USRE25164E - Process for chemically bonding a coating - Google Patents
Process for chemically bonding a coating Download PDFInfo
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- USRE25164E USRE25164E US25164DE USRE25164E US RE25164 E USRE25164 E US RE25164E US 25164D E US25164D E US 25164DE US RE25164 E USRE25164 E US RE25164E
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- fabric
- polymer
- ultraviolet light
- organic
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title description 32
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 32
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 description 5
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- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002301 Cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000581364 Clinitrachus argentatus Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229940120889 Dipyrone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene (PE) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 Polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Natural products C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 Wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetyl Chemical group CC(=O)C(C)=O QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNQXJPARXFUULZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxolane Chemical compound C1COOC1 SNQXJPARXFUULZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005678 ethenylene group Chemical group [H]C([*:1])=C([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950000257 metamizole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DJGAAPFSPWAYTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M metamizole sodium Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C(N(CS([O-])(=O)=O)C)=C(C)N(C)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 DJGAAPFSPWAYTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- IMTKRLUCQZWPRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazine-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=NN=N1 IMTKRLUCQZWPRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/55—Epoxy resins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/04—Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/08—Organic compounds
- D06M10/10—Macromolecular compounds
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved coating process, and is more particularly concerned with the use of ultraviolet light in applying coatings of non-polymerizable organic materials to films, fibers and other shaped objects of polymeric materials.
- the non-polymerizable organic coating material may be a mixture of several compounds, at least one of which must exhibit substantial absorption of ultraviolet light in the wave length range of 2000-4000 A., and particularly from 2000-3000 A. It is not essential that all the matter of the coating material be ultraviolet-absorbent since, in the examples below, it is shown that when at least one ultraviolet absorber is present in a coating mixture, other non-absorbent, non-polymerizable organic materials become attached. However, the bonding process operates more efiiciently when all of the coating material is ultraviolet-absorbent, and this represents the preferred practice.
- a shaped organic polymer is coated with a thin layer of an ultraviolet-absorbent, non-polymerizable organic coating material.
- the coated polymer is placed in an atmosphere of nitrogen and irradiated with ultraviolet light until the coating is substantially permanently attached to the polymer. Because of its greater activity in this process, ultraviolet light of wave length in the range of 2000-3000 A. is especially preferred. In using the shorter wave lengths of ultraviolet light, the efiiciency of the attachment proccess is improved by operating in an atmosphere of reduced ultraviolet absorbency such as nitrogen or, more particularly, in a vacuum.
- the coating material is found to be chemically bonded to the polymer so that the coating cannot be separated from the polymer by abrasion or by the action of solvents, such as the one used to deposit the coating material before irradiation.
- Nylon talfeta fabric woven from 70 denier 34 filament yarn and having a thread count of 112 x 72 is padded with a 16% aqueous solution of a Bisphenol A"/epichlorohydrin-coupled polyethylene glycol of the approximate composition 6H stantially permanent coating of chemically distinct nonpolymerizable organic material, and which does not depend upon the use of polymerizable coating materials;
- Another object is to provide such a process which is of particular value in applying antistatic coatings to textile materials and the like.
- Another object is to provide textile materials of improved antistatic properties.
- FIGURE represents schematically and simultaneously a flow-sheet of the process and apparatus in which the process can be accomplished.
- an organic polymeric substrate 10 coated with a chemically distinct non-polymerizable organic material 11 having a critical coefficient of extinction (see infra) is shown being irradiated With ultraviolet light 12 from any convenient source 13.
- Substrate 10 is held on support 14 within an airtight box 15 provided with gas inlet 16, gas outlet 17, and a window 18 transparent to ultraviolet radiation.
- the physical manipulations required for accomplishing the process are fairly simple. They consist primarily in applying the chemically distinct non-polymerizable organic material to the polymer so as to form a coating having an extinction coefiicient of at least 0.5 at a wave length of 2000-4000 A. and subjecting the coating to ultraviolet light in the absence of oxygen to form a chemical bond between the material and the polymer.
- This coupled polyethylene glycol exhibits an extinction coefiicient (k) of 1.5 at 2280 A. 1.45 at 2190 A. and 5.0 at 2000 A., and has the same ultraviolet light absorption spectrum except for intensity as 2,2-(4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl)propane (Bisphenol A").
- the fabric is 'dried and a gain in weight of 21% over the uncoated fabric is observed.
- the impregnated fabric is placed in a box having a Corning Filter, Glass Code 791, Color Specification 9-54, ground and polished to about 2 mm. thickness, as the top closure. This filter transmits 25% at 2310 A., 50% at 2415 A., at 2650A. and at 3320 A. and higher.
- Nitrogen is passed through the box to exclude air.
- the box is placed under a Hanovia Analytic Model lamp that employs a 325-watt type L burner and has an output of about 78 watts below 4000 A.
- the box is arranged so that the fabric is about 7" from the lamp. After one hour of irradiation, the fabric is turned over and irradiation is continued for a second hour, the nitrogen atmossphere being maintained. The fabric is removed and laundered once. After conditioning overnight at 50% relative humidity and 23 C., the fabric is tested with a sensitive meter of the I type described by Hayek and Chromey, Am. Dyestuff Rptr., 40, 225 (1951).
- log R The log of the resistivity (log R) is 10.7 as compared with over Each laundering comprises exposure in a mech'anically agitated Washer for 30 minutes .in an 0.125% aqueous solution of a commercial detergent at about 70 C., followed by thorough rinsing with water. It is evident that this treatment is permanent for all practical purposes since most garments are worn out or discarded long before they have been laundered fifty times. It should also be noted that no weight correction is 'made for the wear of launder- 1 ing so that weight decrease is at least partly due to physical loss.
- Example II Example I is repeated except that a more opaque Corning Filter, Glass Code 9700, Color Specification 9-53 is used. This filter transmits 25 at 2800 A., 50% at 2910 A., 75% at 3060 A. and 90% at 3400 A. and higher. Observations on the fabric are as follows:
- Example III Example I is repeated except that the still more opaque Corning Filter, Glass Code 0160, Color Specification 0-54 is employed. This filter transmits at 3100 A., 50% at 3160 A., 75% at 3260 A. and 90% at 3500 A. and higher.
- the treated fabric shows log R values of 12.0 and 13.2 after one and ten launderings, respectively, and a weight gain of 0.5% after one laundering. This indicates that the most effective radiation for attachment of coatings according to this invention is in the range of wave lengths below about 3000 A.
- EXAMPLE IV A fabric of polyethylene terephthalate (Dacron po1yester fiber) is coated with the coupled polyethylene glycol of Example I and irradiated with ultraviolet light as in Example I. After one and ten launderings, respectively, the values of log R are 11.3 and 12.1. An uncoated control fabric has a log R above 13.1.
- Nylon taffeta fabric like that in Example I, is coated with polyethylene glycol of approximately 10,000 molecular weight (Carbowax 10M) and irradiated with ultraviolet light as in Example I.
- the polyethylene glycol employed shows an extinction coefiicient (k) below 0.5
- polymer is intended to include any normally solid organic polymeric material, particularly those with molecular weights in excess of 500 and preferably in excess of 1000.
- hydrocarbon polymers such as polyethylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, rubber, polyisobutylene, butadienc/styrene copolymers and the like; halogenated hydrocarbon polymers, such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polychloroprene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride and the like; ester-containing polymers, such as polyvinyl acetate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate cellulose acetate and the like; hydroxyl-containing polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, regenerated cellulose and the like; ether-containing polymers, such as solid polytetrahydrofuran, polyformaldehyde, dioxolane polymers and the like; condensation poly
- Non-polymerizable organic coating material is used to designate an organic compound or composition which is chemically distinct from the shaped organic polymer and is free of units of ethylenic carbon-to-carbon unsaturation which are polymerizable by any of the customary free radical-type or ionic-type polymerization catalysts.
- the coating material may be a compound containing at least one C-X bond where X is hydrogen, halogen, or carbon such as a hydrocarbon, halogenated hydrocarbon, alcohol, amine, aldehyde, ketone, ether, acid, ester, amide, phenol, sulfonic acid nitro compound, fat, synthetic polymer and the like.
- X is hydrogen, halogen, or carbon
- a preferred group of organic compounds are aromatic compounds.
- Another preferred group are heterocyclic compounds having conjugate unsaturation.
- Other non-polymerizable materials that may be used are dipyrone and diacetyl.
- the coating material have an extinction coeflicient (k) of at least 0.5 at some wave length in the range of 2000- 3000 A.
- the extinction coefficient is determined from the relationship 1 incident light 0 ansmitted light where the transmitted light is measured after passage through a solution of the material in a solvent in conventional manner, C is the concentration of material being tested in grams per liter of solution, L is the length of light path through the solution in centimeters, and k is the extinction coefiicient for the material calculated by substituting the test data in the equation.
- Temperaure is not a critical factor in the present invention, and the process can be carried out over a wide range of temperatures, e.g., from -80 C. up to the distortion or decomposition temperature of the polymer substrate. However, there is no advantage in operating at extremes of temperature and, for practical reasons, room temperature is preferred.
- the process of this invention is particularly useful for attaching substantially permanent antistatic coatings to fibrous materials, such as clothing, rugs, and the like.
- said coating material is a composition containing an organic compound to be chemically bonded to the polymer and at least one component capable of absorbing ultraviolet light.
Description
y 1962 E. TfCLlNE Re. 25,164
PROCESS FOR CHEMICALLY BONDING A COATING TO AN ORGANIC POLYMER SUBSTRATE Original Filed April 20, 1956 ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT mas-FREE NONPOLYHERIZABLE "comm; MATERIAL I? \POEYIERIC ORGANIC suasmmz INVENTOR EDWARD TERRY CLINE ATTORNEY United States Patent ()fifice Re. 25,164 Reissued May 1, 1962 25,164 PROCESS FOR CHEMICALLY BONDING A COAT- ING TO AN ORGANIC POLYMER SUBSTRATE Edward Terry Cline, New Castle County, Del., assignor to E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware Original No. 2,875,092, dated Feb. 24, 1959, Ser. No. 579,439, Apr. 20, 1956. Application for reissue Jan. 27, 1961, Ser. No. 85,440
8 Claims. (Cl. 117--62) Matter enclosed in heavy brackets appears in the original patent but forms no part of this reissue specification; matter printed in italics indicates the additions made by reissue.
This invention relates to an improved coating process, and is more particularly concerned with the use of ultraviolet light in applying coatings of non-polymerizable organic materials to films, fibers and other shaped objects of polymeric materials.
Improved surface characteristics are desirable in many of the uses of both synthetic and natural polymers. Thus the static properties of synthetic fibers are often a problem in fabric uses. Better scratch resistance is usually desirable in transparent plastic sheet material used as artificial glass, and improved surface slip is often desirable for polymer films. Organic coating materials are known which will provide better surface characteristics in such respects, but coatings of non-polymerizable materials have not been sufiiciently permanent for most purposes, being readily rubbed, flaked or washed oflf. Better coatings have been obtained when using polymerizable coating materials, which are polymerized after application, but this has not proven to be a practical solution to the problem because of the nature of the materials and equipment required; the method is not adaptable to ordinary coating procedures and the types of materials which can be used are extremely limited.
It is an object of this invention to provide a practical and economical process for forming on a polymer a sub- The non-polymerizable organic coating material may be a mixture of several compounds, at least one of which must exhibit substantial absorption of ultraviolet light in the wave length range of 2000-4000 A., and particularly from 2000-3000 A. It is not essential that all the matter of the coating material be ultraviolet-absorbent since, in the examples below, it is shown that when at least one ultraviolet absorber is present in a coating mixture, other non-absorbent, non-polymerizable organic materials become attached. However, the bonding process operates more efiiciently when all of the coating material is ultraviolet-absorbent, and this represents the preferred practice.
In a preferred embodiment of this invention, a shaped organic polymer is coated with a thin layer of an ultraviolet-absorbent, non-polymerizable organic coating material. The coated polymer is placed in an atmosphere of nitrogen and irradiated with ultraviolet light until the coating is substantially permanently attached to the polymer. Because of its greater activity in this process, ultraviolet light of wave length in the range of 2000-3000 A. is especially preferred. In using the shorter wave lengths of ultraviolet light, the efiiciency of the attachment proccess is improved by operating in an atmosphere of reduced ultraviolet absorbency such as nitrogen or, more particularly, in a vacuum. When the assembly is returned to the air, the coating material is found to be chemically bonded to the polymer so that the coating cannot be separated from the polymer by abrasion or by the action of solvents, such as the one used to deposit the coating material before irradiation.
In the following examples parts are by weight unless otherwise specified.
EXAMPLE I Nylon talfeta fabric woven from 70 denier 34 filament yarn and having a thread count of 112 x 72 is padded with a 16% aqueous solution of a Bisphenol A"/epichlorohydrin-coupled polyethylene glycol of the approximate composition 6H stantially permanent coating of chemically distinct nonpolymerizable organic material, and which does not depend upon the use of polymerizable coating materials;
Another object is to provide such a process which is of particular value in applying antistatic coatings to textile materials and the like.
Another object is to provide textile materials of improved antistatic properties.
The above-mentioned and yet other objects of the invention are achieved in accordance with the remainder of the specification and with the appended drawing in which:
The FIGURE represents schematically and simultaneously a flow-sheet of the process and apparatus in which the process can be accomplished. In this drawing an organic polymeric substrate 10 coated with a chemically distinct non-polymerizable organic material 11 having a critical coefficient of extinction (see infra) is shown being irradiated With ultraviolet light 12 from any convenient source 13. Substrate 10 is held on support 14 within an airtight box 15 provided with gas inlet 16, gas outlet 17, and a window 18 transparent to ultraviolet radiation.
The physical manipulations required for accomplishing the process are fairly simple. They consist primarily in applying the chemically distinct non-polymerizable organic material to the polymer so as to form a coating having an extinction coefiicient of at least 0.5 at a wave length of 2000-4000 A. and subjecting the coating to ultraviolet light in the absence of oxygen to form a chemical bond between the material and the polymer.
CH3 This coupled polyethylene glycol exhibits an extinction coefiicient (k) of 1.5 at 2280 A. 1.45 at 2190 A. and 5.0 at 2000 A., and has the same ultraviolet light absorption spectrum except for intensity as 2,2-(4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl)propane (Bisphenol A"). The fabric is 'dried and a gain in weight of 21% over the uncoated fabric is observed. The impregnated fabric is placed in a box having a Corning Filter, Glass Code 791, Color Specification 9-54, ground and polished to about 2 mm. thickness, as the top closure. This filter transmits 25% at 2310 A., 50% at 2415 A., at 2650A. and at 3320 A. and higher. Nitrogen is passed through the box to exclude air. The box is placed under a Hanovia Analytic Model lamp that employs a 325-watt type L burner and has an output of about 78 watts below 4000 A. The box is arranged so that the fabric is about 7" from the lamp. After one hour of irradiation, the fabric is turned over and irradiation is continued for a second hour, the nitrogen atmossphere being maintained. The fabric is removed and laundered once. After conditioning overnight at 50% relative humidity and 23 C., the fabric is tested with a sensitive meter of the I type described by Hayek and Chromey, Am. Dyestuff Rptr., 40, 225 (1951). The log of the resistivity (log R) is 10.7 as compared with over Each laundering comprises exposure in a mech'anically agitated Washer for 30 minutes .in an 0.125% aqueous solution of a commercial detergent at about 70 C., followed by thorough rinsing with water. It is evident that this treatment is permanent for all practical purposes since most garments are worn out or discarded long before they have been laundered fifty times. It should also be noted that no weight correction is 'made for the wear of launder- 1 ing so that weight decrease is at least partly due to physical loss.
In a control experiment, a similarly impregnated fabric is exposed in air in the same location relative to the ultraviolet light source and without any filter (i.e., the ultraviolet radiation is somewhat more intense, especially at the lower wave lengths). No attachment is observed, since after one laundering the fabric has a log R above 13.3 and exhibits no gain in weight.
EXAMPLE II Example I is repeated except that a more opaque Corning Filter, Glass Code 9700, Color Specification 9-53 is used. This filter transmits 25 at 2800 A., 50% at 2910 A., 75% at 3060 A. and 90% at 3400 A. and higher. Observations on the fabric are as follows:
Fabric Weight Gain (over Number of Launderings Log R Untreated Weight), Percent It is noted that the coating remained attached through twenty launderings.
EXAMPLE III Example I is repeated except that the still more opaque Corning Filter, Glass Code 0160, Color Specification 0-54 is employed. This filter transmits at 3100 A., 50% at 3160 A., 75% at 3260 A. and 90% at 3500 A. and higher. The treated fabric shows log R values of 12.0 and 13.2 after one and ten launderings, respectively, and a weight gain of 0.5% after one laundering. This indicates that the most effective radiation for attachment of coatings according to this invention is in the range of wave lengths below about 3000 A.
EXAMPLE IV A fabric of polyethylene terephthalate (Dacron po1yester fiber) is coated with the coupled polyethylene glycol of Example I and irradiated with ultraviolet light as in Example I. After one and ten launderings, respectively, the values of log R are 11.3 and 12.1. An uncoated control fabric has a log R above 13.1.
EXAMPLE V Nylon taffeta fabric, like that in Example I, is coated with polyethylene glycol of approximately 10,000 molecular weight (Carbowax 10M) and irradiated with ultraviolet light as in Example I. The polyethylene glycol employed shows an extinction coefiicient (k) below 0.5
in the range 2000-4000 A. For example, k is 0.038 at 2100 A. and 0.07 at 2000 A. Weight gain after impregnation and drying is 12.2%. Following irradiation and one laundering, the fabric has a log R above 13.3 and a residual weight gain of only 0.4%. This indicates that little, if any, attachment occurred. 7 p
The above procedure is repeated except that the fabric is padded with an aqueous solution containing 16% poly ethylene glycol of approximately 10,000 molecular weight (Ca1*bowax 10M) 0.4% of 2,2-(4,4-dihyd roxydiphenyD-p'ropane and 15% ethyl al'cohol, by weight, and the fabric is dried. After irradiation as in Example I and one laundering, the fabric has a log R of 12.1 and a weight gain of 1.1%. This weight gain is greater by 0.7% than the theoretical weight gain possible from attachment of all the 2,2-(4,4-dihydroxydiphenyl)propane employed, and indicates that a substantial amount of the polyethylene glycol is attached along with the ultravioletabsorbent coating material. 2,2 (4,4=Dihydroxydiphenyl)-propane has an extinction coefiicient (k) of 15 at 2850 A., 65 at 2280 A., 57 at 2180 A. and at 2070 A.
The term polymer is intended to include any normally solid organic polymeric material, particularly those with molecular weights in excess of 500 and preferably in excess of 1000. Thus, there maybe employed hydrocarbon polymers, such as polyethylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, rubber, polyisobutylene, butadienc/styrene copolymers and the like; halogenated hydrocarbon polymers, such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polychloroprene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride and the like; ester-containing polymers, such as polyvinyl acetate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate cellulose acetate and the like; hydroxyl-containing polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, regenerated cellulose and the like; ether-containing polymers, such as solid polytetrahydrofuran, polyformaldehyde, dioxolane polymers and the like; condensation polymers, such as phenolformaldehyde polymers, urea-formaldehyde polymers, triazine-formaldehyde polymers; polyamides, polyimides and the like, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl acetals and copolymers based on two or more of the above compounds, as well as natural and synthetic protein polymers such as wool and the like.
Non-polymerizable organic coating material is used to designate an organic compound or composition which is chemically distinct from the shaped organic polymer and is free of units of ethylenic carbon-to-carbon unsaturation which are polymerizable by any of the customary free radical-type or ionic-type polymerization catalysts. In particular, terminal vinylene, CH =C groups must not be present since they may undergo vinyl polymerization under ultraviolet irradiation. Thus, the coating material may be a compound containing at least one C-X bond where X is hydrogen, halogen, or carbon such as a hydrocarbon, halogenated hydrocarbon, alcohol, amine, aldehyde, ketone, ether, acid, ester, amide, phenol, sulfonic acid nitro compound, fat, synthetic polymer and the like. By reason of enhanced reactivity, because of their ability to absorb ultraviolet light, a preferred group of organic compounds are aromatic compounds. Another preferred group are heterocyclic compounds having conjugate unsaturation. Other non-polymerizable materials that may be used are dipyrone and diacetyl.
When it is desired to attach materials that have extinction coefficients below 0.5 in the range 2000-3000 A., sufficient of another component that has appreciable absorption of ultraviolet light should be included to provide a suitable absorption value. This is illustrated in Example V. Whether the non-polymerizable organic compound has appreciable ultraviolet absorption and is used alone or has no appreciable ultraviolet absorption and is used in a composition containing a minor amount of an ultraviolet absorbing organic compound, it is preferable that the coating material have an extinction coeflicient (k) of at least 0.5 at some wave length in the range of 2000- 3000 A. The extinction coefficient is determined from the relationship 1 incident light 0 ansmitted light where the transmitted light is measured after passage through a solution of the material in a solvent in conventional manner, C is the concentration of material being tested in grams per liter of solution, L is the length of light path through the solution in centimeters, and k is the extinction coefiicient for the material calculated by substituting the test data in the equation.
Temperaure is not a critical factor in the present invention, and the process can be carried out over a wide range of temperatures, e.g., from -80 C. up to the distortion or decomposition temperature of the polymer substrate. However, there is no advantage in operating at extremes of temperature and, for practical reasons, room temperature is preferred.
As shown in the foregoing examples, the process of this invention is particularly useful for attaching substantially permanent antistatic coatings to fibrous materials, such as clothing, rugs, and the like.
Since many different embodiments of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is to he understood that the invention is not limited by the specific illustrations except to the exent defined in the following claims.
What is claimed is:
1. In a process for improving the surface characteristics of an organic polymer by coating the polymer with a chemically distinct organic material free of ethylenic carbon-to-carbon unsaturation, the improvement of applying said material as a coating having an extinction coefiicient of at least 0.5 at a wavelength in the range of 2000-4000 A. and subjecting the coating to ultraviolet light in the absence of oxygen to form a chemical bond between the material and the polymer.
2. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein said material is an organic compound having an extinction co- 6 efiicient of at least 0.5 at a wave length in the range of 2000-3000 A.
3. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein said coating material is a composition containing an organic compound to be chemically bonded to the polymer and at least one component capable of absorbing ultraviolet light.
4. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein said coating is subjected to ultraviolet light of a wavelength of 2000-3000 A.
5. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein the organic polymer is fibrous.
6. A process as defined in claim 5 wherein the organic polymer constitutes a fabric.
7. The process of improving the properties of nylon which comprises impregnating the same with a polyethylene glycol having an extinction coefiicient of at least 0.5 at a wavelength in the range of 2000-4000 A. and subjecting the coating to ultraviolet light in the absence of oxygen to form a chemical bond between the polyethylene glycol and the nylon.
8. The process of improving the properties of polyethylene terephthalate which comprises impregnating the same with a polyethylene glycol having an extinction coefiicient of at least 0.5 at a wavelength in the range of 2000-4000 A. and subjecting the coating to ultraviolet light in the absence of oxygen to form a chemical bond between the polyethylene glycol and the polyethylene terephthalate.
References Cited in the file of this patent or the original patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,129,132 Hunter Sept. 6, 1938 2,229,343 Saunders Jan. 21, 1941 2,262,270 Cummings Nov. 11, 1941 2,367,670 Christ Jan. 23, 1945 2,453,770 Wendt Nov. 16, 194 8 2,459,279 Holden Jan. 18, 1949
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USRE25164E true USRE25164E (en) | 1962-05-01 |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4272559A (en) | 1977-11-01 | 1981-06-09 | Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology | Method for surface treatment of shaped articles of polyvinyl chloride resins |
US4976897A (en) * | 1987-12-16 | 1990-12-11 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Composite porous membranes and methods of making the same |
US5102552A (en) * | 1987-12-16 | 1992-04-07 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Membranes from UV-curable resins |
US5106651A (en) * | 1991-02-21 | 1992-04-21 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method for improving resistance to water spotting and acid etching of coatings by exposure to UV radiation |
US5354367A (en) * | 1992-09-17 | 1994-10-11 | Deluxe Corporation | Radiation curable ink composition and method of making and using such composition |
WO1999029956A2 (en) * | 1997-12-09 | 1999-06-17 | J. & P. Coats, Limited | Processes for coating sewing thread |
-
0
- US US25164D patent/USRE25164E/en not_active Expired
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4272559A (en) | 1977-11-01 | 1981-06-09 | Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology | Method for surface treatment of shaped articles of polyvinyl chloride resins |
US4976897A (en) * | 1987-12-16 | 1990-12-11 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Composite porous membranes and methods of making the same |
US5102552A (en) * | 1987-12-16 | 1992-04-07 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Membranes from UV-curable resins |
US5106651A (en) * | 1991-02-21 | 1992-04-21 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method for improving resistance to water spotting and acid etching of coatings by exposure to UV radiation |
US5354367A (en) * | 1992-09-17 | 1994-10-11 | Deluxe Corporation | Radiation curable ink composition and method of making and using such composition |
WO1999029956A2 (en) * | 1997-12-09 | 1999-06-17 | J. & P. Coats, Limited | Processes for coating sewing thread |
WO1999029956A3 (en) * | 1997-12-09 | 1999-08-26 | Coats Ltd J & P | Processes for coating sewing thread |
US6436484B1 (en) | 1997-12-09 | 2002-08-20 | Coats American, Inc. | Processes for coating sewing thread |
US20020168481A1 (en) * | 1997-12-09 | 2002-11-14 | Coats North America | Coated sewing thread |
US6828023B2 (en) | 1997-12-09 | 2004-12-07 | Coats American, Inc. | Coated sewing thread |
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