USPP8103P - Plum tree named `Compact Friar` - Google Patents
Plum tree named `Compact Friar` Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USPP8103P USPP8103P US07/667,280 US66728091V US8103P US PP8103 P USPP8103 P US PP8103P US 66728091 V US66728091 V US 66728091V US 8103 P US8103 P US 8103P
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- friar
- plum
- tree
- compact
- size
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 241000319138 Amauris niavius Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000005049 Prunus salicina Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000004345 fruit ripening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-OUBTZVSYSA-N Cobalt-60 Chemical compound [60Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000001140 Mimosa pudica Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012904 Prunus salicina Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003681 Prunus ussuriensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000277583 Terminalia catappa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000011681 asexual reproduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013465 asexual reproduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GTRGJJDVSJFNTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl2009633 Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2C=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=CC2=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 GTRGJJDVSJFNTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009018 li Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000350 mutagenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000021018 plums Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033458 reproduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H6/74—Rosaceae, e.g. strawberry, apple, almonds, pear, rose, blackberries or raspberries
- A01H6/7427—Prunus, e.g. almonds
- A01H6/7472—Plums
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H5/08—Fruits
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/2931—Diverse fluid containing pressure systems
- Y10T137/3003—Fluid separating traps or vents
- Y10T137/3021—Discriminating outlet for liquid
- Y10T137/304—With fluid responsive valve
- Y10T137/3052—Level responsive
- Y10T137/3056—Weight or pressure
- Y10T137/3059—Gravitating vessel
- Y10T137/3062—Sinking or bucket type float
Definitions
- This new cultivar of plum tree is a productive regular bearer of yellowish amber fleshed, purplish black skinned, oblate fruit ripening in late July. It is similar to Friar, except that this tree is genetically dwarf in size. By its dwarf tree size and ripening of fruit in late July, it is distinguishable from Majestic M plum (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 6,975), also a mutation of Friar, which has a regular size tree and fruit ripening in late October.
- Tree Dwarf size (5 feet in 4th summer), dense, medium vigor, regular bearer, precocious, highly productive (around 50 fruits in 4th summer) form upright spreading to round with wide angle crotches on branches. Friar, in comparison, is twice as tall, less dense, more upright, with narrower angled crotches. Third generation trees of the new variety budded on myrobolan root appeared less dwarfy in the first year than those budded on Nemaguard.
- Trunk 11/2 inches in diameter, normal texture of plum bark, average number of white lenticels.
- Skin Thin to medium, glabrous; vivid dark purple (225) when less ripe to purplish black (235) when more ripe; no cracking; covered by bluish gray (191) bloom; peels easily but some flesh adheres to skin.
- Flesh Brilliant orange yellow (67); mild sweet flavor; mild aroma; juicy, smooth, melting; ripens evenly; eating quality very good.
- Stone Length 1.8 cm., width 1.2 cm., thickness 0.9 cm., substantially freestone, light yellowish brown color (76) when dry, obovate form, base obtuse, apex accuminate, surface rough and wrinkly, one edge grooved with the other ridged, few splits.
- Friar stones were of the same size, but less uniform in shape, approximately 75% being round and only 25% oval to obovate. Fertility of stones has not been tested.
- the plum tree and its fruit herein described may vary in slight detail due to difference in climate, soil, pruning, fertilization or other practices or growing conditions.
- the present description is of the variety as grown in an experimental plot is San Joaquin County, Calif.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
A plum tree named Compact Friar similar to Friar plum, of which it is a mutation, but distinguished by dwarf size of the tree.
Description
This petition is for a new cultivar of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina). As research partner of a tree breeding enterprise, I directed an experimental program to breed new cultivars of stone fruits by treating budwood with cobalt 60 Picowave radiation in dosages ranging from 1,500 rads to 18,000 rads to induce mutations and then budding the treated buds onto Nemaguard peach (unpatented) rootstock in an experimental plot in San Joaquin county. One of the trees resulting from such budding, being a mutation of Friar plum (unpatented) was observed by me upon maturity to have novel characteristics. It was around half the size of regular Friar, offering a potential for high density plantings and reduced costs for cultivation and harvesting. At my direction, buds from it were then further budded on other Nemaguard rootstock in the same experimental plot. These later asexual reproductions have been true to the tree from which the buds were taken. I have personally also reproduced this new cultivar by budding onto peaches and plums in my facilities in Alameda County, Calif.
This new cultivar of plum tree is a productive regular bearer of yellowish amber fleshed, purplish black skinned, oblate fruit ripening in late July. It is similar to Friar, except that this tree is genetically dwarf in size. By its dwarf tree size and ripening of fruit in late July, it is distinguishable from Majestic M plum (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 6,975), also a mutation of Friar, which has a regular size tree and fruit ripening in late October.
The accompanying photographs show two trees of this new cultivar in their fourth summer, a twig with detached leaves, and fruits both whole and divided in half, with the stone in one half.
Following is a botanical description of this new variety with fruit in firm condition based on Jul. 17, 1990 observation of two specimen trees in San Joaquin County, Calif. Color names and plate numbers are by reference to Inter-Society Color Council--National Bureau of Standards Centroid Color Charts, except where common color names are used.
Tree: Dwarf size (5 feet in 4th summer), dense, medium vigor, regular bearer, precocious, highly productive (around 50 fruits in 4th summer) form upright spreading to round with wide angle crotches on branches. Friar, in comparison, is twice as tall, less dense, more upright, with narrower angled crotches. Third generation trees of the new variety budded on myrobolan root appeared less dwarfy in the first year than those budded on Nemaguard.
Trunk: 11/2 inches in diameter, normal texture of plum bark, average number of white lenticels.
Branches: 5/8 to 3/4 inches in diameter, brown color, normal plum bark texture, shorter than normal internodes. A 1992 sample of internodes in Alameda County averaged 2.2 cm compared to 2.75 cm for Friar.
Leaves:
Size.--8 cm. long, 3 cm. wide. 1992 sample of trees in Alameda County averaged 9.5 cm long, 3.5 cm wide, very similar to Friar.
Shape.--Oblanceolate slightly cupped, base obtuse (some inequilateral), apex acuminate.
Color.--Top side moderate olive green (125), bottom side grayish yellow green (122).
Margin.--Serrate.
Venation.--Arcuate, some midribs with pinkish hue at basal end.
Glands.--Generally none; occasionally one on each side of petiole near leaf base, globose in form. 1992 sample of trees in Alameda County showed average of 2 glands per leaf, with a range of 0 to 3, same as Friar.
Petiole.--Average length 1.7 cm., mostly dark greenish yellow (103) but some pinkish.
Stipules.--Absent.
Flowers (as observed February 1991 in Alameda County, Calif.):
Buds.--Medium size, conical shape, non-pubescent.
Flowers.--Generally similar to Friar, midseason blooming, one to six flowers per node, each flower containing five white, medium-size petals, light yellow stamens, and yellow pistil.
Pollination.--Self-incompatible like Friar; a suitable pollinator is required.
Fruit: Large size averaging 4.1×4.6×4.3 cm (axial, cheek to cheek, and suture diameters); form moderately oblate; cavity 1.5×0.6 cm.; base round; apex round to truncate, some slightly depressed; suture indented by unmarked; stem averaging 0.7 cm. long, medium thickness. 1991 observations in Alameda County showed this to be similar to Friar in size, shape, uniformity and time of ripening (3rd week of July).
Skin: Thin to medium, glabrous; vivid dark purple (225) when less ripe to purplish black (235) when more ripe; no cracking; covered by bluish gray (191) bloom; peels easily but some flesh adheres to skin.
Flesh: Brilliant orange yellow (67); mild sweet flavor; mild aroma; juicy, smooth, melting; ripens evenly; eating quality very good.
Stone: Length 1.8 cm., width 1.2 cm., thickness 0.9 cm., substantially freestone, light yellowish brown color (76) when dry, obovate form, base obtuse, apex accuminate, surface rough and wrinkly, one edge grooved with the other ridged, few splits. In comparison, a 1990 sample of Friar stones were of the same size, but less uniform in shape, approximately 75% being round and only 25% oval to obovate. Fertility of stones has not been tested.
Use: Home orchards or special application in commercial orchards.
Keeping quality: Good.
Shipping quality: Unknown.
The plum tree and its fruit herein described may vary in slight detail due to difference in climate, soil, pruning, fertilization or other practices or growing conditions. The present description is of the variety as grown in an experimental plot is San Joaquin County, Calif.
Claims (1)
1. A new and distinct variety of plum tree, substantially as illustrated and described, identified by the characteristics enumerated above, and characterized particularly as to novelty in comparison to other plum trees by the genetically dwarf size of tree, but otherwise similar to the Friar plum tree from which it mutated.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/667,280 USPP8103P (en) | 1991-03-11 | 1991-03-11 | Plum tree named `Compact Friar` |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/667,280 USPP8103P (en) | 1991-03-11 | 1991-03-11 | Plum tree named `Compact Friar` |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USPP8103P true USPP8103P (en) | 1993-01-19 |
Family
ID=24677581
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/667,280 Expired - Lifetime USPP8103P (en) | 1991-03-11 | 1991-03-11 | Plum tree named `Compact Friar` |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USPP8103P (en) |
-
1991
- 1991-03-11 US US07/667,280 patent/USPP8103P/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (8)
| Title |
|---|
| Brooks, R. M., et al., "Plum" (`Friar` Listing) Register of New Fruit and Nut Varieties 1972 University of California Press, Berkeley, p. 498. |
| Brooks, R. M., et al., Plum ( Friar Listing) Register of New Fruit and Nut Varieties 1972 University of California Press, Berkeley, p. 498. * |
| Lapkins, K. O., "Six Mutation Breeding" Methods In Fruit Breeding (Moore, J. N. et al., eds) (1983) Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, Ind. pp. 74-99. |
| Lapkins, K. O., Six Mutation Breeding Methods In Fruit Breeding (Moore, J. N. et al., eds) (1983) Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, Ind. pp. 74 99. * |
| Tukey, H. B., "12 Dwarfing Rootstocks for the Plum" Dwarfed Fruit Trees, The Macmillan Co., N.Y. pp. 200-213. |
| Tukey, H. B., 12 Dwarfing Rootstocks for the Plum Dwarfed Fruit Trees, The Macmillan Co., N.Y. pp. 200 213. * |
| Weinberger, J. H. "Plums" Advances in Fruit Breeding (Janick, J., et al., eds.) (1975) Perdue University Press, West Lafayette, Ind. pp. 336-347. |
| Weinberger, J. H. Plums Advances in Fruit Breeding (Janick, J., et al., eds.) (1975) Perdue University Press, West Lafayette, Ind. pp. 336 347. * |
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