USRE28180E - Method of making a pneumatic tire - Google Patents
Method of making a pneumatic tire Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE28180E USRE28180E US28180DE USRE28180E US RE28180 E USRE28180 E US RE28180E US 28180D E US28180D E US 28180DE US RE28180 E USRE28180 E US RE28180E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- drum
- tire
- ply
- carcass
- angle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
- B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
- B29D30/08—Building tyres
- B29D30/20—Building tyres by the flat-tyre method, i.e. building on cylindrical drums
- B29D30/30—Applying the layers; Guiding or stretching the layers during application
- B29D30/3028—Applying the layers; Guiding or stretching the layers during application by feeding a continuous band and winding it helically, i.e. the band is fed while being advanced along the drum axis, to form an annular element
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/02—Carcasses
- B60C9/023—Carcasses built up from narrow strips, individual cords or filaments, e.g. using filament winding
Definitions
- ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method of making large, multiple ply, otf-the-road, pneumatic tires by tape winding the carcass in a generally geodesic pattern over a cylindrical building drum.
- the angle of wrap with respect to the drum axis is maintained in any one ply of winding, but is increased incrementally from one ply to the next successive ply, thereby providing sufiicient material in each ply to enable the carcass to be shaped to a toroidal tire with substantially balanced tension in the cords of adjacent plies.
- Pneumatic tires for earth moving and other off-theroad vehicles generally are of very large diameter and, because such tires generally support great vehicle loads, they must necessarily have a thick-walled carcass with mutliple plies of reinforced elastomeric material.
- One method that has been tried for fabricating heavy multiple ply carcasses for off-the-road tires is that of winding the carcass from a tape of cord-reinforced elastomer.
- the tire is formed by winding the carcass in toroidal shape over a form by wrapping a continuous strip of cord reinforced uncured elastomer over a shaped core and then removing the core upon completion of the tape wrapping.
- This method of making a tire is generally unsatisfactory for volume production in view of the difficulty in removing the core from the completed tire.
- the ends of the drum are undercut to permit the initially applied plies to be folded back under the ends of the drum.
- This permits the initial plies to be increased in axial width, thereby providing suflicient material to permit lifting and shaping of the carcass to the full toroidal tire configuration after removal from the building drum prior to vulcanizing.
- the edge-to-edge length is measured in any axial plane of the outer plies, as compared with the arc length of the initial plies as measured in any axial plane of the shaped carcass.
- this problem of difference in length is overcome by folding the initial plies under the ends of the building drum during lamination of the carcass.
- the present invention provides a novel method for rapidly tape-winding the thick wall, multiple-ply, carcass for an off-the-road tire in a manner which overcomes the above-described difliculties.
- the unvulcanized carcass is wound in a generally geodesic pattern on a cylindrical building drum with the beads formed by integral portions of the tape being tangentially disposed relative to circles, one at each end region of the building drum, corresponding to the inner periphery of the beads of the tire.
- the angle of tape wrap with respect to the plane at the drum ends is varied in equal increments between the initial ply and each successive ply to provide control of the amount of fabric in each ply in the direction axially of the drum, or width of the carcass.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cylindrical building drum with the beginning of a tape wound carcass
- FIG. 2 is a fragmented sectional view of a building drum with the completed carcass tape wound thereon prior to shaping and vulcanizing;
- FIG. 3 is an axial quarter section of the completed tire after shaping in a mold.
- the tire carcass is formed by winding a tape of elastomer coated cords over a cylindrical building drum in a substantially geodesic pattern.
- the beginning of such a winding is illustrated schematically in FIG. 1 and will be referred to in greater detail later in the description.
- the winding may be performed generally in the manner set forth in US. Pat. No. 3,112,234, or by any other convenient method for producing a generally geodesic winding pattern, but subject to the modifications as hereinafter described.
- the tape of elastomer coated cords is wound over the drum in layers or plies of windings with the portions of the windings on the periphery of the drum making an angle, known as the green angle, with the end of the drum or plane perpendicular to the drum axis.
- the ply layers are usually formed by indexing the drum about its axis until the windings have formed a complete layer or ply.
- the drum may remain stationary and the windings elfected by a means which carries the tape around the drum. Where multiple plies are required for high carcass strength, repeated winding of the tape around the drum provides the requisite superposed ply layers of cord reinforced elastomeric tapes.
- the uncured or green carcass 12 is made, in accordance with this invention, by winding a continuous tape of elastomer covered cords over the drum 11 at a green angle ⁇ 3, with respect to the end of the drum which angle is substantially constant for each ply.
- the drum 11 may be of conventional design having the usual internal collapsing mechanism, which has been omitted in the drawings, for removal of the tire after the winding has been completed.
- the drum is collapsed and the tire removed axially.
- An adhesion resistant release layer 13 is preferably applied over the drum prior to winding for providing easy release of the carcass from the drum.
- the release layer may be of any convenient thin sheet material but in the presently preferred practice, a thin film of plastic, for example, polyethylene, is used.
- This initial determination is made by measurement from a graphic layout of an axial cross section of the shaped tire in the mold.
- the corresponding axial length, of that portion of the initial ply, required to be wound on the building drum is then computed by trigometric computations based on the cured angle and lift ratio, or ratio of the radius of the expanded portion,
- FIGS. 2 and 3 the axial cross sections of the carcass, as-wound on the drum, and the tire as shaped in the mold, are shown aligned such that the axis of the drum X-X is coincident with the axis X-X of rotation of the tire, thereby enabling direct axial projection of points on the carcass when situated on the drum, as shown in FIG. 2, to corresponding points of the shaped tire in the mold, as shown in FIG. 3.
- the distance between the inner periphery of the bead and drum diameter at which the initial ply is wound is shown in FIG. 2 as the distance between points A and D.
- the portion of the initial ply, indicated by the distance AD of FIG. 2 is that portion which is initially wound over the ends of the drum 11 at right angles to the axis of the drum and is subject to a negligible amount of pantographing action when the carcass is lifted.
- This portion although initially wound at right angles to the drum, is shown pulled axially inward slightly due to the pressure of the build-up of subsequently wound plies which cause the initially wound plies to shift to equalize the tension of winding in the various plies.
- a distance equal to the length AD on the initial ply in FIG. 2 is scaled, or laid out, along the arcuate configuration of the initial ply on a drawing, made to scale, of the tire in the mold starting at the toe of the bead and proceeding radially outward in the shaped tire, as shown in FIG. 3.
- the axial edge of the initial ply aswound over the diameter of the drum, denoted by point D in FIG. 2 is next projected axially on the configuration of the initial ply in the shaped tire, shown in FIG. 3 as point D.
- the length along the arc of the initial ply, between the end of the arc length AD and the projected point D shown as distance DD' in the shaped tire, i1- lustrated in FIG.
- the remaining portion of the arcuate configuration of the initial ply is that portion lying radially outwardly of the regions of cancelling lift, and for each sidewall and one-half of the tread region, this portion, as shown in FIG. 3, is the length along the arc of the initial ply between points D" and P.
- the cured angle a which is the angle made by the cords of the tape with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the shaped tire in the crown region where maximum carcass lifting occurs.
- this angle a is, in accordance with known criteria, selected to provide the desired characteristics of the finished tire. Also, it is necessary to select a diameter for the drum over which the tape is to be wound. This is done in accordance with known requirements of tire bead diameter and desired lift ratio.
- each half of the tire cross section has the arcuate length sub-divided into 3 or 4 increments.
- the radius of the tire to the axial midpoint of the increment AS is measured from the layout of the tire in the mold, shown in FIG. 3 as R for each of the increments AS it being understood that for purposes of drawing clarity, only one increment of arc length AS; is shown in FIG. 3.
- the local value, aAS of the cured cord angle in the shaped tire for each increment of arc length, such as A8 is determined from the relationship.
- the increment of axial length 65 corresponding to the increment AS is determined from the expression:
- the subscript T may be substituted for the subscript I in the above formulas to denote values of arc length, radius, cured tire angle and green angle as they are applied to the terminal ply.
- the point E represents the axial edge at the diameter at which the terminal ply is wound on the drum and the point B in FIG. 3 denotes the axial projection of point E in FIG. 2 onto the configuration of the terminal ply in the shaped tire shown in FIG. 3.
- the distance BE in FIG. 2 represents the length of the portion of the ply overlapping the ends of the drum.
- This radial ply length, B-E of FIG. 2 is then scaled along the terminal ply configuration in the completed tire, as shown in FIG. 3, starting from the bead and proceeding along the ply configuration in a radially outward direction, the said distance BE, shown as the distance between points B and E of FIG. 3.
- 3 represents the amount of additional ply material added to complete the region of cancelling lift for one sidewall of the terminal ply, which portion is also equal to L such that the region of cancelling lift for one sidewall comprises the length EE" and is equal to ZL
- the remaining portion of the terminal ply, radially outward of the region of cancelling lift, is that portion which is subject to pantographing action when the carcass is lifted from the drum l1 and shaped into the mold 21.
- One-half of this pantographed portion is denoted by the arc length from the region of cancelling lift to the crown center of the tread, shown as the length between points E" and Q of FIG.
- the drum set for the terminal ply is determined from the expression '/2W :E6S +2L If the change AB in the green angle has been properly chosen, the drum set W for the terminal ply is equal to the drum set for the initial ply. If the values of drum set are not the same, a new angle ⁇ S is assumed and the value of drum set is recomputed. Since he. as finally determined, represents the total change in the green angle from that used for winding of the initial ply to that used for winding the terminal ply, it is then necessary to apportion the change A S between the intermediate plies.
- the change in the green angle at: is initially assumed as usually an amount in the range between 2 to 4 from the initial to the terminal ply and the difference between successive plies is preferably from /2.
- the assumed value is, of course, an estimate, the closeness of which to the final value will be determined by some experience with the range that can be expected.
- the present invention thus provides a unique method for tape winding the carcass of a multiple ply tire of the type used for off-the-road vehicles enabling such a carcass to be made with a speed heretofore unobtainable.
- the problem of providing the necessary amount of material in each ply of the carcass, such that the uncured carcass may be wound in flat band form on a building drum and lifted to full toroidal shape with the cords in each ply positioned so as to provide substantially balanced tension in the plies upon inflation of the completed tire, is solved by changing the angle of winding an amount between each successive ply determined in accordance with the method of the invention.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Tyre Moulding (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US41875473A | 1973-11-23 | 1973-11-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
USRE28180E true USRE28180E (en) | 1974-10-01 |
Family
ID=23659446
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US28180D Expired USRE28180E (en) | 1973-11-23 | 1973-11-23 | Method of making a pneumatic tire |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | USRE28180E (en) |
-
1973
- 1973-11-23 US US28180D patent/USRE28180E/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: UNIROYAL GOODRICH TIRE COMPANY, THE, 600 SOUTH MAI Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:B.F. GOODRICH COMPANY, THE;REEL/FRAME:004618/0798 Effective date: 19860801 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF CHICAGO, THE Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:UNIROYAL GOODRICH TIRE COMPANY, THE;REEL/FRAME:005004/0169 Effective date: 19880623 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: UGTC, INC., 600 SOUTH MAIN STREET, AKRON, OH 44397 Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:UNIROYAL GOODRICH TIRE COMPANY, THE;REEL/FRAME:005617/0501 Effective date: 19901031 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: UNIROYAL GOODRICH TIRE COMPANY, THE Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:UGTC, INC.;REEL/FRAME:006002/0042 Effective date: 19901101 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MICHELIN FINANCE (PAYS-BAS) Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF CHICAGO, THE;REEL/FRAME:006169/0591 Effective date: 19911209 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: UNIROYAL GOODRICH TIRE COMPANY, THE, OHIO Free format text: PARTIAL RELEASE;ASSIGNOR:MICHELIN FINANCE (PAYS-BAS) B.V.;REEL/FRAME:006401/0055 Effective date: 19911231 |