USPP4097P - St. Augustine grass - Google Patents
St. Augustine grass Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USPP4097P USPP4097P US05/714,203 US71420376V US4097P US PP4097 P USPP4097 P US PP4097P US 71420376 V US71420376 V US 71420376V US 4097 P US4097 P US 4097P
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sup
- texas
- augustine
- florida
- variety
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 241000044578 Stenotaphrum secundatum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 101100505672 Podospora anserina grisea gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000002595 cold damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- QLRRUWXMMVXORS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Augustine Natural products C12=CC=3OCOC=3C=C2CN2C3CC(OC)C4OC4C31CC2 QLRRUWXMMVXORS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010061217 Infestation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- This invention relates to a new and distinct perennial St. Augustine grass selected from the progeny of an open pollinated purple stigma diploid parent Ea611081.
- This purple stigma genotype was labeled 615866 and propagated vegetatively by stolons to provide planting stock for studying performance and making comparisons to present commercial varieties.
- Genotype 615866 has a wide leaf blade, a short leaf length, and an outstanding dark green color. These characteristics along with the rapid spread, its medium level of flowering shoot production, its good gray leafspot (Piricularia grisea) resistance, and its cold tolerance can be used to distinguish 615866 from other St. Augustine grasses.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph of 615866 St. Augustine turf showing generally the characteristics of this new grass
- FIG. 2 shows the leaves and stem of a 615866 St. Augustine grass plant
- FIG. 3 shows a spike of a 615866 St. Augustine grass plant
- FIG. 4 shows florets of a 615866 St. Augustine grass plant.
- Genotype 615866 possesses a Munsell color designation 7.5 GY 4/4 1/ and is characterized by compressed and branched culms. The leaf blades are relatively short, averaging 44.8 mm. long, but are very coarse, averaging 7.66 mm. wide. These characteristics can be used to distinguish 615866 from both the dwarf and non-dwarf St. Augustine grasses. The average internode length is 35.0 mm., thus allowing this semi-dwarf to have a vigorous lateral spread. Genotype 615866 has a purple stigma color and an unreduced chromosome number of 18.
- the characteristic growth habit can be used to distinguish 615866 from the dwarf St. Augustine grasses 73176 and 45176, and the more upright growing types Bitter Blue and Texas Common.
- fresh weight clipping yields can be used to distinguish 615866 from the two dwarf selections and Ea611081. This information is illustrated in Tables 4 and 5. In Table 6 it can be seen that the leaf texture of 615866 is similar to that of the coarser types Bitter Blue and Texas Common thus differentiation in these cases must be based on the lower growth habit of 615866.
- Genotype 615866 has an outstanding dark green color and a medium level of flowering shoot production. Field observations have shown that 615866 has the fastest rate of cover of any St. Augustine grass tested including Ea611081. The observations of color and rate of cover used in combination can allow distinction of 615866 from Ea611081. This information is illustrated in Tables 7, 8 and 9.
- Genotype 615866 has a lower percent gray leafspot (Piricularia grisea) infestation throughout the whole year than any selection other than the very leafspot resistant dwarf 73176. This observation can be used to distinguish 615866 from other less resistant selections such as Bitter Blue and Texas Common. This information is given in Table 10.
- the cold tolerance of 615866 and other St. Augustine grasses is shown in Table 11.
- the cold tolerance of this genotype allows differentiation from other less tolerant St. Augustine grasses under sub-zero (centigrade) stress.
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Abstract
A perennial St. Augustine grass having outstanding dark green color, rapid lateral spread, a semi-dwarf growth habit, and a medium level of flowering shoot production. This variety has good gray leafspot resistance throughout the year and is cold tolerant.
Description
This invention relates to a new and distinct perennial St. Augustine grass selected from the progeny of an open pollinated purple stigma diploid parent Ea611081. This purple stigma genotype was labeled 615866 and propagated vegetatively by stolons to provide planting stock for studying performance and making comparisons to present commercial varieties.
Genotype 615866 has a wide leaf blade, a short leaf length, and an outstanding dark green color. These characteristics along with the rapid spread, its medium level of flowering shoot production, its good gray leafspot (Piricularia grisea) resistance, and its cold tolerance can be used to distinguish 615866 from other St. Augustine grasses.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of 615866 St. Augustine turf showing generally the characteristics of this new grass;
FIG. 2 shows the leaves and stem of a 615866 St. Augustine grass plant;
FIG. 3 shows a spike of a 615866 St. Augustine grass plant; and
FIG. 4 shows florets of a 615866 St. Augustine grass plant.
Genotype 615866 possesses a Munsell color designation 7.5 GY 4/4 1/ and is characterized by compressed and branched culms. The leaf blades are relatively short, averaging 44.8 mm. long, but are very coarse, averaging 7.66 mm. wide. These characteristics can be used to distinguish 615866 from both the dwarf and non-dwarf St. Augustine grasses. The average internode length is 35.0 mm., thus allowing this semi-dwarf to have a vigorous lateral spread. Genotype 615866 has a purple stigma color and an unreduced chromosome number of 18.
Total soluble salts measured in micromhos/cm. specific conductance using a Beckmann Solu-Bridge will allow differentiation between 615866 and other St. Augustine grasses. The average reading for 615866 was 146.1 micromhos/cm. The chromosome numbers, stigma colors, morphological measurements of 615866 and other St. Augustine grasses are compared in Tables 1, 2 and 3.
Table 1
______________________________________
Chromosome Numbers and Stigma Colors
of 615866 and other St. Augustine grasses
______________________________________
Chromosome Number
Stigma
Selection/Variety
(Unreduced).sup.2
Color
______________________________________
615866 18 Purple
45176 18 "
73176 18 "
Ea611081 18 "
Floratine 27 "
Bitter Blue 27 "
Texas Common 18 White
______________________________________
.sup.1 The Munsell designated color is of plant material grown in the
greenhouse. The color is subject to variation depending upon the
environmental conditions under which the grass is grown.
.sup.2 Chromosome Number determinations made on pollen mother cells.
Table 2
______________________________________
Comparative Leaf Blade Length, Width and Internode Length
for 615866 and Other St. Augustine grasses
______________________________________
Leaf Blade Leaf Blade Internode
Selection/ Length Width Length
Variety (mm.).sup.1 (mm.).sup.2
(mm.).sup.3
______________________________________
615866 44.8 ± 11.6
7.66 ± 0.72
35.0 ± 7.7
45176 44.2 ± 11.8
6.04 ± 0.89
22.8 ± 3.8
73176 33.4 ± 7.3
5.86 ± 1.09
10.8 ± 2.2
Ea611081 78.4 ± 33.3
7.12 ± 1.38
36.0 ± 7.4
Floratine 82.8 ± 25.9
7.81 ± 2.46
36.3 ± 7.3
Bitter Blue
105.2 ± 31.8
8.55 ± 1.25
38.3 ± 8.7
Texas Common
45.0 ± 16.8
6.48 ± 0.85
34.0 ± 4.2
LSD 5% 12.1 .71 4.0
______________________________________
.sup.1 All plant material grown unclipped in greenhouse.
.sup.2 Measurements recorded 15 millimeters above leaf collar.
.sup.3 Measurements recorded between third and fourth internodes.
Table 3
______________________________________
Specific Conductance Measurements of 615866
and Other St. Augustine grasses
______________________________________
Specific Conductance
Selection/Variety (micromhos/cm.).sup.1
______________________________________
615866 146.1
45176 104.1
73176 107.3
Ea611081 132.3
Bitter Blue 190.2
Texas Common 122.8
______________________________________
.sup.1 Measurements were made on a six centimeter stem section.
The characteristic growth habit can be used to distinguish 615866 from the dwarf St. Augustine grasses 73176 and 45176, and the more upright growing types Bitter Blue and Texas Common. In addition, fresh weight clipping yields can be used to distinguish 615866 from the two dwarf selections and Ea611081. This information is illustrated in Tables 4 and 5. In Table 6 it can be seen that the leaf texture of 615866 is similar to that of the coarser types Bitter Blue and Texas Common thus differentiation in these cases must be based on the lower growth habit of 615866.
Table 4
______________________________________
Comparative Growth Habit Averages for 615866 and Other
St. Augustine grasses at Apopka, Florida, and Katy, Texas
______________________________________
Growth Habit.sup.1
Selection/ Florida Texas Florida
Variety 1971 1971 1972
______________________________________
615886 3.4 4.1 3.0
45176 2.6 2.5 2.1
73176 2.4 2.5 1.6
Ea611081 3.4 4.0 3.2
Bitter Blue 4.4 4.5 3.7
Texas Common
-- -- --
-- -- .2
______________________________________
.sup.1 Rating 1 - low growing, 5- upright growing
Table 5
______________________________________
Fresh weights of Clippings Removed From Plots of 615866
and Other St. Augustine grasses
______________________________________
Fresh Weights
Selection/ (gms/.48m × 1.52 m plot)
Variety July August September
______________________________________
615866 24.7 ± 9.1
40.0 ± 15.1
38.3 ± 8.7
45176 6.3 ± 2.1
19.7 ± 10.0
13.7 ± 6.4
73176 3.0 ± 1.7
6.0 ± 3.6
7.7 ± 2.9
Ea611081 36.7 ± 12.9
74.0 ± 12.5
45.0 ± 8.2
Bitter Blue
22.3 ± 9.9
43.7 ± 15.3
29.7 ± 4.9
LSD 5% 16.6 21.8 11.0
______________________________________
Table 6
______________________________________
Comparative Texture Averages for 615866 and Other St.
Augustine grasses at Apopka, Florida, and Katy, Texas
______________________________________
Texture.sup.1
Selection/ Florida Texas Florida
Variety 1971 1971 1972
______________________________________
615866 1.9 1.7 2.3
45176 2.7 2.1 3.0
73176 2.9 2.5 3.1
Ea611081 1.7 2.0 2.3
Bitter Blue 1.4 1.5 2.0
Texas Common
-- 1.1 --
LSD 5% -- -- .2
______________________________________
Genotype 615866 has an outstanding dark green color and a medium level of flowering shoot production. Field observations have shown that 615866 has the fastest rate of cover of any St. Augustine grass tested including Ea611081. The observations of color and rate of cover used in combination can allow distinction of 615866 from Ea611081. This information is illustrated in Tables 7, 8 and 9.
Table 7
______________________________________
Comparative Color Averages for 615866 and Other St.
Augustine grasses at Apopka, Florida, and Katy, Texas
______________________________________
Color.sup.1
Selection/ Florida Texas Florida
Variety 1971 1971 1972
______________________________________
615866 9.4 8.9 8.0
45176 8.7 9.3 7.9
73176 8.9 9.3 8.1
Ea611081 8.7 8.7 7.8
Bitter Blue 9.1 8.7 7.8
Texas Common
-- 8.8 --
LSD 5% -- -- .2
______________________________________
.sup.1 Rating 1 - lightest green, 10 - darkest green
Table 8
______________________________________
Comparative Ratings of Average Flowering Shoot Production
of 615866 and Other St. Augustine grasses at Apopka,
Florida, and Katy, Texas
______________________________________
Average Flowering Shoot Production.sup.1
Selection Texas Florida
Variety 9/17/71 6/15/72
______________________________________
615966 1 2.3
45176 3 2.3
73176 0 .7
Ea611081 0 2.0
Bitter Blue 0 1.3 -Texas Common 3 --
LSD 10% -- 1.0
______________________________________
.sup.1 Rating 0 - no flowering shoot production, 5 - heavy flowering shoo
production.
Table 9
______________________________________
Relative Comparison of Percent Turf Cover of 615866 and
Other St. Augustine grasses at Apcpka, Florida
______________________________________
Selection/
Average Percent Area Covered.sup.1
Variety 2/15/72 4/3/72 5/1/72
______________________________________
615866 53 60 97 100
45176 37 47 60 93
73176 40 47 67 93
Ea611081 57 60 87 97
Bitter Blue
47 53 70 97
LSD 5% 8 10 15 N.S.
______________________________________
.sup.1 Initial planting made 12/1/71
Genotype 615866 has a lower percent gray leafspot (Piricularia grisea) infestation throughout the whole year than any selection other than the very leafspot resistant dwarf 73176. This observation can be used to distinguish 615866 from other less resistant selections such as Bitter Blue and Texas Common. This information is given in Table 10.
Table 10
__________________________________________________________________________
Comparative Gray Leafspot (Piricularia Grisea) Resistance of
7615866 and Other St. Augustine grasses at Apopka, Florida and
Katy, Texas.
__________________________________________________________________________
Percent Gray Leafspot
Selection/
Florida
Texas
Variety 6/28/71
4/31/71
6/29/71
7/31/71
9/2/71
9/17/71
__________________________________________________________________________
615866 20 10 10 10 10 0
45176 20 20 30 10 20 30
73176 20 10 20 10 5 0
Ea611081
20 10 30 20 10 30
Bitter Blue
40 90 10 10 10 20
Texas Common
-- 10 60 20 30 20
__________________________________________________________________________
The cold tolerance of 615866 and other St. Augustine grasses is shown in Table 11. The cold tolerance of this genotype allows differentiation from other less tolerant St. Augustine grasses under sub-zero (centigrade) stress.
Table 11
______________________________________
Comparative Cold Damage from Below Zero (centigrade)
Temperature of 615866 and Other St. Augustine grasses in
Apopka, Florida and Katy, Texas
______________________________________
Percent Cold Damage.sup.1
Selection/ Texas Florida 1973
Variety 1972 Test - A.sup.2
Test - B.sup.3
______________________________________
615866 0 5 27.5
45176 95 60 47.5
73176 99 40 35.0
Ea611081 99 15 50.0
Bitter Blue 20 5 52.5
Texas Common
0 -- --
______________________________________
.sup.1 Cold damage as measured by percent stolons killed.
.sup.2 Test - A, Two year old sod.
.sup.3 Test - B, One year old sod.
Claims (1)
1. A St. Augustine grass, substantially as herein illustrated and described.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/714,203 USPP4097P (en) | 1976-08-13 | 1976-08-13 | St. Augustine grass |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/714,203 USPP4097P (en) | 1976-08-13 | 1976-08-13 | St. Augustine grass |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USPP4097P true USPP4097P (en) | 1977-09-06 |
Family
ID=24869128
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/714,203 Expired - Lifetime USPP4097P (en) | 1976-08-13 | 1976-08-13 | St. Augustine grass |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USPP4097P (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USPP9395P (en) * | 1994-04-06 | 1995-12-05 | Sod Solutions, Inc. | St. Augustine grass `SS-100` |
| USPP9671P (en) * | 1995-02-23 | 1996-10-22 | Warren's Turf Group, Inc. | St. Augustinegrass named `W-1` |
| USPP9804P (en) * | 1995-08-08 | 1997-02-11 | Warren's Turf Group, Inc. | `Ala` St. Augustinegrass |
| USPP11537P (en) * | 1998-07-02 | 2000-10-03 | Pursley Distributing, Inc. | St. Augustine grass plant named `Dwarf #601` |
| USPP35807P3 (en) | 2022-08-22 | 2024-05-14 | The Texas A&M University System | Hybrid St. Augustinegrass named ‘DALSA 1618’ |
-
1976
- 1976-08-13 US US05/714,203 patent/USPP4097P/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USPP9395P (en) * | 1994-04-06 | 1995-12-05 | Sod Solutions, Inc. | St. Augustine grass `SS-100` |
| USPP9671P (en) * | 1995-02-23 | 1996-10-22 | Warren's Turf Group, Inc. | St. Augustinegrass named `W-1` |
| USPP9804P (en) * | 1995-08-08 | 1997-02-11 | Warren's Turf Group, Inc. | `Ala` St. Augustinegrass |
| USPP11537P (en) * | 1998-07-02 | 2000-10-03 | Pursley Distributing, Inc. | St. Augustine grass plant named `Dwarf #601` |
| USPP35807P3 (en) | 2022-08-22 | 2024-05-14 | The Texas A&M University System | Hybrid St. Augustinegrass named ‘DALSA 1618’ |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: METROPOLITAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, ONE MADISON A Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PURSLEY, INC., A CORP. OF FL;PURSLEY, WALTER L. SR.;REEL/FRAME:005652/0878 Effective date: 19901004 |
|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MANUFACTURERS HANOVER TRUST COMPANY Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:O.M. SCOTT & SONS COMPANY, THE, A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:006144/0219 Effective date: 19920407 |