USH1685H - Drilling fluid - Google Patents
Drilling fluid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USH1685H USH1685H US08/499,156 US49915695A USH1685H US H1685 H USH1685 H US H1685H US 49915695 A US49915695 A US 49915695A US H1685 H USH1685 H US H1685H
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- drilling fluid
- microns
- zno
- particle size
- drilling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052601 baryte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010428 baryte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LQKOJSSIKZIEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mn+2].[Mn+2].[Mn+2].[Mn+2] LQKOJSSIKZIEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid group Chemical class S(O)(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/14—Clay-containing compositions
- C09K8/16—Clay-containing compositions characterised by the inorganic compounds other than clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/32—Non-aqueous well-drilling compositions, e.g. oil-based
Definitions
- the present invention relates to drilling fluids of the type employed in oil and gas wells. More particularly, the invention relates to weighting materials for water and oil based drilling fluids for horizontal wells.
- a drilling fluid with density between 12-19 ppg is often required.
- barite barium sulfate
- Barite is not suitable for horizontal wells because a barite-laden filtercake cannot be dissolved. Undissolved barite particles can invade the production screen in the horizontal well and plug it causing cessation or reduction in flow of hydrocarbon.
- the present invention in response to this need in the art provides a solution as described hereinafter.
- the primary purpose of the present invention is to alleviate problems with weighting materials in drilling muds used in drilling geopressured horizontal wells.
- zinc oxide and zirconium oxide are used as weighting agents in such drilling fluids, preferably in particle sizes of the order of 10 microns or a range of 4 to 200 microns.
- Zinc oxide is a particularly suitable material for weighting because, it has a high density (5.6 g/ml versus 4.5 for barite); It is soluble in acids (e.g. HCl); and its particle size can be designed so that it does not invade the formation. Acid solubility is particularly desirable because dissolved ZnO can be produced through a production screen without plugging it. A high density means less weighting material is needed per unit mud volume to achieve a desired density. Tests were performed with commercially available ZnO particles. Surprisingly, it was found that the particle size (of the order of 10 microns) is such that the ZnO particles do not invade the formation core with the filtrate. Also it is not large enough to settle out of suspension.
- weighting material such as manganese tetraoxide is so fine that it invades the formation with the filtrate.
- Zirconium oxide possesses similar properties as ZnO. It has a density of 5.7 and is soluble in nitric acid and hot concentrated hydrochloric, hydrofluoric and sulfuric acids, making it useful in the invention.
- these materials are acid soluble. Hence filtercake formed from them can be dissolved and produced through the production screen without plugging it. Also they are fine enough to be easily suspended in the oil or water base mud, but not too fine to invade the formation with the filtrate.
- the very high acid solubility of ZnO makes it particularly suitable as weighting material. This problem is unique to horizontal wells because they are often completed as open holes without a casing. A production screen is placed in the open hole to retain sand and yet allow hydrocarbon to be produced.
- Solubility of ZnO in HCl at elevated temperatures was measured. At 150° F., solubility of ZnO in 15% w/v HCl is 60 lb/bbl and 98 lb/bbl in 25% w/v HCl.
- Return permeability experiments with ZnO weighted waterbase mud showed that the ZnO mud did not damage the formation and that the ZnO filtercake can be dissolved by HCl.
- Experiments also showed that an aqueous NaBr mud weighted with ZnO has acceptable rheology for drilling.
- particle size is extremely important to the invention.
- Miller uses very small particle sizes of less than 3 microns. This would not be suitable for use with the present invention.
- the size of the particles of this invention is such that it does not invade the formation core with the filtrate and it is not large enough to settle out of suspension. Accordingly, the present invention is useful with a particle size range of 4 to 200 microns, more preferably 6 to 100, and most preferably 8 to 50.
- the present invention is suitable for use with all types of muds, both water base and oil base, as well as emulsion muds, including invert emulsion muds and synthetic muds.
- the invention is suitable for use with the alcohol-in-oil drilling fluid described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,072,794 to Hale et al, issued Dec. 17, 1991, which disclosure is incorporated hereinto by reference thereto.
- the oil can be vegetable or mineral or can be synthetic such as esters, isomerized olefins or polyalpha olefins.
- water base muds the water can be fresh, brackish or brine.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
Zinc oxide and zirconium oxide are used as weighting materials for water and oil based drilling fluids for horizontal wells.
Description
The present invention relates to drilling fluids of the type employed in oil and gas wells. More particularly, the invention relates to weighting materials for water and oil based drilling fluids for horizontal wells.
In drilling geopressured horizontal wells, a drilling fluid with density between 12-19 ppg is often required. Traditionally, barite (barium sulfate) is used as weighting material for drilling fluid. Barite is not suitable for horizontal wells because a barite-laden filtercake cannot be dissolved. Undissolved barite particles can invade the production screen in the horizontal well and plug it causing cessation or reduction in flow of hydrocarbon.
The present invention in response to this need in the art provides a solution as described hereinafter.
The primary purpose of the present invention is to alleviate problems with weighting materials in drilling muds used in drilling geopressured horizontal wells. To this end, zinc oxide and zirconium oxide are used as weighting agents in such drilling fluids, preferably in particle sizes of the order of 10 microns or a range of 4 to 200 microns.
Zinc oxide is a particularly suitable material for weighting because, it has a high density (5.6 g/ml versus 4.5 for barite); It is soluble in acids (e.g. HCl); and its particle size can be designed so that it does not invade the formation. Acid solubility is particularly desirable because dissolved ZnO can be produced through a production screen without plugging it. A high density means less weighting material is needed per unit mud volume to achieve a desired density. Tests were performed with commercially available ZnO particles. Surprisingly, it was found that the particle size (of the order of 10 microns) is such that the ZnO particles do not invade the formation core with the filtrate. Also it is not large enough to settle out of suspension. Other weighting material such as manganese tetraoxide is so fine that it invades the formation with the filtrate. Zirconium oxide possesses similar properties as ZnO. It has a density of 5.7 and is soluble in nitric acid and hot concentrated hydrochloric, hydrofluoric and sulfuric acids, making it useful in the invention.
As above observed, these materials are acid soluble. Hence filtercake formed from them can be dissolved and produced through the production screen without plugging it. Also they are fine enough to be easily suspended in the oil or water base mud, but not too fine to invade the formation with the filtrate. The very high acid solubility of ZnO makes it particularly suitable as weighting material. This problem is unique to horizontal wells because they are often completed as open holes without a casing. A production screen is placed in the open hole to retain sand and yet allow hydrocarbon to be produced.
Solubility of ZnO in HCl at elevated temperatures was measured. At 150° F., solubility of ZnO in 15% w/v HCl is 60 lb/bbl and 98 lb/bbl in 25% w/v HCl. Return permeability experiments with ZnO weighted waterbase mud showed that the ZnO mud did not damage the formation and that the ZnO filtercake can be dissolved by HCl. Experiments also showed that an aqueous NaBr mud weighted with ZnO has acceptable rheology for drilling.
As above-mentioned, particle size is extremely important to the invention. U.S. Pat. No. 3,622,513 to George Miller, patented Nov. 23, 1961, incorporated hereinto by reference thereto, discloses the use of zinc oxide in an oil base mud as a weighting agent. However, Miller uses very small particle sizes of less than 3 microns. This would not be suitable for use with the present invention. The size of the particles of this invention is such that it does not invade the formation core with the filtrate and it is not large enough to settle out of suspension. Accordingly, the present invention is useful with a particle size range of 4 to 200 microns, more preferably 6 to 100, and most preferably 8 to 50.
The present invention is suitable for use with all types of muds, both water base and oil base, as well as emulsion muds, including invert emulsion muds and synthetic muds. The invention is suitable for use with the alcohol-in-oil drilling fluid described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,072,794 to Hale et al, issued Dec. 17, 1991, which disclosure is incorporated hereinto by reference thereto. The oil can be vegetable or mineral or can be synthetic such as esters, isomerized olefins or polyalpha olefins. For water base muds the water can be fresh, brackish or brine.
Claims (5)
1. A drilling fluid for use in geopressured horizontal wells comprising a liquid carrier medium and a weighting agent of zinc oxide or zirconium oxide having a particle size range of 4 to 200 microns.
2. The drilling fluid of claim 1 wherein the particle size range is 6 to 100 microns.
3. The drilling fluid of claim 1 wherein the particle size range is 8 to 50 microns.
4. The drilling fluid of claim 1 wherein the liquid carrier medium is water base.
5. The drilling fluid of claim 1 wherein the liquid carrier medium is oil base.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/499,156 USH1685H (en) | 1995-07-07 | 1995-07-07 | Drilling fluid |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/499,156 USH1685H (en) | 1995-07-07 | 1995-07-07 | Drilling fluid |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USH1685H true USH1685H (en) | 1997-10-07 |
Family
ID=23984077
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/499,156 Abandoned USH1685H (en) | 1995-07-07 | 1995-07-07 | Drilling fluid |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USH1685H (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20040000434A1 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-01-01 | Todd Bradley L. | System and method for removing particles from a well bore penetrating a possible producing formation |
| US6790812B2 (en) | 2001-11-30 | 2004-09-14 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Acid soluble, high fluid loss pill for lost circulation |
| US7169738B2 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2007-01-30 | M-I L.L.C. | Method of using a sized barite as a weighting agent for drilling fluids |
| US20080041589A1 (en) * | 1996-07-24 | 2008-02-21 | M-I Llc | Method of completing a well with sand screens |
| US20090312203A1 (en) * | 2006-12-07 | 2009-12-17 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Viscosity enhancers for viscoelastic surfactant stimulation fluids |
| US8168569B2 (en) | 2006-09-11 | 2012-05-01 | M-I L.L.C. | Precipitated weighting agents for use in wellbore fluids |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3622513A (en) * | 1968-05-10 | 1971-11-23 | Oil Base | Oil base fluid composition |
| US5072794A (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1991-12-17 | Shell Oil Company | Alcohol-in-oil drilling fluid system |
| US5301754A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-04-12 | Shell Oil Company | Wellbore cementing with ionomer-blast furnace slag system |
| US5307877A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-03 | Shell Oil Company | Wellbore sealing with two-component ionomeric system |
| US5332040A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-07-26 | Shell Oil Company | Process to cement a casing in a wellbore |
| US5343952A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-09-06 | Shell Oil Company | Cement plug for well abandonment |
| US5363918A (en) * | 1993-08-04 | 1994-11-15 | Shell Oil Company | Wellbore sealing with unsaturated monomer system |
-
1995
- 1995-07-07 US US08/499,156 patent/USH1685H/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3622513A (en) * | 1968-05-10 | 1971-11-23 | Oil Base | Oil base fluid composition |
| US5072794A (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1991-12-17 | Shell Oil Company | Alcohol-in-oil drilling fluid system |
| US5301754A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-04-12 | Shell Oil Company | Wellbore cementing with ionomer-blast furnace slag system |
| US5307877A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-03 | Shell Oil Company | Wellbore sealing with two-component ionomeric system |
| US5332040A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-07-26 | Shell Oil Company | Process to cement a casing in a wellbore |
| US5343952A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-09-06 | Shell Oil Company | Cement plug for well abandonment |
| US5363918A (en) * | 1993-08-04 | 1994-11-15 | Shell Oil Company | Wellbore sealing with unsaturated monomer system |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080041589A1 (en) * | 1996-07-24 | 2008-02-21 | M-I Llc | Method of completing a well with sand screens |
| US7918289B2 (en) * | 1996-07-24 | 2011-04-05 | M-I L.L.C. | Method of completing a well with sand screens |
| US6790812B2 (en) | 2001-11-30 | 2004-09-14 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Acid soluble, high fluid loss pill for lost circulation |
| US6968898B2 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2005-11-29 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | System and method for removing particles from a well bore penetrating a possible producing formation |
| US20040000434A1 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-01-01 | Todd Bradley L. | System and method for removing particles from a well bore penetrating a possible producing formation |
| US7169738B2 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2007-01-30 | M-I L.L.C. | Method of using a sized barite as a weighting agent for drilling fluids |
| US7220707B2 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2007-05-22 | M-I L.L.C. | Sized barite as a weighting agent for drilling fluids |
| US7409994B2 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2008-08-12 | M-I L.L.C. | Drilling well with drilling fluid of fluid phase and weighting agent |
| US7176165B2 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2007-02-13 | M-I L.L.C. | Method of drilling using a sized barite as a weighting agent for drilling fluids |
| US8168569B2 (en) | 2006-09-11 | 2012-05-01 | M-I L.L.C. | Precipitated weighting agents for use in wellbore fluids |
| US20090312203A1 (en) * | 2006-12-07 | 2009-12-17 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Viscosity enhancers for viscoelastic surfactant stimulation fluids |
| US7825075B2 (en) * | 2006-12-07 | 2010-11-02 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Viscosity enhancers for viscoelastic surfactant stimulation fluids |
| CN101765696B (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2014-05-07 | M-I有限公司 | Method of completing a well with sand screens |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SHELL OIL COMPANY, TEXAS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LAU, HON CHOUNG;HALE, ARTHUR HERMAN;BERNARDI, LOUIS ANTHONY JR.;REEL/FRAME:008566/0214 Effective date: 19950703 |
|
| STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |