USRE11836E - And john dixon gibbs - Google Patents

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USRE11836E
USRE11836E US RE11836 E USRE11836 E US RE11836E
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United States
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current
primary
conductor
electric
gibbs
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English (en)
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And John Dixon Gibbs
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System Of Electrical Distribution
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  • a transverse vertical section of one form of Be it known that LUCIEN GAULARD, deconverter, and Fig. 3 is a diagram showing ceased,late a citizen of the Republic of France, one plan of arranging the apparatus when'the and J OHN DIXON GIBBs,a subject of the Queen transference of ene rgy is to be etfected at more 50 5 of Great Britain, and a resident of London, in than one point. 4
  • D represents a dynamooriginal, first, and joint inventors of certain electric generator of suitable construction,ornew and useful Improvements in Methods of ganized for the production in the main line and Apparatusfor the Distribution and Conof alternating'currentsthat is to say, suc- 5 5 version of Electric Energy, of which the folcessive electric currents or pulsations alterlowing is a specification.
  • suc- 5 5 version of Electric Energy of which the folcessive electric currents or pulsations alterlowing is a specification.
  • the said invention relates to the distribuof equal potential and duration.
  • the invention comprises certain rived from an independent dynamo-machine, combinations of apparatus having an organitechnically termed the exciter. Such inzation and mode of operation particularly dependent exciter is shown-in the drawings 0 adapted to effect such transference of electric at E. It may be an ordinary direct-current energy.
  • the current of the exciter E is conapparatusitbecomes possible to conveyauseducted from its terminals 11 n by means of ful quantity of electric energy to a much wires 1 and 2 to and through the field-mag- 8o 5 greater distance than has heretofore been net helices of the main dynamo orgcneratorD.
  • R is a rheostat composed of a series of grad- 5
  • Figure 1 is a theoretical plan showing the uated resistance-coilsr r r, be.
  • Fig. 2- is contact-arm or other equivalent device S is provided, bymeans of which the current for maintaining the fieldproduced by the exciter E may convenientlybe regulated. The same result may be reached in other well-known ways.
  • the power for operating the main dynamo D, as well as the exciter E, is furnished by a suitable steam-engine or other convenient motor M.
  • the electric current is to be utilized for any suitable purpose-as, for, instance, in one or more incandescent electric lamps-is placed one or more secondary generators or converters, as shown at O in Fig. 1.
  • the general principle of the said secondary generator is analogous to that .of. the well-known inductorium or induction coil with this exception, that while the inductioncoil has -heretofore usually been employed to transfer electric energy from currents of low' tential and great quantity into currents of high potential and small quantity the function of the secondary generator or converter as applied in the said invention is precisely the reverse of this-namely, to transfer electric energy from currents of high potential to currents of low potential and increased quantity.
  • Converters have been constructed for eflecting this result ina variety of terms, all of which involve the same principle. In order that this principle may be better understood, we will describe the construction and mode of operation of a simple form of the converter, which is shown at C in Fig. 1.
  • Two iron coresb b are preferably built up from 'a large number of small soft-iron wires, insulated from each other and mechanically secured together in a solid bundle.
  • the cores are shown in the form of a rectangle; but the core or cores may be straight cylinders or closed figures of oval, annular, horseshoe, or other shape, this being merely a matter of convenience in construction or economy in operation, but involving no change of principle.
  • the primary electric conductors 4 and 5 are disposed helically in the manner shown in the drawings, which, however, are intended to represent the arrangement ofthese conductors in a symbolical or typical manner only, the actual construction being preferably similar to that shown in Fig. 2, hereinafter to be described.
  • one conductor 4 is coiled upon the left-hand portion of the core, and the other similar conductor 5 upon the right-hand portion, and the two conductors 4 and 5 are then connected at their adjacent ends that a current may traverse them in series, and thus develop magnetism in the iron cores b b, so as to establish a magnetic field surrounding or enveloping said cores and adjacent thereto.
  • the secondary conductors I and II are disposed in precisely the same manneraround the cores b and b and within the same mag- 1 be utilized for netic field. In the particular arrangement shown in Figs.
  • each convolution of the secondary conductor is interposed between two adjacent convolutions of the primary conductor, so that the number of convolutions,as well as their mean distance from the axis of the core, is the same.
  • ence indicates that the more nearly the lastmentioned relation is preserved the higher will be the eflicieney of the apparatus.
  • the relative disposition of the primary and secondary helices may otherwise be greatly varied without materialchan go in the result. For example, one maybe superposedupon the other, as in Fig. 2, or the two may be placed upon different parts of the same core or cores, according to circumstances.
  • alternating current When the dynamo-electric generator D is set in operation, a rapid succession of alternating positive and negative currents or pulsations of equal potential and duration, technically termed an "alternating current, are set up in the main or primary conductor,the path of which may be traced in Fig. 1, as follows: from one terminal of the generator D by the line conductor 3 to the primary conductors 4 and 5 offthe secondary generator 0, thence returning by the line conductor 6 to the opposite terminal of the generator.
  • the alternate'current proceeding from the primary generator D" by its inductive action in the secondary generator 0 creates a magnetic field of alternate olarity, and this alternation of the magnetism of the field,in accordance with a weltlrnown law, generates by in-- ductive reaction an alternate current in the closed circuit of a secondary conductor. situated within it.
  • This secondary current may .ectric lighting or other purposes in the same manner that primary currents ordinarily are by including proper translating devices in said secondary circuit.
  • the most important and characteristic feature of said invention is that which renders it possible to make use of alternating and equal positive and negative currents of moderate quantity, but of very high potential, in the primary or main-line circuit and to convert these into secondary or induced currents of much greater quantity, but of correspondingly-lower potential, at the place of consumption, which secondary currents are employed to do the required work.
  • This is a result the attainment of which is of the utmost importance in the art of electrical distribution, as it renders practicable the employment of incircuit.
  • the total resistance of the secondary conductor when thus connected is obviously only one-fourth as great as that of the primary, the secondary being double the cross-section and virtually only one-half the length of the primary.
  • an electric current of alternating polarity is caused to pass through the primary conductor of the converter-C, Fig. 1, it creates hyelectromagnetic induction a magnetic field, the intensity of which within the ordinary limits of work ing is proportional to the current (expressed in amperes) passing through the conductor.
  • Each alternation so produced in the magnetism of the field tends to set up a definite electromotive force in each separate convolution I of any conductor traversing the field.
  • this electromotive force opposes itself temporarily to the primary or magnetizing current; but as it is of inferior and rapidly-decreasin g potential it acts merely to delay and not to prevent the magnetization of the field.
  • An approximately-equal electromotive force is at the same time set up in each convolution of the secondary conductor; but as the latter (in the present example) makes only half the number of convolutions within the field, the total electromotive force of the secondary current will be only half that of the primary current.
  • the inductive action may besaid to be determined not by the number of convolutions, but by the extent uniformly distributed.
  • the resistance offered by that portion of the linear conductor in the magnetic field which is traversed by the primary current shall exceed the resistance of the conductor in the same field traversed by the secondary current in an inverse ratio to the increase in current strength or reduction of potential which it is desired to efiect.
  • any required number of converters of the general construction described mayhave their primary circuits united with or included in the conductors leading from the primary generator.
  • the manner of connecting such converters whether in series, multiple arc, multiple series, or otherwise, will be understood by those skilled in the art to whicn said'invention relates without the necessity of fur-
  • Fig. 3 in which a second converter 0 is placed in circuit provided with a secondary conductor and an independent group of lamps.
  • the primary current traverses the circuits 3 4 5 6 7 8 9, passing through the primary wires of both converters, and the separate groups of lamps are shown at 'L- and L.
  • the attendant at the generator by means of an electrodynamometer or other suitable current-indicator G, Fig. 3, can readily detect any change in the strength of the current due to variations in the consumption, and by moving the arm S can correspondingly raise or lower the electromotive force of the generator D, so as to bring the current back to its normal strength.
  • the converter C may be constructed in various ways. Excellent results are attained by constructing it in the manner more particularly shown and described in prior United States Patents No. 297 ,924, of April 29, 1884, and No. 316,354, of April 21, 1885.
  • Fig. 2 Another form which gives excellent results in practice is shown in Fig. 2, in which I) is a core formed of a bundle of iron wires, around which the primary wire 4 5 is coiled in a helix of the ordinary form.
  • the helix of the secondary wire III IV is superposed upon that of the primary in the manner shown.
  • the sectional area of the secondary wire is here shown as four times that of the primary, while the number of convolutions is only one-fourth as great.
  • Lucius Gsunannand 101m DIXON Grass- 1 It is claimed as the invention of the said Lucius Gsunannand 101m DIXON Grass- 1.
  • the hereinbefore-described art or method of electrical distribution and conversion which consists in establishing in a closed electric circuit a current of alternate and equal positive and negative potential, producing, by the influence of such current, an inductive field of alternate polarity, and thereby inducing, in translating devices situated in an independent closed circuit traversing such field, a similar alternating secondary current of greater quantity and less potential than the originating or producing current.
  • an inductorium or converter in which the length of that portion of the conductor traversed by the primary current within the magnetic field create by itself exceeds the length within the sianie'ileld of the conductor traversed by the secondary current, in combination with a dynamo-electric generator producing alter-w nating electric currents or pulsations of equal potential and duration, and translating devices actuated by said secondary current.
  • an inductorium or converter in which the .resistance of that portion of the, conductor traversed by the primary current within the 'magnetic field created by itself exceeds the resistance of that portion oi the conductor traversed by the secondary current which lies within said field, in combination with a dyname-electric generator producing alternating currents or pulsations of equal potential and duration, andtranslating devices-actuated by said secondary current.

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