USH1335H - High temperature molten salt thermal cell - Google Patents
High temperature molten salt thermal cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USH1335H USH1335H US08/014,606 US1460693A USH1335H US H1335 H USH1335 H US H1335H US 1460693 A US1460693 A US 1460693A US H1335 H USH1335 H US H1335H
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- high temperature
- molten salt
- thermal cell
- temperature molten
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 lithium halide Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 3
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000374 eutectic mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001537 lithium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001538 sodium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000528 Na alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- ZVLDJSZFKQJMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Si] Chemical compound [Li].[Si] ZVLDJSZFKQJMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PPTSBERGOGHCHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron lithium Chemical compound [Li].[B] PPTSBERGOGHCHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000873 Beta-alumina solid electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910010199 LiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013618 LiCl—KCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001415771 Torpedinidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/581—Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/30—Deferred-action cells
- H01M6/36—Deferred-action cells containing electrolyte and made operational by physical means, e.g. thermal cells
Definitions
- the invention relates in general to high temperature molten salt thermal cells and in particular to such cells where the active cathode material is thermally stable at high temperatures an also provides high specific energy densities and specific power densities.
- High temperature molten salt thermal cells have been required for applications in fuses, projectile rockets, bombs, missiles, decoys, jammers, and torpedos.
- the lithium alloy/metal sulfide cells have shown considerable promise for these applications.
- the general object of this invention is to provide a high temperature molten salt thermal cell where the active cathode material is thermally stable at high temperatures and also provides high specific energy densities and specific power densities.
- the active cathodic materials include at least one of the binary sulfides of chromium metal such as CrS, Cr 3 S 4 , or Cr 2 S 3 .
- Use of these cathodic materials in an electrochemical cell including a Li-A1 alloy anode and a molten LiCl-LiF-LiBr electrolyte has been demonstrated to deliver specific energy densities of about 219 Wh/kg at a current density of 100 mA/cm 2 at an operating temperature of 490° C.
- the electrochemical cell described herein includes a lithium-aluminum alloy of 48 atomic percent lithium as the anode, an all lithium halide mixture of 47 mole percent lithium fluoride, 31 mole percent lithium chloride and 22 mole percent lithium bromide with a melting point of 445° C. as the electrolyte, and chromium sesquisulfide (Cr 2 S 3 )as the cathode active material.
- the discharge reactions of the cell may be represented by the following reactions:
- the electrochemical cell includes a three pellet stack of anode, electrolyte and cathode held together by a spring loaded cell design.
- FIG. 1 shows a typical discharge curve of the cell at a current density of 100mA/cm 2 at an operating temperature of 490° C.
- the cell delivers an energy density of 219 Wh/kg and a power density of 0.47 kW/kg at a current density of 100 mA/cm 2 .
- the molten alkali metal halide electrolyte of the high temperature molten salt thermal cell may also be at least one compound of the group LiAlCl 4 , NaAlCl 4 , LiCl, LiF, LiBr, NaCl, NaF, NaBr, KCl, KF, and KBr.
- anode of the high temperature molten salt electrochemical cell one might use at least one member of the group consisting of Li, LiAl, Na, K, Ca, Mg or any alkali metal or group IIA element, or alloy or composite mixture of at least two members of the group.
- the separator material of the high temperature molten salt thermal cell may be electrically insulative such as MgO, Y 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 or ionically conductive material such as Beta alumina.
- the separation between the anode and the cathode may be provided by a 65 weight percent molten salt electrolyte including any alkali or alkaline earth chloride, fluoride or bromide with 35 weight percent of a separator material as referred to previously.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
A high temperature molten salt thermal cell is provided including an alkalietal containing anode, a molten lithium halide electrolyte and at least one binary sulfide of chromium as the cathode.
Description
The invention described herein may be manufactured, used, and licensed by or for the Government for governmental purposes without the payment to us of any royalties thereon.
The invention relates in general to high temperature molten salt thermal cells and in particular to such cells where the active cathode material is thermally stable at high temperatures an also provides high specific energy densities and specific power densities.
High temperature molten salt thermal cells have been required for applications in fuses, projectile rockets, bombs, missiles, decoys, jammers, and torpedos. Amongst the many molten salt thermal cell systems that have been studied over the past many years, the lithium alloy/metal sulfide cells have shown considerable promise for these applications. In the past, these cells have used a lithium alloy (Li-A1) as the anode, an electrolyte including a lithium halide-alkali halide mixture (LiCl-KCl) eutectic and a cathode having as the cathode active material a binary metal sulfide of the general formula YS or YS2 where Y=Fe, Co or Ni. Though the use of these cathode materials has been generally satisfactory, it would be desirable to obtain cathode material that can deliver even higher energy densities at high temperatures.
The general object of this invention is to provide a high temperature molten salt thermal cell where the active cathode material is thermally stable at high temperatures and also provides high specific energy densities and specific power densities.
It has now been found that the aforementioned objective can be attained by providing a molten salt electrochemical thermal cell where the active cathodic materials include at least one of the binary sulfides of chromium metal such as CrS, Cr3 S4, or Cr2 S3. Use of these cathodic materials in an electrochemical cell including a Li-A1 alloy anode and a molten LiCl-LiF-LiBr electrolyte has been demonstrated to deliver specific energy densities of about 219 Wh/kg at a current density of 100 mA/cm2 at an operating temperature of 490° C.
The electrochemical cell described herein includes a lithium-aluminum alloy of 48 atomic percent lithium as the anode, an all lithium halide mixture of 47 mole percent lithium fluoride, 31 mole percent lithium chloride and 22 mole percent lithium bromide with a melting point of 445° C. as the electrolyte, and chromium sesquisulfide (Cr2 S3)as the cathode active material. The discharge reactions of the cell may be represented by the following reactions:
3Cr.sub.2 S.sub.3 +2LiA1→2Cr.sub.3 S.sub.4 +Li.sub.2 S+2A1
2Cr.sub.3 S.sub.4 +4LiA1→6CrS+2Li.sub.2 S+4A1
6CrS+12LiA1→6Li.sub.2 S+12A1+6Cr
The electrochemical cell includes a three pellet stack of anode, electrolyte and cathode held together by a spring loaded cell design.
FIG. 1 shows a typical discharge curve of the cell at a current density of 100mA/cm2 at an operating temperature of 490° C.
Referring to FIG. 1, the cell delivers an energy density of 219 Wh/kg and a power density of 0.47 kW/kg at a current density of 100 mA/cm2.
In lieu of the all lithium halide electrolyte mixture of lithium fluoride, lithium chloride and lithium bromide, a eutectic mixture of 59 mole percent lithium chloride and 41 mole percent potassium chloride maybe used as the electrolyte. The molten alkali metal halide electrolyte of the high temperature molten salt thermal cell may also be at least one compound of the group LiAlCl4, NaAlCl4, LiCl, LiF, LiBr, NaCl, NaF, NaBr, KCl, KF, and KBr.
As the anode of the high temperature molten salt electrochemical cell, one might use at least one member of the group consisting of Li, LiAl, Na, K, Ca, Mg or any alkali metal or group IIA element, or alloy or composite mixture of at least two members of the group.
The separator material of the high temperature molten salt thermal cell may be electrically insulative such as MgO, Y2 O3, ZrO2 or ionically conductive material such as Beta alumina. The separation between the anode and the cathode may be provided by a 65 weight percent molten salt electrolyte including any alkali or alkaline earth chloride, fluoride or bromide with 35 weight percent of a separator material as referred to previously.
We wish it to be understood that we do not desire to be limited to the exact details of construction shown and described for obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A high temperature molten salt thermal cell including an alkali metal containing anode, a molten alkali metal halide electrolyte and at least one binary sulfide of chromium as the cathode.
2. A high temperature molten salt thermal cell according to claim 1 wherein the alkali metal containing anode is at least one member of the group consisting of lithium, lithium-aluminum alloys, lithium-silicon alloys, lithium-boron alloys, sodium, sodium-alloys, potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
3. A high temperature molten salt thermal cell according to claim 1, wherein the binary sulfide of chromium is at least one member of the group consisting of Cr2 S3, Cr3 S4 and CrS.
4. A high temperature molten salt thermal cell according to claim 1 wherein the molten alkali halide electrolyte is at least one member of the group consisting of LiAlCl4, NaAlCl4, LiCl, LiF, LiBr, NaCl, NaF, NaBr, KCl, KF, and KBr.
5. A high temperature molten salt thermal cell according to claim 3 wherein the molten alkali metal halide electrolyte is a eutectic mixture of about 47 mole percent lithium bromide, about 31 mole percent lithium chloride, and about 22 mole percent lithium fluoride.
6. A high temperature molten salt thermal cell according to claim 3 wherein the molten alkali metal halide electrolyte is a eutectic mixture of about 59 mole percent lithium chloride and about 41 percent potassium chloride.
7. A high temperature molten salt thermal cell including a lithium aluminum alloy of about 48 atomic percent of lithium as the anode, a lithium halide eutectic mixture of about 31 mole percent lithium chloride, about 47 mole percent lithium bromide, and about 22 mole percent lithium fluoride as the electrolyte, and chromium sesquisulfide as the cathode.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/014,606 USH1335H (en) | 1993-02-08 | 1993-02-08 | High temperature molten salt thermal cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/014,606 USH1335H (en) | 1993-02-08 | 1993-02-08 | High temperature molten salt thermal cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USH1335H true USH1335H (en) | 1994-07-05 |
Family
ID=21766484
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/014,606 Abandoned USH1335H (en) | 1993-02-08 | 1993-02-08 | High temperature molten salt thermal cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USH1335H (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100221616A1 (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2010-09-02 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Non-aqueous cell having amorphous or semi-crystalline copper manganese oxide cathode material |
| WO2010117954A1 (en) * | 2009-04-06 | 2010-10-14 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Thermal battery electrolyte compositions, electrode-electrolyte composites, and batteries including the same |
| US20100310907A1 (en) * | 2009-03-05 | 2010-12-09 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | End of life indication system and method for non-aqueous cell having amorphous or semi-crystalline copper manganese oxide cathod material |
| US20100310908A1 (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-12-09 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Non-aqueous electrochemical cell having a mixture of at least three cathode materials therein |
| US20100308253A1 (en) * | 2009-04-06 | 2010-12-09 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Thermal battery cathode materials and batteries including same |
| US8652674B2 (en) | 2010-06-24 | 2014-02-18 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Thermal battery cathode materials containing nickel disulfide and batteries including same |
| CN109378460A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-02-22 | 上海空间电源研究所 | A kind of 5Ah grades of single cell of thermo battery |
| CN110534697A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-12-03 | 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 | A kind of single cell of thermo battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN114843704A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-08-02 | 天津大学 | A manganese-containing fluoride thermal battery |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3898096A (en) | 1973-06-11 | 1975-08-05 | Rockwell International Corp | Lithium-molten salt cell with transition metal chalcogenide positive electrode |
-
1993
- 1993-02-08 US US08/014,606 patent/USH1335H/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3898096A (en) | 1973-06-11 | 1975-08-05 | Rockwell International Corp | Lithium-molten salt cell with transition metal chalcogenide positive electrode |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8669007B2 (en) | 2008-11-07 | 2014-03-11 | Eaglepicher Technologies, LLC. | Non-aqueous cell having amorphous or semi-crystalline copper manganese oxide cathode material |
| US20100221616A1 (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2010-09-02 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Non-aqueous cell having amorphous or semi-crystalline copper manganese oxide cathode material |
| US20100310907A1 (en) * | 2009-03-05 | 2010-12-09 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | End of life indication system and method for non-aqueous cell having amorphous or semi-crystalline copper manganese oxide cathod material |
| US8663825B2 (en) | 2009-03-05 | 2014-03-04 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | End of life indication system and method for non-aqueous cell having amorphous or semi-crystalline copper manganese oxide cathode material |
| US8623553B2 (en) | 2009-03-18 | 2014-01-07 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Non-aqueous electrochemical cell having a mixture of at least three cathode materials therein |
| US20100310908A1 (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-12-09 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Non-aqueous electrochemical cell having a mixture of at least three cathode materials therein |
| US20100308253A1 (en) * | 2009-04-06 | 2010-12-09 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Thermal battery cathode materials and batteries including same |
| US8440342B2 (en) | 2009-04-06 | 2013-05-14 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Thermal battery cathode materials and batteries including same |
| US8394520B2 (en) | 2009-04-06 | 2013-03-12 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Thermal battery electrolyte materials, electrode-electrolyte composites, and batteries including same |
| US20100310917A1 (en) * | 2009-04-06 | 2010-12-09 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Thermal battery electrolyte materials, electrode-electrolyte composites, and batteries including same |
| WO2010117954A1 (en) * | 2009-04-06 | 2010-10-14 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Thermal battery electrolyte compositions, electrode-electrolyte composites, and batteries including the same |
| US8652674B2 (en) | 2010-06-24 | 2014-02-18 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Thermal battery cathode materials containing nickel disulfide and batteries including same |
| CN109378460A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-02-22 | 上海空间电源研究所 | A kind of 5Ah grades of single cell of thermo battery |
| CN109378460B (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2021-09-10 | 上海空间电源研究所 | 5 Ah-level thermal battery single battery |
| CN110534697A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-12-03 | 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 | A kind of single cell of thermo battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN110534697B (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2022-03-01 | 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 | Thermal battery single battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN114843704A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-08-02 | 天津大学 | A manganese-containing fluoride thermal battery |
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