or categorize the audio metadata into custom playlists, (i.e., lists of tracks that the user wants played in a specific order). Users can create custom playlists indicating the order in which the user would like to listen to the audio files.
- the Playlists subtree 126 includes three playlists, New Playlist, Favorites, and Study Music.
- the table window 130 displays a node table 132 that includes information about the node that is selected in the tree window 120 . This information includes details about the audio tracks that fall within the selected node.
- a user may display a node table 132 by selecting a grouping such as, for example, by using a mouse to click on the desired node in the tree window 120 . Other methods of selecting a grouping are discussed below.
- the Master Library ⁇ Genre ⁇ Classical grouping was selected, and thus, the metadata for audio tracks that have the value “Classical” in the Genre field in the database are displayed as audio track records in the node table 132 within the table window 130 .
- the exemplary table window 130 three audio track records are shown: Concerto by Mozart, Reverie by Debussy, and Vocalise by Rachmaninoff.
- the user may begin playing the audio file of a track record by selecting an audio track for playback such as, for example, by using a mouse to double click on any field of the audio track record in the node table 132 . Other methods of selecting an audio track record for playback are discussed below.
- the user may select a higher level node, such as the Genre node located under the Master Library ⁇ Genre grouping.
- the node table 132 may then display the sub-groupings of the Genre node such as, for example, ⁇ blank>, Classical, Pop, and Rock, as well as collective information about the tracks within the sub-groupings such as, for example, the total number of tracks, total length, and total size.
- FIG. 2 represents an overview of one embodiment of a metadata management system 200 .
- the metadata management system 200 manages descriptive data, herein after referred to as metadata, about content data.
- the corresponding metadata may include information about the audio files such as, for example, the album, artist or speaker, genre, the unique identifying characteristic of a track, and so forth.
- the content data may be a set of video files, and the corresponding metadata may include information about the video files such as, for example, the genre, video length, leading actors, parent advisory rating, and so forth.
- the metadata management system 200 may manage other types of content data and/or metadata.
- the metadata management system 200 includes a metadata management module 210 that communicates with a graphical user interface 220 and a database collection 230 .
- the metadata management module 210 includes a build process 212 , an add node location process 214 , a data change process 216 , and an add metadata process 218 .
- the database collection 230 includes a metadata database 232 as well as a tree information database 234 .
- the word module refers to logic embodied in hardware or firmware, or to a collection of software instructions, possibly having entry and exit points, written in a programming language, such as, for example, C++.
- a software module may be compiled and linked into an executable program, or installed in a dynamic link library, or may be written in an interpretive language such as BASIC. It will be appreciated that software modules may be callable from other modules or from themselves, and/or may be invoked in response to detected events or interrupts.
- Software instructions may be embedded in firmware, such as an EPROM.
- hardware modules may be comprised of connected logic units, such as gates and flip-flops, and/or may be comprised of programmable units, such as programmable gate arrays or processors.
- the modules described herein are preferably implemented as software modules, but may be represented in hardware or firmware.
- the metadata management system 200 is implemented on a user computer (not shown).
- the user computer is a device which allows a user to access the content data and/or the metadata. While the term user computer is used, it is recognized that in other embodiments, the metadata management system 200 may be implemented on other systems such as, for example, a portable computing device, a portable audio player, a portable video player, a server, a computer workstation, a local area network of individual computers, an interactive television, an interactive kiosk, a personal digital assistant, an interactive wireless communications device, a handheld computer, a telephone, a router, a satellite, a smart card, an embedded computing device, or the like.
- the user computer is a conventional, general purpose computer using one or more microprocessors, such as, for example, a Pentium processor, a Pentium II processor, a Pentium Pro processor, an xx86 processor, an 8051 processor, a MIPS processor, a Power PC processor, or an Alpha processor.
- the user computer runs an appropriate operating system, such as, for example, Microsoft® Windows® 3.X, Microsoft® Windows 98, Microsoft® Windows® NT, Microsoft® Windows® CE, Palm Pilot OS, Apple® MacOS®, Disk Operating System (DOS), UNIX, Linux®, or IBM® OS/2® operating systems.
- the metadata management system 200 includes or is connected to a player module (not shown).
- the metadata management system 200 may include an audio player, a video player, and so forth such that a user may access the content data as well as the metadata using the graphical user interface 220 .
- the metadata management system 200 includes a metadata management module 210 . As indicated above, the metadata management module 210 communicates with the graphical user interface 220 and the database collection 230 .
- the metadata management module 210 works in concert with the graphical user interface 220 to build the master tree 122 displayed in the tree window 120 and the node table 132 displayed in the table window 130 .
- the metadata management module 210 may be requested to build the master tree 122 and the node table 132 upon the occurrence of several events such as, for example, upon user request (e.g., selecting the “refresh” button or via a menu option), upon an automatic request when the audio player program is opened, and so forth.
- the metadata management module 210 may generate a portion of or the entire master tree 122 and/or the node table 132 off-line.
- the metadata management module 210 may generate several types of trees (sometimes referred to as subtrees) and combine the trees into a master tree 122 for display in the tree window 120 .
- the metadata management module 210 may combine the trees by creating a root node and attaching the various trees as children of the root node. It is recognized that the various trees may be combined in other manners that are well known to those skilled in the art.
- the audio data tree may represent a combination of several types of trees and/or a single type of tree.
- the metadata management module 210 may also generate the node table 132 for display in the table window 130 .
- the node table 132 displays additional information about the selected grouping.
- a default selected grouping may be stored in the tree information database 234 wherein the default selected grouping may be based on one or more factors such as, for example, the last grouping that the user selected, the most popular grouping that has been selected, a pre-selected grouping, and so forth.
- the metadata management module 210 queries the metadata database 232 for records that fall within the selected grouping.
- the node table 132 may display metadata pertaining to the audio tracks that fall within the selected grouping. If the selected node is a non-leaf node, the node table 132 may display collective information about the tracks within the sub-groupings of the selected grouping. For more information on the node table 132 , see the section below entitled Graphical User Interface—Node Table.
- the metadata management module 210 illustrated in FIG. 2 includes a build process 212 , an add node location process 214 , a data change process 216 , and an add metadata process 218 .
- the metadata management module 210 may include other processes (not shown) such as, for example, a process for combining one or more grouping trees into a groupings tree 124 , combining one or more trees (e.g., groupings tree 124 , playlist tree 126 , etc.) into a master tree 122 , and so forth.
- the metadata management system 200 includes a graphical user interface 220 (“GUI”).
- GUI graphical user interface 220
- the GUI 220 in FIG. 2 presents information to the user such as the content data and metadata.
- the GUI 220 may also allow the user to view the data, change the view of the data, access data (e.g., for playback), modify data, delete data, and/or add new data to the database collection 230 .
- the GUI 220 may be implemented as a module that uses text, graphics, audio, video, and other media to present data and to allow interaction with the data.
- the GUI 220 may be implemented as a combination of an all points addressable display such as a cathode-ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), a plasma display, or other types and/or combinations of displays; input devices such as, for examples, a mouse, trackball, touch screen, pen, keyboard, voice recognition module, and so forth; and software with the appropriate interfaces which allow a user to access data through the use of stylized screen elements such as, for example, menus, windows, dialog boxes, toolbars, controls (e.g., radio buttons, check boxes, sliding scales, etc.), and so forth.
- CTR cathode-ray tube
- LCD liquid crystal display
- plasma display or other types and/or combinations of displays
- input devices such as, for examples, a mouse, trackball, touch screen, pen, keyboard, voice recognition module, and so forth
- the GUI 220 may display a master tree 122 in the tree window 120 and a node table 132 in the table window 130 .
- the master tree 122 provides various ways to group and categorize audio data.
- the master tree 122 displays nodes that have at least one child (non-leaf nodes) such that the leaf nodes are not displayed in the master tree 122 , but are instead displayed in a table format in the node table 132 . It is recognized that in other embodiments, the leaf nodes as well as the non-leaf nodes may be displayed in the master tree 122 .
- the GUI 220 allows the user to expand a subtree of the master tree 122 in order to view the subtrees children.
- the master tree 122 is preferably in the form of a directed acyclic graph (a tree that allows a child node to have multiple parents). While this embodiment uses an acyclic graph representation, it is recognized that in other embodiments, other types of graphs or trees may be used such as, for example, B* trees, optical trees, binary trees, n-way trees, balanced trees, min-max trees, Huffman trees, splay trees, AVL trees, and so forth. Furthermore, other data structures, such as, for example, files, lists, arrays, records, tables, and so forth, or a combination of data structures may be used.
- the node table 132 displays additional information about the node that is selected in the master tree 122 .
- the node table 132 may display metadata pertaining to the audio tracks that fall within the grouping as audio track records.
- the node table 132 in FIG. 1 includes the fields Track Name, Artist, Album, Genre, CD Track #, and Length and is arranged in a standard table format wherein the rows represent audio track records and the columns represent categories or attributes of data within the metadata database 232 .
- the node table 132 may display collective information about the tracks within the sub-groupings of the selected node such as, for example, the total number of tracks, total length, and total size. For example, if the selected node is Artist under the grouping Master Library ⁇ Artist, the node table 132 may then display the sub-groupings of the Artist node such as, for example, Debussy, Mozart, and Rachmaninoff, as well as the total number of tracks, total length, and total size of audio files data for each artist.
- the node table 132 is preferably in the form of a standard table wherein data is arranged in rows and columns such that multiple audio track records are visible in the table window 130 . It is recognized that other formats may be used.
- the table window 130 may display individual records, a tree of records, a linked list of records, and so forth. It is recognized that in other embodiments, other types of data structures such as, for example, trees, files, lists, arrays, records, and so forth, or a combination of data structures may be used.
- the metadata management system 200 includes a database collection 230 .
- the database collection 230 in FIG. 2 includes a metadata database 232 and a tree information database 234 .
- the metadata database 232 includes the metadata as well as the content data.
- the metadata database 232 may include the audio files as well as the metadata that corresponds to the audio files.
- the content data may be stored in a different database and/or only a subset of the content data may be stored in the metadata database 232 . It is recognized that the metadata database 232 may be implemented as several separate databases.
- the tree information database 234 includes data about the trees within the master tree 122 . This information may include tree types, groupings, node names, node locations, and so forth.
- the tree information database may include grouping tables that include data about the grouping tree structure wherein the grouping tables include information such as, for example, the names of the nodes, the relationship between nodes, whether the node is a standard node or customized node, and so forth.
- the tree information database 234 may include playlist tables that define the various playlists and include information about the playlists such as, for example, data/time created, name of the creator, and so forth.
- the tree information database 234 may also include node location tables that define the location of nodes in the subtrees and/or the master tree 122 .
- the tree information database 234 may include other types of information as well.
- the tree information database 234 may be implemented as several separate databases.
- the database collection 230 may also include other databases (not shown) for performing various management tasks.
- the database collection 230 may include a user preferences database that includes information on the types of audio content and metadata that the user prefers and/or the user's favorite web sites for downloading audio content and metadata.
- the database collection 230 there may be several processes (not shown) such as ID generators, number generators, statistic generators, session generators, and temp storage units that work with the database collection 230 .
- processes such as ID generators, number generators, statistic generators, session generators, and temp storage units that work with the database collection 230 .
- the database collection 230 is implemented using CodeBase, a semi-relational database offered by Sequiter.
- CodeBase is a high-speed xBase-compatible database engine that works with C/C++, Visual Basic, Delphi and Java under standalone and client/server environments. It is recognized that the database collection 230 may be implemented using a different type of relational database, such as Sybase, Oracle, Microsoft® SQL Server, and so forth as well as other types of databases such as, for example, a flat file database, an entity-relationship database, and object-oriented database, a record-based database, and so forth.
- database collection 230 depicted in FIG. 2 is comprised of several separate databases, it is recognized that in other embodiments, the database collection 230 may contain other databases or some of the databases may be omitted and/or combined. In addition, the database collection 230 may be implemented as a single database with separate tables or as other data structures that are well know in the art such as linked lists, binary trees, and so forth.
- the database collection 230 may be connected to a backend component (not shown) that receives database requests via servlets, small programs that run on servers, and sends a corresponding request to the database collection 230 . It is recognized that in other embodiments data access may be performed differently, for example, a different type of backend component may be used, or the database collection 230 may be accessed directly.
- the metadata management module 210 illustrated in FIG. 2 includes a build process 212 , an add node location process 214 , a data change process 216 , and an add metadata process 218 .
- the build process 212 is used to dynamically build a grouping tree that represents a grouping wherein the grouping is a category or a set of categories by which the data may be grouped. For example, one grouping may be Artist while another grouping may be Genre/Artist, and yet another grouping may be Genre/Artist/Album.
- Table 1 represents a sample set of audio metadata.
- a tree based on the grouping “Artist” for the data in Table 1 may look like the following, wherein the grouping is “Artist” that includes one category, Artist:
- the circles represent categories from the groupings and the squares represent the audio track records which are the leaf nodes of the tree.
- the top node (or root note of this grouping) represents the grouping name.
- the next level of nodes represents the category values for the category Artist category.
- the leaf nodes represent the audio track records (and/or a reference to the records).
- a tree based on the grouping “Genre/Artist” for the data in Table 1 may look like the following, wherein the grouping is “Genre/Artist” that includes two categories, first Genre and second Artist:
- the root node represents the grouping name.
- the next level of nodes under the root node represent the category values for the Genre category and the next level of nodes represent the category values for the Artist category.
- the leaf nodes represent the audio track records (and/or a reference to the records).
- a tree based on the grouping “Genre/Artist/Album” for the data in Table 1 may look like the following, wherein the grouping is “Genre/Artist/Album” that includes three categories, first Genre, second Artist, and third Album:
- the root node represents the grouping name.
- the next level of nodes under the root node represent the category values for the Genre category; the next level of nodes represent the category values for the Artist category; the third level of nodes represent the category values for the Album category.
- the leaf nodes represent the audio track records (and/or a reference to the records).
- the build process 212 begins at a start state 300 and then proceeds to a state 310 .
- state 310 the build process 212 sorts the data by the first category in the grouping, then by the second category in the grouping, and so forth for each category in the grouping and then proceeds to a state 315 .
- state 315 beginning with the first record of the sorted data, and continuing until all of the records have been traversed (states 315 and 355 ), the build process 212 proceeds to a state 320 .
- state 320 the build process 212 creates a grouping name node as the top of the tree and moves the current location to the top of the tree.
- the build process 212 proceeds to a state 330 .
- the build process 212 determines if the category value is already a child node in the tree. If the category value for the current record is not already a child node in the current location of the tree, the build process 212 proceeds to a state 335 and adds the category value as a child node in the current location of the tree and proceeds to a state 340 . If the category is already a child node in the current location of the tree, the build process 212 proceeds to state 340 .
- state 340 the build process 212 moves the current location to the node that represents the category value and proceeds to a state 345 .
- state 345 the build process 212 returns to state 325 if there are any more categories in the grouping. Once all of the categories in the grouping have been traversed (states 325 and 345 ), the build process 212 proceeds to a state 350 .
- state 350 the build process 212 adds the current record to the current node of the tree and proceeds to a state 355 .
- state 355 the build process 212 returns to state 315 if there are any more records that have not been traversed. Once all of the records have been traversed, the build process 212 proceeds to an end state 360 .
- the build process 212 may build the entire tree first without leaf nodes before adding any of the records.
- the build process 212 may recursively add nodes down one path of a tree and then add all records that fall within that path before moving onto the next path of the tree.
- a sample groupings tree 124 that corresponds to the data in Table 1 includes the grouping tree “Artist,” the grouping tree “Genre/Artist,” and the grouping tree “Genre/Artist/Album” may look like the following: B. Add Node Location Process
- the add node location process 214 is used to track the various locations of nodes in the master tree 122 .
- the metadata management module 210 tracks the various locations in which the node is located and stores the data in the tree information database 234 .
- the master tree 122 is preferably an acyclic graph that allows nodes to have multiple parent nodes.
- the metadata management module 210 tracks and stores the node's location information in a data structure, such as a node location table, though it is recognized that a variety of data structures may be used such as, for example, a list, a tree, an array, a database, and so forth.
- the node location table may then be stored in the tree information database 234 .
- Table 2 illustrates a sample node location table that corresponds to the node locations of the example nodes used in the Build Process section above based upon the sample data of Table 1.
- the node location table may include N locations where N is a positive integer.
- some nodes may have more locations than others. For example, if the node Speed is in two of the user's playlists and Always is not in the user's playlists, then Speed may have two more locations than Always.
- an add node location process 214 will now be described with reference to FIG. 4 , though it is recognized that a variety of methods may be used to implement an add node location process 214 .
- the add node location process 214 is executed each time a node is added to any of the trees in the master tree 122 .
- the add node location process 214 begins at a start state 400 and then proceeds to a state 410 .
- state 410 the add node location process 214 determines whether the node exists in the node location table. If the node does not exist in the node location table, the add node location process 214 adds the node to the node location table in state 420 and proceeds to a state 430 . If the node already exists in the node location table, then the node location process proceeds to state 430 . In state 430 , the add node location process 214 adds the current location of the node to the node's first empty location field in the node location table and proceeds to an end state 440 .
- the data change process 216 is used to dynamically integrate changes into the database collection 230 as well as the master tree 122 and/or the node table 132 . As indicated above, the user has access to add, change, or delete data in the tree window 120 and/or the table window 130 and the metadata management module 210 dynamically updates the master tree 122 and the node table 132 to reflect the user's additions, changes, and/or deletions.
- One embodiment of a data change process 216 is illustrated in FIG. 5 .
- the data change process 216 proceeds to a state 510 .
- the data change process 216 receives a user's changes to data. For example, a user may reclassify a song from the genre jazz to the genre New Age by using a mouse to drag the song from the jazz node to the New Age node.
- a user may change the value of a grouping (e.g., rename a grouping) by selecting the grouping and typing in a new value.
- the user may also create a new playlist by selecting one or more audio tracks and copying them into a playlist node.
- the user may make the changes using various actions such as, for example, typing and changing any of the fields of information, dragging and dropping one of the nodes into a different grouping, adding a new grouping using the menu system, and so forth.
- the node When a user drags, one node to a different grouping, the node will then inherit the characteristics of the new grouping (i.e., be reclassified), and the metadata database 232 will be updated accordingly. For example, if the audio track entitled “Always” was located under the Genre/Artist grouping Funk ⁇ B and the user moved it to Pop ⁇ A, the Genre value of the “Always” track may be updated to Pop and the Artist value may be updated to B.
- the data change process 216 then proceeds to a state 520 .
- the data change process 216 updates the database collection 230 (e.g., the metadata database 232 and/or the tree information database 234 ) with the changes and proceeds to a state 530 .
- the data change process 216 determines whether the change was made to a leaf node or a non-leaf node. If the change was made to a non-leaf node, then the data change process 216 proceeds to state 540 wherein for each sub-node (e.g. children, grandchildren, and so forth) of the non-leaf node, the data change process 216 updates the classification or field value that changed and proceeds to a state 550 .
- sub-node e.g. children, grandchildren, and so forth
- state 550 the data change process 216 proceeds to state 550 .
- state 550 beginning with the first leaf node that was changed, and continuing until all of the leaf nodes that were changed (states 550 and 590 ) are processed, the data change process 216 proceeds to a state 560 .
- state 560 the data change process 216 looks up the leaf node in the node location table and proceeds to a state 570 .
- state 570 for each location in the node location table entry, the data change process 216 locates the node in the master tree 122 , updates the node and proceeds to a state 580 .
- state 580 the data change process 216 updates the node location table to reflect any location changes and proceeds to a state 590 .
- state 590 the data change process 216 returns to state 550 if there are more changed leaf nodes that have not been updated. Once all of the changed leaf nodes have been updated, the data change process 216 proceeds to an end state 595 .
- the data change process 216 may be implemented in a different manner.
- the node location table may be limited lo include only those nodes that are displayed in the graphical user interface 220 such that the data change process 216 updates only those nodes that are being displayed in the graphical user interface 220 .
- the data change process 216 may be implemented without using a node location table.
- FIG. 6 An additional embodiment of the data change process 216 is illustrated in FIG. 6 .
- the data change process 216 proceeds to a state 610 .
- the data change process 216 receives a user's changes to data and proceeds to a state 620 .
- the data change process 216 updates the database collection 230 (e.g., the metadata database 232 and/or the tree information database 234 ) with the changes and proceeds to a state 630 .
- state 630 beginning with the root node, and continuing until all of the nodes in the tree (states 630 and 670 ) are traversed, the data change process 216 proceeds to a state 640 .
- the data change process determines whether anything in the node has been changed. If anything in the node has been changed, the data change process proceeds to a state 650 wherein a Node State is set to DIRTY, and proceeds to a state 670 . If the node has not been changed, the data change process proceeds to a state 660 wherein the Node State is set to CLEAN, and proceeds to state 670 . In state 670 , the data change process 216 returns to state 630 if there are nodes that have not been traversed. Once all of the nodes have been traversed, the data change process 216 proceeds to an end state 680 .
- each node in the tree has been marked as DIRTY or CLEAN.
- the node is accessed, (e.g., selected by the user), then the node is regenerated to reflect the changes, and the changes are recursively propagated to any of the accessed node's sub-nodes.
- the data change process 216 may be implemented in a different manner. For example, additional, fewer, and/or different states may be used to track the changes to the nodes; a non-recursive process may be implemented; each node in the tree may be regenerated before the node is accessed; and so forth.
- leaf-nodes may contain references to leaf node data such that when the leaf node data is changed, the changes may be automatically propagated to the other locations in which the leaf node resides.
- the add metadata process 218 is used to find and add metadata to the metadata database 232 .
- the add metadata process 218 is triggered if there is no information in the metadata database 232 for an audio track.
- the add metadata process 218 may be triggered if there is information in the metadata database 232 for an audio track, but certain portions of the information is missing.
- the add metadata process 218 may default to overwriting the old data, keeping the old data, keeping the old data only if the user had edited the data, or use other defaults.
- FIG. 7 One embodiment of an add metadata process 218 is illustrated in FIG. 7 .
- the embodiment depicted in FIG. 7 looks for data if there is no information in the metadata database 232 for a track and thus, there are no conflicts.
- an add metadata process 218 may be implemented using other defaults.
- the add metadata process 218 proceeds to a state 710 .
- the add metadata process 218 determines whether there is information for the designated track in the metadata database 232 .
- the track may be designated using a variety of methods such as, for example, by placing a CD in the CD-ROM drive, by having the user select a group of tracks, by preselecting a group of tracks, and so forth. If there is already information for the designated track in the metadata database 232 , the add metadata process 218 proceeds to an end state 770 . If the information is not already in the metadata database 232 , the add metadata process 218 proceeds to a state 720 .
- the add metadata process 218 determines whether the information is located in a local database.
- the local database may be, for example the CDPlayer.ini file as well as any other database or file of metadata that may be stored on or accessed by the add metadata process 218 . If the information is in a local database, the add metadata process 218 proceeds to a state 760 wherein the add metadata process 218 obtains a copy of the information and saves the information in the metadata database 232 and proceeds to the end state 770 . If the information is not in the local database, the add metadata process 218 proceeds to a state 730 . In state 730 , the add metadata process 218 determines whether the information is located with the content data.
- CD-ROM is checked for metadata information. If the content data is stored in an encoded data file such as, for example an MP3 file, the encoded data file is checked for metadata information. If the information is with the content data, the add metadata process 218 proceeds to a state 760 wherein the add metadata process 218 obtains a copy of the information and saves the information in the metadata database 232 and proceeds to the end state 770 . If the information is not with the content data, the add metadata process 218 proceeds to a state 740 . In state 740 , the add metadata process 218 determines whether the information is located in a remote database.
- the adding data process may contact a remote database of audio metadata and perform a lookup of the designated track(s) to look for and retrieve the corresponding metadata.
- the corresponding metadata may then be sent to the add metadata process 218 .
- the contact with the remote database may be through a variety of mediums such as, for example, a direct network connection, a dial-up connection, an internet connection, and so forth. If the information is in the remote database, the add metadata process 218 proceeds to a state 760 wherein the add metadata process 218 obtains a copy of the information and saves the information in the metadata database 232 and proceeds to the end state 770 . If the information is not in the remote database, the add metadata process 218 proceeds to a state 750 .
- the add metadata process 218 queries the user for the information and the add metadata process 218 proceeds to a state 760 wherein the add metadata process 218 obtains a copy of the entered information, saves the information in the metadata database 232 , and proceeds to the end state 770 .
- the graphical user interface 220 may also be updated each time the metadata database 232 is updated.
- the add metadata process 218 may only look in a local database and a remote database.
- Metadata information may also be added by user-initiated actions. For example, a user may drag and drop a set of metadata information the user received in an e-mail or on a disk into the graphical user interface 220 . Furthermore, the user may also initiate the add metadata process 218 wherein the user requests to be queried for information about the metadata.
- metadata information may also be added by other processes. For example, if a user downloads a file, the download process may automatically import metadata information into the metadata database 232 . In another example, when the user updates the audio playing program, audio playing program may automatically trigger a lookup of any missing metadata information.
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Abstract
Description
TABLE 1 | ||||||
Track Name | Artist | Album | Genre | Length | ||
Always | B | XXX | Funk | 2:34:35 | ||
Bird | A | YYY | Pop | 1:56:22 | ||
Rhythm | C | YYY | Pop | 3:21:48 | ||
Speed | A | ZZZ | Rock | 2:15:03 | ||
The field names are located in the first row and represent categories, and the metadata information, also referred to as a category value, is shown in the subsequent rows. For example, the category Track Name has four different category values: Always, Bird, Rhythm, and Speed; and the category Artist has three different category values: A, B, and C.
The circles represent categories from the groupings and the squares represent the audio track records which are the leaf nodes of the tree. The top node (or root note of this grouping) represents the grouping name. The next level of nodes represents the category values for the category Artist category. The leaf nodes represent the audio track records (and/or a reference to the records).
The root node represents the grouping name. The next level of nodes under the root node represent the category values for the Genre category and the next level of nodes represent the category values for the Artist category. The leaf nodes represent the audio track records (and/or a reference to the records).
The root node represents the grouping name. The next level of nodes under the root node represent the category values for the Genre category; the next level of nodes represent the category values for the Artist category; the third level of nodes represent the category values for the Album category. The leaf nodes represent the audio track records (and/or a reference to the records).
B. Add Node Location Process
TABLE 2 | ||||
| Location | 1 | |
|
Always | Artist-B | Genre/Artist- | Genre/Artist/Album-Funk-B-XXX | |
Funk-B | ||||
Bird | Artist-A | Genre/Artist- | Genre/Artist/Album-Pop-A-YYY | |
Pop-A | ||||
Rhythm | Artist-C | Genre/Artist- | Genre/Artist/Album-Pop-C-YYY | |
Pop-C | ||||
Speed | Artist-A | Genre/Artist- | Genre/Artist/Album-Rock-C-ZZZ | |
Rock-C | ||||
Claims (89)
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USRE46536E1 (en) | 2017-09-05 |
AU2001255361A1 (en) | 2001-10-30 |
US6760721B1 (en) | 2004-07-06 |
WO2001079964A3 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
WO2001079964A2 (en) | 2001-10-25 |
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