USRE28818E - Stabilized dibenzoyl peroxides polymer initiator compositions - Google Patents
Stabilized dibenzoyl peroxides polymer initiator compositions Download PDFInfo
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- USRE28818E USRE28818E US05/428,773 US42877373A USRE28818E US RE28818 E USRE28818 E US RE28818E US 42877373 A US42877373 A US 42877373A US RE28818 E USRE28818 E US RE28818E
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/28—Oxygen or compounds releasing free oxygen
- C08F4/32—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F283/01—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to unsaturated polyesters
Definitions
- This invention relates to compositions and to a process for their preparation.
- the invention is especially concerned with compositions and a process for preparing the compositions containing dibenzoyl peroxide or its ring-substituted derivatives which on storage are physically non-separating into their components and which are moreover pourable.
- solid organic peroxides for example cyclohexanone peroxide, benzoyl peroxide and its derivatives, are used as catalysts.
- These peroxides are generally explosive and/or shock and impact-sensitive compounds and thus are preferably marketed not in their technically pure form but typically as pastes containing at least 40% by weight of a plasticizer, water or mixture thereof. Additional components may also be present such as dyes, pigments, and other additives.
- Such pastes have the drawback that they have a very high viscosity, which can make it difficult to remove the pastes from storage vessels. Difficulty also is encountered when they are mixed into the unsaturated polyester resins which are to be copolymerized. Moreover, the prior art pastes may be pumped only with difficulty which is a disadvantage, for example, in the continuous polymerization of unsaturated polyester resins.
- compositions containing dibenzoyl peroxide or its ring-substituted derivatives which are easy to measure by pouring and quickly disperse homogeneously in polyester resins, and which are physically non-separating into their components when stored.
- compositions containing in parts by weight containing in parts by weight
- a chemically inert plasticizer or a plasticizer admixed with a pigment, a dye or other additives will remain stable during storage and attain particularly rheological properties, if a hydrophobic, alkyl group-containing form of a silica is incorporated in these compositions in such an amount that separation is prevented.
- alkyl groups may be mentioned lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, iso-butyl, n-butyl, and tert-butyl.
- the hydrophobic alkyl group-containing silica is the reaction product of a pyrogenic silica with dimethyl dichlorosilane according to the procedure set forth in German Auslegeschrift 1,163,784.
- hydrophobic alkyl group-containing silica is the methyl containing silica marketed under the trade name Aerosil R 972, which has the following characteristics:Average particle size m 20Surface according to BET m. 2 /g 120 ⁇ 30Composition percent SiO 2 +(--CH 3 ) 99.8Carbon percent 1.1 ⁇ 2pH-value (4% dispersion in methanol/water1:1) 3.8 ⁇ 2Apparent density,g./l About 30-50
- dibenzoyl peroxide may be mentioned the derivatives which contain conventional substituents of a polymer initiator such as halo, alkyl, and alkoxy.
- 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, p-methoxybenzoyl peroxide are examples of ring-substituted derivatives of benzoyl peroxide for incorporation into the compositions according to the invention.
- inert plasticizers which may be used according to the invention may be mentioned tricresyl phosphate, phthalate plasticizers such as dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, diisobutyl, dioctyl, diisooctyl, butylbenzoyl and polyglycol phthalate, and also other plasticizers such as acetyltributyl citrate and epoxydised soya bean oil.
- dyes and other additives may optionally be included in the compositions of the present invention.
- typical dyes may be mentioned P.V. Echt Rot B, and Siccapol Rot A 001.
- Pigments which may be included are, for example, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.
- compositions according to the invention are determined by the quantity and the nature of the components. For instance, a composition containing about 40 parts by weight of dibenzoyl peroxide, 0-16 parts by weight of water, 2-6 parts by weight of the hydrophobic methyl group-containing silica hereinbefore described, and about 58-38 parts by weight of an inert plasticizer or about 58-38 parts by weight of plasticizer and additive, is non-separating and pourable. On the other hand, if this composition contains 16-20 parts by weight of water and 42-34 parts by weight of plasticizer or plasticizer and additive, it is non-separating but non-pourable.
- a composition containing about 50 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide, 0-10 parts by weight of water, 2-6 parts by weight of hydrophobic methyl group-containing silica and about 48-34 parts by weight of an inert plasticizer or a plasticizer and additive mixture is non-separating and pourable. On the other hand, if this composition contains 10-20 parts by weight of water and accordingly less plasticizer or plasticizer and additive, it is non-separating but pasty.
- compositions according to the invention may be obtained by mixing in a Nauta-mixer or other suitable mixer the peroxide, hydrophobic silica, and if desired, water, pigments and other additives, for a time sufficient to obtain a homogeneous mixture.
- the pourability is measured according to the following procedure: 400 g. of the composition were put in a wide-necked 500 ml. bottle having a diameter of 65 mm. and an outlet opening having a diameter of 55 mm. After filling, the bottle was placed in an inverted position at an angle of 70 degrees with respect to the horizontal. After 1 minute, the quantity of composition which had flowed out was weighed. The composition was considered pourable, if the following criterion is met: ##EQU1##
- composition was considered physically stable if, after storage for 8 weeks at room temperautre, not more than 2 to 3% of plasticizer had separated.
- Aerosil a methyl-containing silica
- Aerosil R 972 the above described Aerosil R 972 is contemplated ("Aerosil").
- a pourable formulation was obtained having the following composition by weight:
- 68 g. of a methyl-containing silica was added with 676 g. of dibutyl phthalate.
- 130 g. of the resultant composition was admixed with a mixture consisting of 680 g. of dibenzoyl peroxide, 80 g. of water and 140 g. of dibutyl phthalate at room temperature.
- 7 g. of ZnO were added, followed by the addition of 45 g. of water, and finally the remaining part of the Aerosil-dibutyl phthalate mixture.
- a pourable formulation was obtained having the following composition by weight:
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
A polymer initiator composition and method for its production are provided, the composition being non-separating and stable and including a substantial amount of a dibenzoyl peroxide and an effective amount of a hydrophobic alkyl group-containing silica in an amount sufficient to prevent the composition from physically separating into its components.
Description
This invention relates to compositions and to a process for their preparation.
The compositions of the invention contain dibenzoyl peroxide or its ring-substituted derivatives; the compositions are characterized by the fact that they do not physically separate into their components on storage and further are capable of use as initiators in the copolymerization of unsaturated polyester resins from unsaturated polyesters and monomers containing one or more CH2 =CH< groups, optionally in the presence of accelerators.
The invention is especially concerned with compositions and a process for preparing the compositions containing dibenzoyl peroxide or its ring-substituted derivatives which on storage are physically non-separating into their components and which are moreover pourable.
In the copolymerization of unsaturated polyester resins from unsaturated polyesters and monomers containing one or more CH2 =CH< groups, solid organic peroxides, for example cyclohexanone peroxide, benzoyl peroxide and its derivatives, are used as catalysts. These peroxides are generally explosive and/or shock and impact-sensitive compounds and thus are preferably marketed not in their technically pure form but typically as pastes containing at least 40% by weight of a plasticizer, water or mixture thereof. Additional components may also be present such as dyes, pigments, and other additives.
Such pastes have the drawback that they have a very high viscosity, which can make it difficult to remove the pastes from storage vessels. Difficulty also is encountered when they are mixed into the unsaturated polyester resins which are to be copolymerized. Moreover, the prior art pastes may be pumped only with difficulty which is a disadvantage, for example, in the continuous polymerization of unsaturated polyester resins.
Accordingly, there is a technical need for compositions containing dibenzoyl peroxide or its ring-substituted derivatives which are easy to measure by pouring and quickly disperse homogeneously in polyester resins, and which are physically non-separating into their components when stored.
It has now been found that compositions containing in parts by weight
About 20 to about 60 parts of dibenzoylperoxide or a ring-substituted derivative thereof;
Up to about 20 parts of water; and
A chemically inert plasticizer or a plasticizer admixed with a pigment, a dye or other additives will remain stable during storage and attain particularly rheological properties, if a hydrophobic, alkyl group-containing form of a silica is incorporated in these compositions in such an amount that separation is prevented.
As preferred alkyl groups may be mentioned lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, iso-butyl, n-butyl, and tert-butyl.
The hydrophobic alkyl group-containing silica is the reaction product of a pyrogenic silica with dimethyl dichlorosilane according to the procedure set forth in German Auslegeschrift 1,163,784.
As an example of preferred hydrophobic alkyl group-containing silica is the methyl containing silica marketed under the trade name Aerosil R 972, which has the following characteristics:Average particle size m 20Surface according to BET m.2 /g 120±30Composition percent SiO2 +(--CH3) 99.8Carbon percent 1.1±2pH-value (4% dispersion in methanol/water1:1) 3.8±2Apparent density,g./l About 30-50
As the derivatives of dibenzoyl peroxide may be mentioned the derivatives which contain conventional substituents of a polymer initiator such as halo, alkyl, and alkoxy. 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, p-methoxybenzoyl peroxide are examples of ring-substituted derivatives of benzoyl peroxide for incorporation into the compositions according to the invention. As suitable inert plasticizers which may be used according to the invention may be mentioned tricresyl phosphate, phthalate plasticizers such as dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, diisobutyl, dioctyl, diisooctyl, butylbenzoyl and polyglycol phthalate, and also other plasticizers such as acetyltributyl citrate and epoxydised soya bean oil.
As previously noted, dyes and other additives may optionally be included in the compositions of the present invention. As typical dyes may be mentioned P.V. Echt Rot B, and Siccapol Rot A 001. Pigments which may be included are, for example, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.
The rheological properties of the compositions according to the invention are determined by the quantity and the nature of the components. For instance, a composition containing about 40 parts by weight of dibenzoyl peroxide, 0-16 parts by weight of water, 2-6 parts by weight of the hydrophobic methyl group-containing silica hereinbefore described, and about 58-38 parts by weight of an inert plasticizer or about 58-38 parts by weight of plasticizer and additive, is non-separating and pourable. On the other hand, if this composition contains 16-20 parts by weight of water and 42-34 parts by weight of plasticizer or plasticizer and additive, it is non-separating but non-pourable.
A composition containing about 50 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide, 0-10 parts by weight of water, 2-6 parts by weight of hydrophobic methyl group-containing silica and about 48-34 parts by weight of an inert plasticizer or a plasticizer and additive mixture is non-separating and pourable. On the other hand, if this composition contains 10-20 parts by weight of water and accordingly less plasticizer or plasticizer and additive, it is non-separating but pasty.
The compositions according to the invention may be obtained by mixing in a Nauta-mixer or other suitable mixer the peroxide, hydrophobic silica, and if desired, water, pigments and other additives, for a time sufficient to obtain a homogeneous mixture.
The following examples are given merely for the purpose of illustration, and are not intended to define the scope of the invention, reference being had to the appended claims for this purpose.
In the following examples the pourability is measured according to the following procedure: 400 g. of the composition were put in a wide-necked 500 ml. bottle having a diameter of 65 mm. and an outlet opening having a diameter of 55 mm. After filling, the bottle was placed in an inverted position at an angle of 70 degrees with respect to the horizontal. After 1 minute, the quantity of composition which had flowed out was weighed. The composition was considered pourable, if the following criterion is met: ##EQU1##
The composition was considered physically stable if, after storage for 8 weeks at room temperautre, not more than 2 to 3% of plasticizer had separated.
Where a methyl-containing silica is referred to in the examples, the above described Aerosil R 972 is contemplated ("Aerosil").
34 g. of a methyl-containing silica was admixed with 316 g. of dibutyl phthalate. 135 g. of the resultant composition was added to a mixture consisting of 425 g. of dibenzoyl peroxide and 75 g. of dibutyl phthalate and blended in a mixer at room temperature.
After homogenising on a roller, the remaining part of the Aerosil-dibutyl phthalate mixture was added to the homogenisate obtained, while vigorously mixing at room temperature.
A pourable formulation was obtained having the following composition by weight:
50% of dibenzoyl peroxide
4% of methyl-containing silica
46% of dibutyl phthalate
which after storage for 8 weeks at room temperature appeared to be still physically and chemically stable.
In an analogous manner, the stable and pasty compositions listed in Table A were obtained, where the symbol + indicates a satisfactory property.
TABLE A
______________________________________
Percent by weight
______________________________________
Composition:
Dibenzoyl peroxide
50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Aerosil 4 2 5 3 4 2 4
Water 0 2 2 7.5 1 16 16
ZnO 0.4 0.5 0.5
Dibutyl phthalate
46 46 42.6 39.5 45 31.5 29.5
Pourability + + + + + - -
Physical stability
+ - + + + + +
______________________________________
68 g. of a methyl-containing silica was added with 676 g. of dibutyl phthalate. 130 g. of the resultant composition was admixed with a mixture consisting of 680 g. of dibenzoyl peroxide, 80 g. of water and 140 g. of dibutyl phthalate at room temperature. After mixing for 15 minutes, 7 g. of ZnO were added, followed by the addition of 45 g. of water, and finally the remaining part of the Aerosil-dibutyl phthalate mixture.
A pourable formulation was obtained having the following composition by weight:
40% of dibenzoyl peroxide
4% of Aerosil
48.1% of dibutyl phthalate
7.5% of water
0.4% of ZnO
After storage for 8 weeks at 30° C. the composition appeared to be still chemically and physically stable.
In an analogous manner, the stable, pourable and pasty compositions listed in Table B were obtained.
TABLE B
__________________________________________________________________________
Percent by weight
__________________________________________________________________________
Composition:
Dibenzoyl peroxide
40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40
Aerosil 4 4 3 4 2 3 3 3
Water 0 1 7.5 12 16 20 7.5 7.5
ZnO 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
P.V. Echt Rot B 0.075
Siccapol Rot A 001 1
Dibutyl phthalate
56 55 49.1 43.6 41.6 36.6 48.5 48.1
Pourability + + + + + - + +
Physical stability
+ + + + + + + +
__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE C
__________________________________________________________________________
Percent by weight
__________________________________________________________________________
Composition:
Dibenzoyl peroxide
40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40
Aerosil 4 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3
Water 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 12
ZnO 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
Dibutyl phthalate
7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5
Dimethyl phthalate
40.6
Dioctyl phthalate 41.6
Butylbenzyl phthalate 41.6 37.1
Epoxydised soya bean oil 40.6
Polyglycol phthalate 41.6
Tricresyl phosphate 40.6
Acetyltributylcitrate 41.6
Dioctyl adipate 40.6
Pourability + + + + + + + + +
Physical stability
+ + + + + + + + +
__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE D
______________________________________
Percent by weight
______________________________________
Composition:
2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide
40
p-Chlorobenzoyl peroxide 40
p-Methoxybenzoyl peroxide 40
Aerosil 3 4 4
Water 1 7.5 7.5
Dibutyl phthalate 56 48.5 48.5
Pourability + + +
Physical stability + + +
______________________________________
Claims (6)
1. A non-separating, stable composition consisting essentially of, in approximate parts by weight:
(a) 20 to 60 parts of dibenzoyl peroxide or dibenzoyl peroxide having one or more substituents selected from halogen, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy;
(b) up to 20 parts of water;
(c) a hydrophobic reaction product of a pyrogenic silica with dimethyl dichlorosilane in an amount sufficient to prevent the composition from physically separating into its components, the composition having at least 2 parts of silica; and
(d) the remainder being a chemically inert plasticizer.
2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition contains up to 2 parts by weight of a dye or pigment with which the active oxygen content of the peroxide in the composition remains substantially constant.
3. A non-separating, stable and pourable composition consisting essentially of, in approximate parts by weight:
(a) 40 parts of dibenzoyl peroxide, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide or p-methoxybenzoyl peroxide;
(b) up to 16 parts of water;
(c) 2 to 6 parts of a hydrophobic reaction product of a pyrogenic silica with dimethyl dichlorosilane; and
(d) the remainder being a chemically inert plasticizer.
4. A non-separating, stable composition consisting essentially of, in approximate parts by weight:
(a) 40 parts of dibenzoyl peroxide, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide or p-methoxybenzoyl peroxide;
(b) up to 16 parts of water;
(c) 2 to 6 parts of a hydrophobic reaction product of a pyrogenic silica with dimethyl dichlorosilane;
(d) up to 2 parts of a dye or pigment with which the active oxygen content of the peroxide in the composition remains substantially constant; and
(e) the remainder being a chemically inert plasticizer.
5. A non-separating, stable and pourable composition consisting essentially of, in approximate parts by weight:
(a) 50 parts of dibenzoyl peroxide;
(b) up to 10 parts of water;
(c) 2 to 6 parts of hydrophobic reaction product of a pyrogenic silica with dimethyl dichlorosilane; and
(d) the remainder being a chemically inert plasticizer.
6. A non-separating, stable and pourable composition consisting essentially of, in approximate parts by weight:
(a) 50 parts of dibenzoyl peroxide;
(b) up to 10 parts of water;
(c) 2 to 6 parts of hydrophobic reaction product of a pyrogenic silica with dichlorosilane;
(d) up to 1 part of a pigment or dye with which the active oxygen content of the peroxide in the composition remains substantially constant; and
(e) the remainder being a chemically inert plasticizer. .Iadd. 7. A non-separating, stable composition consisting essentially of, in approximate parts by weight:
(a) 20 to 60 parts of dibenzoyl peroxide or dibenzoyl peroxide having one or more substituents selected from halogen, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy;
(b) up to 20 parts of water;
(c) a hydrophobic reaction product of a pyrogenic silica with a lower alkyl chlorosilane in an amount sufficient to prevent the composition from physically separating into its components, the composition having at least 2 parts of silica; and
(d) the remainder being a chemically inert plasticizer. .Iaddend. .Iadd. 8. The composition of claim 7 wherein the hydrophobic reaction product is the reaction product of a pyrogenic silica and an alkyl chlorosilane wherein the alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, iso-butyl, n-butyl or tert. butyl. .Iaddend.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/428,773 USRE28818E (en) | 1969-10-27 | 1973-12-27 | Stabilized dibenzoyl peroxides polymer initiator compositions |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL6916138 | 1969-10-27 | ||
| NL6916138A NL6916138A (en) | 1969-10-27 | 1969-10-27 | |
| US8361170A | 1970-10-23 | 1970-10-23 | |
| US05/428,773 USRE28818E (en) | 1969-10-27 | 1973-12-27 | Stabilized dibenzoyl peroxides polymer initiator compositions |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US8361170A Reissue | 1969-10-27 | 1970-10-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USRE28818E true USRE28818E (en) | 1976-05-18 |
Family
ID=27351527
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/428,773 Expired - Lifetime USRE28818E (en) | 1969-10-27 | 1973-12-27 | Stabilized dibenzoyl peroxides polymer initiator compositions |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USRE28818E (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4219674A (en) | 1977-12-22 | 1980-08-26 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Peroxide initiators |
| US4360446A (en) | 1980-03-31 | 1982-11-23 | General Electric Company | Storage stable reactive peroxide paste composition |
| US4376218A (en) | 1980-04-26 | 1983-03-08 | Interox Chemicals Limited | Organic peroxide compositions |
| US4391876A (en) | 1980-04-02 | 1983-07-05 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Aqueous peroxide emulsion for use with glass fibers |
| US4435473A (en) | 1980-04-02 | 1984-03-06 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Aqueous peroxide emulsion for use with glass fibers |
| US4483784A (en) | 1980-04-02 | 1984-11-20 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Aqueous peroxide emulsion for use with glass fibers |
| US5334326A (en) * | 1991-07-29 | 1994-08-02 | Norac Company, Inc. | Diaroyl peroxide compositions |
| US5690856A (en) * | 1995-03-07 | 1997-11-25 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Solid diacyl organic peroxide dispersions |
| US5714449A (en) * | 1990-02-16 | 1998-02-03 | Unilever Patent Holdings B.V. | Non-aqueous liquid cleaning products which contain modified silica |
| US5892128A (en) * | 1995-06-02 | 1999-04-06 | Koch Marmorit Gmbh | Temporarily inactivated benzoyl peroxide, processes for the production thereof, and the use thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2838472A (en) * | 1955-01-06 | 1958-06-10 | Gen Electric | Vulcanization of silicone rubber |
| US3182026A (en) * | 1962-03-14 | 1965-05-04 | U S Peroxygen Corp | Homogeneous pigmented peroxide compositions |
| US3324040A (en) * | 1965-09-17 | 1967-06-06 | Wallace & Tiernan Inc | Homogeneous benzoyl peroxide paste |
| US3507800A (en) * | 1966-10-05 | 1970-04-21 | U S Peroxygen Corp | Flame resistant peroxides |
-
1973
- 1973-12-27 US US05/428,773 patent/USRE28818E/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2838472A (en) * | 1955-01-06 | 1958-06-10 | Gen Electric | Vulcanization of silicone rubber |
| US3182026A (en) * | 1962-03-14 | 1965-05-04 | U S Peroxygen Corp | Homogeneous pigmented peroxide compositions |
| US3324040A (en) * | 1965-09-17 | 1967-06-06 | Wallace & Tiernan Inc | Homogeneous benzoyl peroxide paste |
| US3507800A (en) * | 1966-10-05 | 1970-04-21 | U S Peroxygen Corp | Flame resistant peroxides |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Seventh Edition, 1966, Van Nostrand Reinhold, p. 23. * |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4219674A (en) | 1977-12-22 | 1980-08-26 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Peroxide initiators |
| US4360446A (en) | 1980-03-31 | 1982-11-23 | General Electric Company | Storage stable reactive peroxide paste composition |
| US4391876A (en) | 1980-04-02 | 1983-07-05 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Aqueous peroxide emulsion for use with glass fibers |
| US4435473A (en) | 1980-04-02 | 1984-03-06 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Aqueous peroxide emulsion for use with glass fibers |
| US4483784A (en) | 1980-04-02 | 1984-11-20 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Aqueous peroxide emulsion for use with glass fibers |
| US4376218A (en) | 1980-04-26 | 1983-03-08 | Interox Chemicals Limited | Organic peroxide compositions |
| US5714449A (en) * | 1990-02-16 | 1998-02-03 | Unilever Patent Holdings B.V. | Non-aqueous liquid cleaning products which contain modified silica |
| US5334326A (en) * | 1991-07-29 | 1994-08-02 | Norac Company, Inc. | Diaroyl peroxide compositions |
| US5690856A (en) * | 1995-03-07 | 1997-11-25 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Solid diacyl organic peroxide dispersions |
| US5892128A (en) * | 1995-06-02 | 1999-04-06 | Koch Marmorit Gmbh | Temporarily inactivated benzoyl peroxide, processes for the production thereof, and the use thereof |
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