USRE28995E - Method for storing fruit - Google Patents
Method for storing fruit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE28995E USRE28995E US05/345,182 US34518273A USRE28995E US RE28995 E USRE28995 E US RE28995E US 34518273 A US34518273 A US 34518273A US RE28995 E USRE28995 E US RE28995E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fruit
- iaddend
- iadd
- ethylene
- bananas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 241000234295 Musa Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000021015 bananas Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000146226 Physalis ixocarpa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 14
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 3
- 244000089742 Citrus aurantifolia Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010017533 Fungal infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000132456 Haplocarpha Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000141359 Malus pumila Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000025272 Persea americana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008673 Persea americana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000007021 Prunus avium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010401 Prunus avium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001290151 Prunus avium subsp. avium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000508269 Psidium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021016 apples Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019693 cherries Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021022 fresh fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004345 fruit ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021017 pears Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B7/00—Preservation of fruit or vegetables; Chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
- A23B7/148—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere, e.g. partial vacuum, comprising only CO2, N2, O2 or H2O
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B7/00—Preservation of fruit or vegetables; Chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
- A23B7/152—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere comprising other gases in addition to CO2, N2, O2 or H2O ; Elimination of such other gases
Definitions
- This invention relates to retarding the ripening of edible picked fruits, such as bananas, tomatoes, apples, pears, cherries.[.,.]. .Iadd.and .Iaddend.limes, .[.and other citrus fruits.]. .Iadd.which produce ethylene and are ripened thereby, .Iaddend.and to apparatus useful in storing such fruits in a manner to retard their ripening without adverse effects.
- edible picked fruits such as bananas, tomatoes, apples, pears, cherries.[.,.]. .Iadd.and .Iaddend.limes, .[.and other citrus fruits.]. .Iadd.which produce ethylene and are ripened thereby, .Iaddend.and to apparatus useful in storing such fruits in a manner to retard their ripening without adverse effects.
- This is done in accordance with the method of this invention by storing the bananas in a moving gaseous stream, as of air, at subatmospheric pressures, with the result that the moving gaseous stream tends to flush away undesirable gases generated during storage after their more ready release under the conditions of reduced pressure. Undue increase in their concentration within the fruit is thus prevented.
- such storage without more tends to desiccate and shrink the fruit and render it unfit for normal ripening when removed from storage conditions.
- a further object of the invention is to provide apparatus suitable for carrying out the methods of this invention.
- Such apparatus is diagrammatically shown in the accompanying drawing wherein 10 represents a suitable storage chamber which is formed by a conventional insulated housing 12 (broken away to indicate extent) adapted to be vacuumized, and having an inlet conduit 24 and an outlet conduit 26.
- the outlet 26 is connected with a suitable vented oil seal vacuum pump 27 through a needle valve 28.
- the inlet 24 communicates with chamber 10 through a vessel 30 within the housing 12 which contains a body of water 32 into which inlet pipe 24 extends.
- Conduit 24 leads from a vacuum valve 36 having an attached vacuum gauge 38 and from a flow meter 40, the inlet to which is open to the atmosphere.
- Vessel 30 communicates with chamber 10 through a pipe or aperture 41.
- a water reservoir .[.40.]. .Iadd.39 .Iaddend.with a valve 42 and sealed inlet 44 into the vessel 30.
- the vacuum valve 36 when the vacuum pump exhausts the chamber 10 to a reduced pressure for which the vacuum valve 36 is set, the vacuum valve will thereafter open slightly to permit flow of air through the body of water 32 at the subatmospheric pressure and thereby becomes saturated with water at the subatmospheric pressure before passing through pipe 41 into the storage chamber 10 where the bananas or other fruit are stored.
- the rate of flow of air through the chamber 10 is read from the flowmeter 40.
- a suitable pressure for example for bananas is about 150 mm. Hg .Iadd.absolute, .Iaddend.as shown on the vacuum gauge, and in practice a suitable rate of air flow may be about one fruit chamber volume of air per hour, although the rate of air flow is not critical within wide margins.
- the apparatus may be operated at room temperatures, even better results are obtained if the chamber is cooled to for example 15° C., as by a refrigerator system indicated by coils 50.
- the temperature of the body of water 32 is thus maintained substantially as low as that of the chamber 10 in order to prevent excess condensation of water in the chamber 10.
- 52 indicates a temperature gauge to control the temperature in the chamber 10.
- the apparatus can be incorporated into, or installed on the chassis of mobile units, such as trucks, railroad cars, or in ships' holds, as well as in warehouses. Normally the fruit will be boxed and stored in chamber 10 in boxes so that large quantities can be stored without crushing damage to the bottom layers of fruit.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
Abstract
1. The method of preserving mature, but less than fully ripe, fruit .Iadd.which produces ethylene and is ripened thereby, .Iaddend.comprising enhancing the rate of diffusion of ethylene from the fruit by storing the fruit at a subatmospheric pressure in the range of 100-400 mm. Hg-.Iadd.absolute .Iaddend.in a continuously moving stream of water saturated air having a normal 21% O2 content, said stream continuously flushing ethylene, as it is diffused, away from the vicinity of the fruit.
Description
This invention relates to retarding the ripening of edible picked fruits, such as bananas, tomatoes, apples, pears, cherries.[.,.]. .Iadd.and .Iaddend.limes, .[.and other citrus fruits.]. .Iadd.which produce ethylene and are ripened thereby, .Iaddend.and to apparatus useful in storing such fruits in a manner to retard their ripening without adverse effects.
As is well known, distances and time involved in transportation of tropical fruit produce renders it necessary to pick the fruit in unripe condition with the hope that the ripening process can be controlled until the fruit is ready for display or delivery at the consumer point of acceptance. Heretofore, aeration or refrigeration has been relied on almost exclusively in the attempt to control the ripening process in the transportation and marketing of fresh bananas. Such procedures often do not delay the ripening long enough--resulting in loss of merchantable fruit, especially when unforeseen transportation delays are encountered.
It is an object of this invention to improve methods for controlling fresh fruit ripening and, in particular, to deal more effectively with the concentration build-up within the fruit of volatile products--specifically ethylene in the case of bananas--which are in part at least responsible for the ripening process--so that the ripening is retarded for longer periods than heretofore thought possible. This is done in accordance with the method of this invention by storing the bananas in a moving gaseous stream, as of air, at subatmospheric pressures, with the result that the moving gaseous stream tends to flush away undesirable gases generated during storage after their more ready release under the conditions of reduced pressure. Undue increase in their concentration within the fruit is thus prevented. However, such storage without more tends to desiccate and shrink the fruit and render it unfit for normal ripening when removed from storage conditions.
Accordingly, in addition to maintaining the bananas in the moving gaseous stream at subatmospheric pressure, such harmful desiccation is avoided by saturating the moving gaseous stream with water at the subatmospheric pressure with the result that ripening has been retarded for periods as long as 50 to 60 days under storage conditions without encountering harmful desiccation, thus permitting normal ripening to resume when the fruit is removed from the controlled storage conditions.
A further object of the invention is to provide apparatus suitable for carrying out the methods of this invention. Such apparatus is diagrammatically shown in the accompanying drawing wherein 10 represents a suitable storage chamber which is formed by a conventional insulated housing 12 (broken away to indicate extent) adapted to be vacuumized, and having an inlet conduit 24 and an outlet conduit 26. The outlet 26 is connected with a suitable vented oil seal vacuum pump 27 through a needle valve 28.
The inlet 24 communicates with chamber 10 through a vessel 30 within the housing 12 which contains a body of water 32 into which inlet pipe 24 extends. Conduit 24 leads from a vacuum valve 36 having an attached vacuum gauge 38 and from a flow meter 40, the inlet to which is open to the atmosphere. Vessel 30 communicates with chamber 10 through a pipe or aperture 41.
Also indicated in the drawing is a water reservoir .[.40.]. .Iadd.39 .Iaddend.with a valve 42 and sealed inlet 44 into the vessel 30.
With this apparatus, when the vacuum pump exhausts the chamber 10 to a reduced pressure for which the vacuum valve 36 is set, the vacuum valve will thereafter open slightly to permit flow of air through the body of water 32 at the subatmospheric pressure and thereby becomes saturated with water at the subatmospheric pressure before passing through pipe 41 into the storage chamber 10 where the bananas or other fruit are stored.
The rate of flow of air through the chamber 10 is read from the flowmeter 40.
A suitable pressure for example for bananas is about 150 mm. Hg .Iadd.absolute, .Iaddend.as shown on the vacuum gauge, and in practice a suitable rate of air flow may be about one fruit chamber volume of air per hour, although the rate of air flow is not critical within wide margins.
While the apparatus may be operated at room temperatures, even better results are obtained if the chamber is cooled to for example 15° C., as by a refrigerator system indicated by coils 50. The temperature of the body of water 32 is thus maintained substantially as low as that of the chamber 10 in order to prevent excess condensation of water in the chamber 10. 52 indicates a temperature gauge to control the temperature in the chamber 10.
At pressures of about 150 mm. Hg and a temperature of 15° C. bananas can be kept for a period of in excess of two months and upon removal from the chamber will continue to further ripen in a normal manner. In general, the ripening period, compared to that taking place with control bananas ripening at atmospheric pressure and under normal humidity conditions, is easily doubled or tripled, the length of successful storage in the apparatus of this invention being governed more by the development of fungal infection than by any over-ripening. Thus, for example, in one instance the original mature green banana control sample commenced to turn yellow after 14 days, while comparative samples stored in the chamber of the apparatus under 150 mm. Hg and at 15° C. with slow air flow were still completely green when removed after 24 days.
In the case of green tomatoes utilizing 130 mm. Hg pressure at 16° C. there was no ripe fruit peel in 40 days as compared with a control where 100% were ripe in 27 days. Samples of tomatoes removed after 40 days, and thereafter stored at 24° C. in air, ripened well within a week with excellent taste. In the case of tomatoes and fruits other than bananas, storage at even lower temperatures, for example 6° C., should permit the storage of the fruit for a period exceeding two months. For bananas, temperatures lower than about 15° C. unfortunately tend to discolor the peel.Iadd., and green tomatoes also experienced chilling damage.Iaddend..
Similarly in the case of avocados, at 150 mm. Hg .Iadd.-absolute .Iaddend.pressure, 15° C., ripening was definitely perceptible in the control after 6 days as compared with 12 days for the samples stored in the apparatus in accordance with this invention.
Similar results were secured with Florida sweet cherries and guavas picked green. Green limes remained green for 80 days as against a control where 98% of the control samples ripened in 28 days.
As previously stated, the desired results are explainable on the ground that reduced pressure in the range of 100-400 mm. .Iadd.Hg absolute .Iaddend.enhances the rate of diffusion of ethylene from the fruit while the moving stream flushes the ethylene away from the fruit surfaces. Respiration and ripening of the fruit appears also to be retarded due to the reduced oxygen tension.
The apparatus can be incorporated into, or installed on the chassis of mobile units, such as trucks, railroad cars, or in ships' holds, as well as in warehouses. Normally the fruit will be boxed and stored in chamber 10 in boxes so that large quantities can be stored without crushing damage to the bottom layers of fruit.
Claims (2)
1. The method of preserving mature, but less than fully ripe, fruit .Iadd.which produces ethylene and is ripened thereby, .Iaddend.comprising enhancing the rate of diffusion of ethylene from the fruit by storing the fruit at a subatmospheric pressure in the range of 100-400 mm. Hg .Iadd.-absolute .Iaddend.in a continuously moving stream of water saturated air having a normal 21% O2 content, said stream continuously flushing ethylene, as it is diffused, away from the vicinity of the fruit.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the fruit .Iadd.is bananas and .Iaddend.is maintained at a temperature of about 15°C. .Iadd. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the fruit is bananas and the pressure is maintained at about 150mm. Hg absolute. .Iaddend..Iadd. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the fruit is green tomatoes and the pressure is maintained at about 130mm. Hg absolute. .Iaddend.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/345,182 USRE28995E (en) | 1963-09-26 | 1973-03-26 | Method for storing fruit |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US311828A US3333967A (en) | 1963-09-26 | 1963-09-26 | Method for storing fruit |
| US05/345,182 USRE28995E (en) | 1963-09-26 | 1973-03-26 | Method for storing fruit |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US311828A Reissue US3333967A (en) | 1963-09-26 | 1963-09-26 | Method for storing fruit |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USRE28995E true USRE28995E (en) | 1976-10-05 |
Family
ID=26978095
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/345,182 Expired - Lifetime USRE28995E (en) | 1963-09-26 | 1973-03-26 | Method for storing fruit |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USRE28995E (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4655048A (en) | 1985-12-06 | 1987-04-07 | Burg Stanley P | Hypobaric storage of non-respiring animal matter without supplementary humidification |
| US5525130A (en) * | 1995-02-08 | 1996-06-11 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Plant development affecting device and method |
| US20060010890A1 (en) * | 2002-10-17 | 2006-01-19 | Bsh Bosch And Siemens Hausgerate | Refrigerating device comprising an evacuatable storage compartment |
| US20070259082A1 (en) * | 2004-01-28 | 2007-11-08 | Raymond Clarke | Packaging |
| US20090104317A1 (en) * | 2004-01-28 | 2009-04-23 | Raymond Clarke | Combinations of Atmosphere Control Members |
| US20100267144A1 (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2010-10-21 | Burg Stanley P | Systems and methods for controlled pervaporation in horticultural cellular tissue |
| US8127561B1 (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2012-03-06 | Whirlpool Corporation | Vacuum compartment in refrigerator |
| CN102986854A (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2013-03-27 | 国家农产品保鲜工程技术研究中心（天津） | Method for keeping freshness of fruits and vegetables through reduced pressure adsorption of freshness keeping agent |
| US20170339968A1 (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2017-11-30 | Alan Edelman | System, apparatuses and methods for controlling the ripening of perishable foods |
| US20180245835A1 (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2018-08-30 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration apparatus for containers |
| US20200385205A1 (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2020-12-10 | Riplelocker LLC | Atmosphere and or atmosphere composition control in vacuum chamber method, system, and apparatus |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2112580A (en) * | 1930-04-19 | 1938-03-29 | Fmc Corp | Method of coloring fruits |
| US2923629A (en) * | 1955-01-08 | 1960-02-02 | Ernesto Buehler | Process for treating vegetable products |
| US3620765A (en) * | 1968-10-14 | 1971-11-16 | Banana Control Inc | Method and apparatus for ripening fruit and the like |
-
1973
- 1973-03-26 US US05/345,182 patent/USRE28995E/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2112580A (en) * | 1930-04-19 | 1938-03-29 | Fmc Corp | Method of coloring fruits |
| US2923629A (en) * | 1955-01-08 | 1960-02-02 | Ernesto Buehler | Process for treating vegetable products |
| US3620765A (en) * | 1968-10-14 | 1971-11-16 | Banana Control Inc | Method and apparatus for ripening fruit and the like |
Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4655048A (en) | 1985-12-06 | 1987-04-07 | Burg Stanley P | Hypobaric storage of non-respiring animal matter without supplementary humidification |
| US5525130A (en) * | 1995-02-08 | 1996-06-11 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Plant development affecting device and method |
| US5689913A (en) * | 1995-02-08 | 1997-11-25 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Plant development affecting device and method |
| US7360371B2 (en) * | 2002-10-17 | 2008-04-22 | Bsh Bosch Und Siemens Hausgeraete Gmbh | Refrigerating device comprising an evacuatable storage compartment |
| US20060010890A1 (en) * | 2002-10-17 | 2006-01-19 | Bsh Bosch And Siemens Hausgerate | Refrigerating device comprising an evacuatable storage compartment |
| US9034408B2 (en) * | 2004-01-28 | 2015-05-19 | Apio, Inc. | Packaging |
| EP1718171B2 (en) † | 2004-01-28 | 2019-11-13 | Curation Foods, Inc. | Container system |
| US20090104317A1 (en) * | 2004-01-28 | 2009-04-23 | Raymond Clarke | Combinations of Atmosphere Control Members |
| US20070259082A1 (en) * | 2004-01-28 | 2007-11-08 | Raymond Clarke | Packaging |
| US9034405B2 (en) | 2004-01-28 | 2015-05-19 | Apio, Inc. | Combinations of atmosphere control members |
| US8127561B1 (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2012-03-06 | Whirlpool Corporation | Vacuum compartment in refrigerator |
| US8632737B2 (en) | 2009-04-17 | 2014-01-21 | Atlas Bimetals Labs, Inc. | Systems and methods for controlled pervaporation in horticultural cellular tissue |
| US20100267144A1 (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2010-10-21 | Burg Stanley P | Systems and methods for controlled pervaporation in horticultural cellular tissue |
| CN102986854A (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2013-03-27 | 国家农产品保鲜工程技术研究中心（天津） | Method for keeping freshness of fruits and vegetables through reduced pressure adsorption of freshness keeping agent |
| US20180245835A1 (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2018-08-30 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration apparatus for containers |
| US11015855B2 (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2021-05-25 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration apparatus for containers |
| US20170339968A1 (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2017-11-30 | Alan Edelman | System, apparatuses and methods for controlling the ripening of perishable foods |
| US20200385205A1 (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2020-12-10 | Riplelocker LLC | Atmosphere and or atmosphere composition control in vacuum chamber method, system, and apparatus |
| US11974523B2 (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2024-05-07 | Ripelocker Llc | Atmosphere and or atmosphere composition control in vacuum chamber method, system, and apparatus |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: DORMAVAC INC., 274 DELAWARE AVE., BUFFALO, NY, A C Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GRUMMAN ALLIED INDUSTRIES INC;REEL/FRAME:004175/0081 Effective date: 19830624 |
|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GRUMMAN ALLIED INDUSTRIES, INC., 4170 VETERANS MEM Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:DORMAVAC SYSTEMS CORPORATIONS;REEL/FRAME:005145/0382 Effective date: 19890418 |