USRE3430E - Improvement in sewing-machines - Google Patents

Description

' lthereof.

UNITED STATES PATENT QrFIon.

ASSIGNEE, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, OF ALLEN B. lWILSON.

IMPROVEMENT I N SEWING-MAG-EliES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent N o. 9,041, dated June 15, 1852; extended seven years reissue No. 3,43% dated May 11, E869.

ments in Sewing-Machines; and that the following, takenl in connection with the drawings, 1s a full, clear, and exact description In the drawings, which represent a machine made in accordance with the principles of my inventioiuFigure 1 is an isometrical'perspective view of the whole machine, which I term a sewing-lathe. Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical sec tion of the same, taken through the axis of the vertical hook and its shaft. Fig. 4 is a View in perspective ofthe rotating hook detachedv fromlthe machine.' Fig. 5 is a view of the bobbin which carries the lower thread, which 1s surrounded at every stitch by loops of needlethread. Fig. 6 is a view in perspective of the feed-bar and its appendages detached from the machine.

This machine makes stitches according to the mode of operation of amachine of my invention, which is described in Letters Patent bearing date the 12th day of August, A. D. 1851, in as far as that a loop of upper vor needle thread of sulicient length to encircle a bobbin is pulled down below the cloth at every stitch, and in-so far as this loop is pulled up or tightened by the expansion or pulling out of a succeeding loop, and in so far as loops are seized, expanded, and cast off by a'hook sol shaped and moved. as to effect these objects, hut differs therefrom chieily in th'e part that the hoolrV is so formed that it will put this loop completely around a bobbin; and this machine, therefore, employs a bobhin which may be stationary in the line of its axis, or nearly so, and this new machine differs in other particulars, which will hereafter be pointed out as new.

The machine feeds the cloth to be sewed in accordance withthe principles of a feeding appliance of my invention described in Letters Patent granted to me on the 12th day of November, A. D. 1850, in so far as the material being fed .is clamped between a rough and a comparatively smooth surface, and is advanced when the rough surface moves in the direction of the progression of the cloth 5 but it differs therefrom in the fact that additional motions are imparted to the rough surface, so that it is out of contact with the cloth when it retrogrades to take la fresh hold thereof, and also in the fact that the smooth surface at times clamps the clot-h to the reciprocating roughened surface, and at other times to the table or platform of the machine; and this new machine also differs in other points in relation to the feeding apparatus, which will hereafter be specified as new.

The invention which is the subject-matter of this patent may, therefore, be divided into two heads-first, in relation to the stitching mechanism; second, in' relation to the feeding mechanism.

In the drawings, the bed-plate, supporting all parts of the machine, which may be screwed upon a proper stand or bench, is represented at A A IB B. In the lstandards A A is supported, in proper hearings,-a revolving shaft, U. This shaft carries, yor may have formed upon it, apulley, D, through which, or through lother proper instrumentalities, the shaft may be revolved. Near one of the bearings this shaft is turned eccentrically, or has an eccentric mounted upon it, as at d, provided with an eccentric ring, J, provided with an eccentric rod, K, whose end is pivoted to Aa rockshaft arm, L, which passes through andis secured to a rock-shaft, M, and upon the same rock-shaft is mounted the needle-arm N, which carries the eye-pointed needle h, and is exf tended -behind the rock-shaft, as at O, and

there provided with a proper spindle, 0,-to support the bobbin P, upon which the upper needle-thread is to` be wound. The thread leads from 'the bobbin through a hole, w, on the arm'N, and hence through the eye vof the needle, and is prevented from nnwinding too rapidly by means of a spring-brake, Vif, attached to the rock-shaft M, and provided with a set or tension screw, (colored yellow in the drawings,) by means of which the proper tension may be put upon the upper thread, This thread being'monnted upon the same arm that fore,

smooth under surface, is provided with a niche, as at g, through which the needle passes, and,

carries the needle, it follows that the distance between the bobbin and the needle-eye is not affected by the oscillations of the needle, and consequently no slack is formed between the eye and the bobbin. The vrock-shaft may be iitted in bearings in the standards B B; but as the sidewise adjustment of the needle with reference to the seizing part of the hook, hereafter to be described, is im portant, and as it is important, also, to preserve the axis of the roelnshat't always in the saule position in spite of wear, I prefer to support the roclishaft as follows: In each standard is a screw, X, the aperture in the standard being properly threaded to receive it. Each of these screws each enters a' socket in the rock-shaft, which has a somewhat spherical end or bottom, against which 'the rounded point ot' one of the screws bears, thus supporting the shaft. By unscrewing one of the screws and screwing up the other it is evident that the shaft, and consequently the needle, may be adjusted with great nicety sidewise, and it is also evident that when either the bottoms of the sockets or the points oi' the screws wear the latter may be set up, thus always holding the axis of the shaft in the same position. y

When the mandrel revolves the eccentric ring and rod cause the roch-shaft to oseillate,

land the needle consequently vibratesvin substantially a vertical plane, passing in its vibrations so as to intersect, or nearly so, a prolongation ofthe axis ot' the mandrel.'

'Upon the bedplate is mounted a table or platibrm, Q, upon which the .cloth is to be laid. This platform may be provided with a lgage., r, and has so located as to actin comhination with it a presser-foot or pressingn plate, f, mounted upon a spring-rod, R, attached to the bed-plate. This plate is, therea. yielding plate, has a comparatively when in use, presses the cloth downward, clamping it between its lower surface and the table, as between that same surface and the feeding-tooth. This .surface dil-ters in con struction in no substantial way from the upper stationary smooth surface of' my machine patented November l2, 1850. Upon the end of the mandrel is mounted the rotating hook E. lt consists essentially ot' a hook proper, a, and of a groove, c, somewhat like the cant between two threads of a screw, leading from the throat oi' the hook proper, and vanishing at l) upon the front of the hook, and as a whole it is an. annular or disk-shaped projection, cut away so as to form. 'the hook, grooved onthe periphery, about one-third' around, with a ehamfer, on which the groove vanishes, and with a portion of the` disk cut away, (see especially Fig. 4,) so that the needle may strike down sufficiently toward or past its axis. Thisv hook enters between the thread and the needle, thus seizing a. loop, expands this loop as it revolves, (see arrow, Fig. 1,) passes one part of the loop has a rounded point, and

behind, and the other part in front oi", a bobbin, and dually, as the hook turns point upward, casts oil' this loop, or permits it to be drawn olf, audits shape and motion enable it to perform these functions.

The lower thread, to be used in connection with the upper thread in making the stitches, is wound upon `a bobbin, F, (see especially Fig. 5,) somewhat like those used in lace-making machines, the heads of it being, by preti' erence, dished, with the concavities turned toward each other, so that there is a considerable spacebetween them at the center, and so that their edges nearly touch. This bobbin is to lie partially inclosed in. the dish or cupv shaped cavity ot' the hook, and is held there by a ring, G, mountedA upon a forked rod, H, which slides in. a' standard, and may be clamped therein by a set-screw. thread-bobbin lies between the hook and the rin g, the latter being so adjusted that the bobbin may not be pinched, but free to turn upon its own axis', and so that thread may pass between the vhook and thebobbiu, and between the ring and the bobbin. The ring is also provided upon the periphery of the hook at and about that point thereof which 'is lowest, whose vuse will hereafter be described. 1

If both hobbies be wound with thread .and

in place, the needle threaded, the cloth` laid under the presser-foot, and the end of the lower thread be drawn up between the spring s and the platform, and so into the notch iu the platform through which the'needle-descende, and thence under the little spring t, the machine, if, provided with a proper feed apparatus, will be ready for operation; the' object of passing the' lower 'thread as dcscribed being merely to'place it properly for the formation of the first stitch, and the end should be held by the linger till the first stitch'is finished. When the needle descends it pierces the cloth, carries a loop between it, and, rising a little, slacks the loop; just then the seizing part of the hookent'ers (see Figs. 2 and 3) between the thread and the needle, and seizes a hook,.revolving, pulls out or expands this loop, which lies, one part in the groove c, the other part in front of the hook ou that side nearest the ring Gr. As the hook continues to revolve it draws the front part of the loop downward behind the hobbin, and when the vanishing part of the groove gets far enough down, the thread therein rolls oft' 'over the chaml'er, and lies between the bobbin and the ring, (in front of the bobbin.) The bobbin is thus surrounded by a loop of needle-thread, and consequentlythe bobble-thread, extending from the bobbin to the'uuder side of the cloth, is surrounded by the same loop when cast oil. Meantime the point of the needle has risen above the clot-li, the cloth has been ied, and the needle descends, pierces it again, about or before the timethat the loop rolls over the chamfer. 1n descending it '(tlie This lower with a leather pad, o, which bears loop. As the needle rises, the

veye of the needle,y and as it endeavors to pull drop out of engagement with or free itself 1 being, after it is finished, like those made on motion forward in the direction of the line of standards A A, andis free to slide therein in ciprocating needle, a hook so shaped Aand ants, i li. A spring, n, bears against these upon loops of needle-thread, substantially as lvolving hook. Uponthe mandrel thereiscain moved substantially as specified, a bobbin vlies under a slot in the table, through which constructed and operating substantially as ybetween the tooth and the lower side of the ries a needle-arm, whereby the needle may be needle) endeavors to pull up the expended ward, carrying the cloth impressed upon it by loop, one part of the thread of which it is the presser-footibrward, the cloth being held composed leading up tc and through the cloth, up by'the ca m while it is advancing. After thence down again through the cloth to the the cloth is fed the cam permits the tooth to up the loop it strains it suiciently tight to from Ythe cloth, and then' the presser-foot cause part of it to roll over, so as to lie, as beclamps the cloth to the platform and holds it fore described, in front of the bobbin. ,When at rest. The face prominence of the cam then the seizing part of the hook has'rotated so leaves the pendants, and the spring n forces far that its point points upward, t-he loop is the tooth back to the place whence it com free to slip ofi', but is held between the hook menced to move.

and the pad or cushion until the strain is s ufii The cam must be so shaped to perform cient to pull it ont Jfrom between them. As the operation above stated when aided by the the hook continues to rotate it seizes a new springs, and it is clear that the tooth, when loop, and, in expanding, thisnew loop pulls up ,acted upon by the cam and springs, has four the first loopso that the iirst furnishes the motions, ormotions in 'four directions, viz: greater part of the thread for the second, first, upward toward the cloth; second,ibr the remainder coming from the bobbiu of ward longitudinally in the line of progress of needle-thread. When the first loop is pulled the seam 5 third, downward away from the tight it surrounds the under thread, and draws cloth; and, fourth, rearward, out of contact it iu to the thickness of the cloth, each stitch with the cloth tothe piace of beginning. The

the Howe sewing-machine. k progress of the seam takes place when the The action ofl the pad or cushion is imporneedle is out oi' the cloth. f tant, as it prevents entan glin g of the loops, If the eccentric or rotary wedge be so turned and also any tendency of the hook to catch that the end of thebar will never strike against the same loop a second time. The functions it, the length of .each stitch will be equal to the of the hook, which are dependent upon its whole amount of projection upon the face ci' shape and motion, are, therefore, rst, t0 seize the cam; but if the eccentric be turned so thatl a loop; second, to expand it, and, while exthe bar strikes against itwhen forced rearward panding, pass it completely around. a bobbin, by the spring', then the length of stitch will be and, third, to cast the loop oi. shortened, and the amount that it is shortened The moving feeding-'surface in this machine will depend upon the distance through which consists of a tooth, l, formed on a rod,7c, which the eccentric is turned., and consequently upat the end farthest from the tooth forms a ou the diminished rearwardmotion of the bar. spring, and is attached to a slotted bar, S, the This contrivancc for adjusting theA length of rod lying in the'slot, and, the spring always the stitch issimple and convenient. tending to force the tooth down.. The bar S I claim as of my invention l v is supported in two rabbets or notches on the l. ,In combination with an eye-pointed reright lines, and it is provided with two pendmoved, substantially as specified, as to act pendants, and tends always to force the bar, described. j f rod, and tooth backward or away from the re- 2. In combination with a hook shaped and T, which is, in fact, a doublecam, being of containing under or lower thread, located in greatest diameter at the point m, and being at" reference to the hook, substantially as set or about the saine point made to extend forforth. ward, (see Fig. 3,) so as to act as a face-cam. 3. In combination with an eyepointednee This cam' lifts and advances the tooth by a die, a hook and a bobbin, all operating in positive motion, the rod lc is .held down by combination to form a stitch, substantially in virtue of its own spring upon the periphery the manner specified.

of this cam, and the pendants z" a' are pressed f 4. A ring, in combination with a hook and bythe spring n against its face, so that the bobbin, all operating substantially as speci.- tooth is moved downward and rearward by fied.

springs. Behind the bar lies an eccentric, p, 5. In combination 'with al hook shaped and pivoted under the platform at q, and the'tooth operating substantially `as specified, a pad,

it projects at the time of feeding. described. j

The operation of these parts is as follows: 6. In combination, an eyepointed needle, When the cam revolves to the right position hook, bobbin, and pad, all operating substan-v it lifts the rod, and consequently the tooth, untially as set forth., til the latter projects through the slot, comes 7. The method, substantially as herein dein contact with the cloth, and grasps the cloth scribed, of mounting a rock-shaft which caru presser-foot; The face part ofthe cam then adjusted, substantially as hereinbefore set strikes the pendants and moves the tooth forforth.

8. The device herein described for feeding the clot-h along in a sewing-machine, consisting of a tooth having an upward motion for grasping the cloth between itself and a smooth surface, a motion forward for feeding the oloth along, a downward motion for freeing the tooth from the cloth, and a backward motion, ont of Contact with the cloth, substantially as above set forth.

9. A tooth having fonr motions, substan tially in the manner and for the purposes set forth, in combination with a surface bearing upon the oloth with a yielding pressure, and a slotted platform, whereby the cloth is not only fed, but is also clamped, so as to be held at rest between the platform and the yielding surface at certain times in the operation of the parts, the combination bein g and operating substantially as described.

10. A tooth, operating as described, in nombination with a cam for lifting the tooth and moving it forward, and a spring for moving it backward, the combination being substantially such as described.

11. The relative arrangement, substantially as herein described, of a rod vto .which a tooth is attaohed, beneath a platform, and a oain beneath the rod and eating upon it.

12. Afeeding-tooth having four motions, as described, in combination with a slotted. platform, in sueh manner that the tooth rises at times through the siotabove the level of the piatform, as deseribed. y y

13. ln combination with a feeding-tooth moved forward by a positive motion, as deseribed,'and rearward by a spring, an eeeentrieacting substantially as described, whereby the extent of forward motion is determined, substantially as set forth.

ALLEN B. WILSON.

Witnesses:

GEO. E. COLLINS, Trios. J. BALDWIN.

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