USPP32832P3 - Ipomoea batatas plant named ‘Fukumurasaki’ - Google Patents

Abstract

‘Fukumurasaki’ is a new variety of sweet potato plant bred by crossbreeding variety ‘Kyukei255’ and ‘Purple Sweet Lord’. The plant may be used, e.g., for cultivation of root tubers for consumption. The steamed flesh of ‘Fukumurasaki’ has a purple color, high sugar content, medium to viscous flesh quality, and excellent taste.

Description

Plant name and variety denomination:

Latin name of the genus and species of the plant claimed: Ipomoea batatas. The claimed plant is a hybridization of different varieties of Ipomoea batatas.

Common names of the claimed plant's species: sweet potato.

Variety denomination: ‘Fukumurasaki’.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 33033 filed Apr. 16, 2018, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein for all purposes by this reference.

BACKGROUND

Ipomoea batatas, commonly called sweet potato or sweet potato vine, is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the bindweed or morning glory family, Convolvulaceae. It is an herbaceous perennial that is cultivated for its edible root tubers. Ipomoea batatas is native to tropical regions of the Americas.

BRIEF SUMMARY

‘Fukumurasaki’ is a new variety of Ipomoea batatas bred by crossbreeding variety ‘Kyukei255’ as the female parent and ‘Purple Sweet Lord’ as the male parent. The plant may be used, e.g., for cultivation of root tubers for consumption. Neither ‘Kyukei255’ nor ‘Purple Sweet Lord’ are patented.

‘Fukumurasaki’ is a purple-colored lineage containing anthocyanins in its storage root. Although the yield of the good quality potatoes is inferior to that of ‘Kokei No. 14’ and ‘Purple Sweet Lord’, the steamed flesh of ‘Fukumurasaki’ has high sugar content, medium to viscous flesh quality, and excellent taste.

The flesh quality of the ‘Purple Sweet Lord’ is powdery and the sweetness is insufficient compared to the yellow flesh sweet potato. ‘Fukumurasaki’ has a lower yield of good quality potatoes than ‘Kokei No. 14’ and ‘Purple Sweet Lord,’ but has a medium to viscous flesh quality, and taste of the steamed flesh is medium to excellent. Because of the moderate resistance of ‘Fukumurasaki’ to sweet potato nematodes Meloidogyne incognita, cultivation in nematodes-rich areas should be avoided or controlled with pesticide or other measures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a photograph of ‘Fukumurasaki’ (left) leaves 3 months after planting compared to ‘Kokei No. 14’ (right).

FIG. 1B is a photograph of ‘Fukumurasaki’ (left) leaves 3 months after planting compared to ‘Purple Sweet Lord’ (right).

FIG. 2A is a photograph of ‘Fukumurasaki’ (left) root tuber and cross-section 5 months after planting compared to ‘Kokei No. 14’ (right).

FIG. 2B is a photograph of ‘Fukumurasaki’ (left) root tuber and cross-section 5 months after planting compared to ‘Purple Sweet Lord’ (right).

FIG. 3 is a photograph of the cultivation zone of ‘Fukumurasaki’ 3 months after planting.

FIG. 4 is a photograph of the whole plant body of Fukumurasaki’ (left) 3 months after planting compared to ‘Purple Sweet Lord’ (right).

DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANT

Variety: ‘Fukumurasaki’

Species of the plant claimed: Ipomoea batatas. The claimed plant is a hybridization of different varieties. The parental varieties are hybridization of different varieties.

Common names of the claimed plant's species include: sweet potato.

Characteristics of ‘Fukumurasaki’ provided herein were observed when the plant was cultivated in Okinawa and Satsuma, Japan. Descriptive terms used in Table 1 are consistent with the Japanese Examination Standard for Ipomoea batatas, available at website hinshu2.maff.gojp/info/sinsakijun/kijun/1347.pdf, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Properties and characteristics of ‘Fukumurasaki’, compared to the most similar varieties, are described in Table 1. For designated colors, the recognized color dictionary or color chart used is the Fifth Edition (2007) of “The Royal Horticulture Society Color Chart (R.H.S.).”

TABLE 1
Properties and characteristics of ‘Fukumurasaki’

				Class Values of
		Class values	Remarks	most
Char-		of candidate	(Meas-	similar varieties

acter-		variety	urement		‘Purple
istic	Charac-	‘Fuku-	Value	‘Kokei	Sweet
No.	teristics	murasaki’	etc.)	No. 14’	Lord’
1	Plant: growth	semi-upright		spreading	spreading
	habit
2	Stem: length	short	46.8 cm	medium	long
	of primary			(106.2 cm)	(157.4 cm)
	shoots and
	lateral branch
3	Stem: length	short	2.6 cm	medium	long
	of			(5.1 cm)	(8.5 cm)
	internode and
	lateral branch
4	Stem:	large	7.65 mm	medium to	medium
	diameter of			large	to large
	internode and			(6.50 mm)	(6.67 mm)
	lateral branch
5	Stem:	weak		absent or	weak
	anthocyanin			very weak
	coloration of
	internode and
	lateral branch
6	Stem:	weak		absent or	weak
	anthocyanin			very weak
	coloration of
	tip and lateral
	branch
7	Stem:	medium		absent or	strong
	anthocyanin			very weak
	coloration of
	node and
	lateral branch
8	Stem:	dense		sparse	sparse
	pubescence of
	tip
9	Leaf blade:	large	250.1	medium	medium
	size		cm2	(160.9	to large
				cm2)	(218.7
					cm2)
10	Leaf blade:	five lobes		absent	absent
	number of
	lobes
11	Only varieties	—		cordate	triangular
	without
	leaf blade
	lobes: Leaf
	blade: shape
12	Only varieties	moderate		—	—
	with leaf
	blade lobes:
	Leaf blade:
	depth of
	lobing
13	Excluding	green	136A of	Green	Green
	ornamental		RHS	(136B	(136B
	variety: Leaf			of RHS)	of RHS)
	blade: color
	on upper side
	(excluding
	anthocyanin
	coloration)
19	Excluding	absent or		absent or	absent or
	ornamental	very weak		very weak	very weak
	variety: Leaf
	blade:
	anthocyanin
	coloration
	on upper side
20	Leaf blade:	absent or		small	large
	extent of	very small
	anthocyanin
	coloration
	on abaxial
	veins on
	lower side
21	Leaf blade:	very weak		very weak	weak
	intensity of
	anthocyanin
	coloration
	on abaxial
	veins on
	lower side
22	Leaf blade:	absent or very		absent or	strong
	anthocyanin	weak		very weak
	coloration of
	nectary
23	Young leaf	dark green	N189A	light green	dark green
	blade: main		of RHS	(137A of	(N189A
	color on upper			RHS)	of RHS)
	side
24	Young leaf	medium	N137A	light green	medium
	blade: main	green	of RHS	(138A of	green
	color on lower			RHS)	(N137A
	side				of RHS)
25	Petiole:	absent or		absent or	absent or
	anthocyanin	very weak		very weak	very weak
	coloration
26	Petiole: length	medium	24.4 cm	medium	medium to
				(22.4 cm)	long
					(26.7 cm)
27	Corolla:	—		—	—
	diameter
28	Corolla: color	—		—	—
29	Storage root:	ovate		elliptic	oblong
	shape
30	Storage root:	moderately	4.6	moderately	medium
	ratio	elongated		elongated	(2.9)
	length/width			(4.0)
31	Storage root:	medium	3.8	medium	medium
	number		storage	(3.1	(3.9
			roots/	storage	storage
			plant	roots/	roots/
				plant)	plant)
32	Storage root:	medium	142 g	medium	medium
	mean			(146 g)	to large
	weight				(182 g)
33	Storage root:	thick	0.072	medium	medium
	thickness			(0.055)	(0.052)
	of cortex
	relative to
	overall
	diameter
34	Storage root:	purple red	59C of	red (182A	purple red
	main color of		RHS	of RHS)	(71B of
	skin				RHS)
35	Storage root:	absent		absent	absent
	secondary
	color of skin
36	Storage root:	purple	N77B of	light beige	Purple
	main color		RHS	(155D of	(71C
	of flesh			RHS)	of RHS)
37	Storage root:	medium		medium	medium
	intensity of
	main color of
	flesh
38	Storage root:	white	N155B	—	White
	secondary		of RHS		(N155B
	color of flesh				of RHS)
39	Storage root:	shallow		medium	medium
	depth of eyes
40	Storage root:	purple	N186B	light beige	light
	color of		of HRS	(2C of	purple
	steamed flesh			RHS)	(79D of
					RHS)
41	Southern root-	moderately		moder-	strong
	knot	strong		ately
	nematode			weak
	(Pratylenchus
	caffeae)
	resistance
N/A	Original color	Green	138B of	Green	Green
	of lateral		RHS	(138B	(138B
	branch			of RHS)	of RHS)
N/A	Length of		15.9 cm	13.0 cm	15.5 cm
	Leaf
N/A	Width of Leaf		15.7 cm	12.3 cm	14.0 cm
N/A	Original color	Green	138B of	Green	Green
	of petiole		RHS	(138B	(138B
				of RHS)	of RHS)

Cross-breeding was carried out in 2004 in Miyazaki prefucture, Japan. From 2005 onwards, selection and breeding were carried out in Japan. Based on the result of seedling individual selection test in 2005, a lineage was selected which showed excellent in appearance and root tuberization, and gave the lineage number of ‘Kyukei 04008-3’. Thereafter, they were used for the lineage selection preliminary test in 2006, the lineage selection test in 2007, and the productivity check preliminary test in 2008. As a result of examining various characteristics, we selected a lineage with excellent color of flesh and excellent characteristics of the steamed flesh, from ‘Kyukei 04008-3’, and gave the lineage number of ‘Kyukei 288’. And, since 2009, a productivity check test, a lineage adaptability test (Nagasaki, Ehime, etc.), a black rot (Ceratocystis fimbriata) resistance test (Nagasaki), and a damping-off resistance test (Tokushima) have been carried out, with the lineage number of ‘Kyukei 288’. Finally, ‘Fukumurasaki’ was selected by comprehensively examining the results of these tests.

Morphological Characteristic

The plant growth habit in a field is the “semi-upright” type, and length of primary shoots and the length of internode of the stem are shorter and the diameter of internode is slightly larger than the ‘Kokei No. 14’ and the ‘Purple Sweet Lord’.

The coloration of ‘Fukumurasaki’ internode is “weak” and the coloration of node is “weak to medium”, the color on upper side of young leaf is “dark green” (N189A of RHS) and the color on back side of young leaf is “green” (N137A of RHS), the leaf color is “green” (136A of RHS), the leaf size is “large”, the number of lobes in leaf blade is “5”, and the leaf shape according to the old reference is “double-incision”.

The extent of the coloration on abaxial veins on lower side of the leaf is “absent or very small”, the intensity of the coloration of the same is “very weak”, and the coloration of the nectary is “absent or very weak”. The arrangement of the leaves is alternate.

The strength of the storage root's neck and the position of the storage root (same as depth from the field surface to storage root) are “medium”, and the difficulty of digging (harvesting) the storage root (same as root tuber) is “medium”. The shape of storage root is “ovate” in the new standard and “long spindle” in the old standard.

Shape regularity of storage roots is “moderate”; size of storage roots is “medium”; size regularity of storage roots is “medium”, mean length of storage roots is 19.7 cm±3.0 cm and mean width of storage roots is 4.4 cm±0.4 cm; skin color of storage root is “purple red” (59C of RHS); flesh color is “purple” (N77B of RHS); depth of eye in storage root is “shallow”; skin roughness of storage root is “slightly coarse”; grooves and ridges of storage root are “absent”; dehiscence of storage root is “little”; appearance is “medium”.

At earlier harvest timing under cultivation with mulching sheet, the total weight of good quality storage roots of ‘Fukumurasaki’ is about 60% of that of ‘Kokei No. 14’. Under later-planting-timing cultivation without mulching sheet, the total weight of good quality storage roots is about 60% of that of ‘Kokei No. 14’. The mean weight of one good quality storage roots is lower than that of ‘Kokei No. 14’. The number of good quality storage roots per one plant is equivalent to that of ‘Kokei No. 14’. The percentage of dry matter content is about 5 points higher (at the earlier harvest timing), and about 7 points higher (under later-planting-timing cultivation) than those of ‘Kokei No. 14’. Table 2 below contains mean numerical values for characteristics of the good quality storage roots.

TABLE 2
				‘Purple
Cultivation		‘Fuku-	‘Kokei	Sweet
method	Characteristic	murasaki’	No. 14’	Lord’
Standard	Weight of the	201 kg/a	249 kg/a	—
cultivation	good quality
with black	storage roots
mulching	Mean weight of	127 g	192 g	194 g
sheet	one good quality
	storage root
	No. of good	4.2	3.5	4.2
	quality storage
	roots per plant
	Percentage of	37.2%	31.6%	—
	dry matter
	content
Cultivation	Weight of the	104 kg/a	163 kg/a	—
with	good quality
transparent	storage roots
mulching	Mean weight of	85 g	131 g	—
sheet at earlier	one good quality
harvest timing	storage root
	No. of good	3.1	3.3	—
	quality storage
	roots per plant
	Percentage of	36.4%	31.5%	—
	dry matter
	content
Later-planting	Weight of the	107 kg/a	173 kg/a	—
timing	good quality
cultivation	storage roots
without	Mean weight of	106 g	154 g	—
mulching	one good quality
	storage root
	No. of good	2.7	3.0	—
	quality storage
	roots per plant
	Percentage of	34.6%	27.6%	—
	dry matter
	content

Ecological Characteristics

The timing (early or late) of sprouting of ‘Fukumurasaki’ from storage root, the timing regularity of sprouting from different storage roots (almost simultaneous or not), the speed of sprout elongation, and the number of sprouts are “medium”, mean numerical value 8-10 sprouts, and the sprouting trait (same as sprouting habit) is “medium”.

On average, the total weight of the good quality storage roots is 19% lower than that of ‘Kokei No. 14’. The mean weight of one good quality storage roots is lower than that of ‘Kokei No. 14’ and ‘Purple Sweet Lord’. The number of good quality storage roots per one ‘Fukumurasaki’ plant is slightly larger than that of the ‘Kokei No. 14’ and equivalent to that of the ‘Purple Sweet Lord’. The percentage of dry matter content is about 5.6 points higher than that of ‘Kokei No. 14’.

The resistance of ‘Fukumurasaki’ to sweet potato nematodes (M. incognita) is “medium” and the resistance to Minami root-lesion nematodas (P. coffeae) is “moderately strong”. The resistance to black rot (Ceratocystis fimbriata) disease is “medium to strong”. The resistance to damping-off is “slightly weak to slightly strong”, and the resistance to stem rot (Fusarium oxysporum f, sp. batatas) is “strong”. Storability of storage root is “medium”.

Regarding temperature tolerance of ‘Fukumurasaki,’ the preferable temperature for growth is 16 degrees Celsius or higher. More preferably, the temperature for growth is 20-35 degrees Celsius. Temperatures under 9 degrees Celsius can sometimes cause low-temperature damage to the plant.

Quality Characteristics and Processability

In standard cultivation, the steamed flesh color of the ‘Fukumurasaki’ storage root is “purple” (N186B of RHS), fibers in steamed flesh is “medium”, and the quality of flesh is “medium”. The taste of steamed or roasted storage root is “somewhat superior” and Brix is higher than ‘Kokei No. 14’ and ‘Purple Sweet Lord’.

Other Characteristics

Brix of ‘Fukumurasaki’ steamed storage root is higher than ‘Kokei No. 14’ and ‘Purple Sweet Lord’ in both the cultivation with transparent mulching sheet at earlier harvest timing and the later-planting-timing cultivation without mulching. For standard cultivation with black mulching sheet, Brix numerical values are as follows. Brix for steamed storage root is 24.8% for ‘Fukumurasaki,’ 16.6% for ‘Kokei No. 14,’ and 13.4% for ‘Purple Sweet Lord.’ Brix for roasted storage root is 24.7% for ‘Fukumuraksi,’ 17.5% for ‘Kokei No. 14,’ and 14.7% for ‘Purple Sweet Lord.’ For cultivation with transparent mulching sheet at earlier harvest timing, Brix numerical values are as follows. Brix for steamed storage root is 19.6% for ‘Fukumurasaki,’ 16.3% for ‘Kokei No. 14,’ and 13.8% for ‘Purple Sweet Lord.’ For later-planting-timing cultivation without mulching, Brix numerical values are as follows. Brix for steamed storage root is 19.5% for ‘Fukumurasaki,’ 15.3% for ‘Kokei No. 14,’ and 16.2% for ‘Purple Sweet Lord.’

The taste of ‘Fukumurasaki’ steamed storage root is “medium” under the cultivation with transparent mulching sheet at earlier harvest timing, and “slightly higher” under the later-planting-timing cultivation without mulching.

In October, 2016, samples (storage roots) cultivated in the field in the city of Namegata were stored for about 70 days, and then each sample was roasted at 200° C. for 1 hour to prepare roasted samples (roasted sweet potatoes), and sensory evaluation by panelists was carried out. ‘Fukumurasaki’ was more viscous than ‘Purple Sweet Lord’ in terms of roasted flesh quality, superior in texture and sweetness, and ‘Fukumurasaki’ exceeded ‘Purple Sweet Lord’ in overall evaluation.

‘Fukumurasaki’ was grown in open culture. In Japan, planting occurs in the early part of May to the end part of May. In Japan harvesting time is the middle part of October to the end part of October.

It will be understood that the average size of the plant and storage root may vary with location, season, nutrition, irrigation, etc.

Claims (1)

What is claimed is:

1. A new and distinct Ipomoea batatas plant named ‘Fukumurasaki’ as illustrated and described.

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