USH1097H - Method for validating radiographic inspection of projectile - Google Patents
Method for validating radiographic inspection of projectile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USH1097H USH1097H US07/706,482 US70648291A USH1097H US H1097 H USH1097 H US H1097H US 70648291 A US70648291 A US 70648291A US H1097 H USH1097 H US H1097H
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- projectile
- burster
- explosive
- inspected
- pellets
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/22—Fuels; Explosives
- G01N33/227—Explosives, e.g. combustive properties thereof
Definitions
- each projectile burster be x-rayed to detect voids, cracks or foreign materials with the explosive, these x-rays are not consistently reliable.
- the problem in x-raying the projectile burster contents is that the x-ray must pass through the dense metal burster tube and accurately x-ray the less dense explosive material.
- Prior to the present invention there was no way to ensure that an absence of indicators on the developed film indicated explosive consolidation rather than a failure of the equipment to detect cracks, voids or foreign material through the metal tube walls caused by mis-calibration or mis-focus of the x-ray machine.
- the present invention has provided a method which ensures that each x-ray machine used to x-ray projectile bursters will be properly focused and calibrated.
- the method of the present invention involves x-raying a burster tube which contains a explosive simulant having a predetermined density and size.
- the x-ray film is evaluated to determine whether the x-ray machine's calibration and focus need to be adjusted.
- burster tube x-ray film from a properly calibrated and focused x-ray machine can be used as a visual comparison for assessing the size of gaps/voids in a projectile burster containing an actual explosive.
- This invention provides a method by which to validate the calibration and focus of an x-ray machine used for the radiographic inspection of projectile bursters.
- One aspect of the present invention provides for the use of a penetrometer, in the form of a metal burster tube which contains an explosive simulant in the form of pellets which have a known density and dimensions. The exact dimensions of the explosive simulant pellets allow for gaps/voids of a predetermined widths and depths between the pellets. An x-ray photograph of the explosive simulant containing burster is taken, and the quality and visibility of the gaps or voids on the x-ray film of the explosive simulant containing burster are used to evaluate and adjust the calibration and focus of the x-ray machine.
- the density of the explosive-simulating pellets is similar to that of the explosive which is used in the projectile burster.
- the dimensions of the pellets allow for gaps between the pellets having a width of 0.01 inch and depth of 0.05 inch.
- Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for inspecting projectile bursters using a calibrated and focused x-ray machine. X-rays are taken of a projectile burster containing explosive pellets simulant in place of the regular explosive and also of a projectile burster containing explosive. Then the two x-ray films are visually compared. Excessive gaps or voids in the explosive contained within the projectile burster may result in the failure of the projectile burster to explode. Therefore inspection of the projectile bursters by this radiographic method provides a criteria by which x-rays of projectile bursters can be evaluated.
- the criteria used to judge the acceptance or rejection of the projectile burster are as follows: Longitudinal and traverse gaps or voids of less than 0.010 inch wide are permitted. A single longitudinal gap or void may extend a maximum of 8 inches in length. However, the aggregate length of cracks in any one projectile burster shall not exceed 12 inches.
- Another embodiment of the present invention provides for the validation of the radiographic inspection of a M825A1 projectile burster, which contains an A-5 explosive.
- the simulant pellets contained within the penetrometer are made of inert plastic, preferably a polyacetyl polymer which has a density of 1.41-1.43 close to that of the A-5 explosive.
- the pellets have exact dimensions which provide for a gap or void between the pellets which is 0.01 inch wide and 0.05 inch deep.
- the present invention is not limited to the inspection of projectile bursters.
- the methodology of placing a material of a known density within a container can be adapted by one skilled in the art for the validation of radiographic instruments used to x-ray through any dense material to actually x-ray inspect the less dense material contained within.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
This invention provides a method used for radiographic inspection of matel within a container, where the container is a dense material and the contents to be radiographically inspected are of a less dense material.
Description
The invention described herein may be made, used or licensed by or for the Government for Governmental purposes without the payment to the inventors of any royalties thereon or therefor.
In early 1990, there was an increase in the failure of M825A1 projectile bursters to function during projectile firings. This was subsequently determined to be due to the presence of voids or cracks with the A-5 explosive within the burster tube. Each such failure results in the loss of hundreds of dollars of U.S. Army funds.
Even though it is required that each projectile burster be x-rayed to detect voids, cracks or foreign materials with the explosive, these x-rays are not consistently reliable. The problem in x-raying the projectile burster contents is that the x-ray must pass through the dense metal burster tube and accurately x-ray the less dense explosive material. Prior to the present invention there was no way to ensure that an absence of indicators on the developed film indicated explosive consolidation rather than a failure of the equipment to detect cracks, voids or foreign material through the metal tube walls caused by mis-calibration or mis-focus of the x-ray machine.
The present invention has provided a method which ensures that each x-ray machine used to x-ray projectile bursters will be properly focused and calibrated. The method of the present invention involves x-raying a burster tube which contains a explosive simulant having a predetermined density and size. The x-ray film is evaluated to determine whether the x-ray machine's calibration and focus need to be adjusted.
Additionally, the burster tube x-ray film from a properly calibrated and focused x-ray machine can be used as a visual comparison for assessing the size of gaps/voids in a projectile burster containing an actual explosive.
This invention provides a method by which to validate the calibration and focus of an x-ray machine used for the radiographic inspection of projectile bursters. One aspect of the present invention provides for the use of a penetrometer, in the form of a metal burster tube which contains an explosive simulant in the form of pellets which have a known density and dimensions. The exact dimensions of the explosive simulant pellets allow for gaps/voids of a predetermined widths and depths between the pellets. An x-ray photograph of the explosive simulant containing burster is taken, and the quality and visibility of the gaps or voids on the x-ray film of the explosive simulant containing burster are used to evaluate and adjust the calibration and focus of the x-ray machine. Preferably, the density of the explosive-simulating pellets is similar to that of the explosive which is used in the projectile burster. The dimensions of the pellets allow for gaps between the pellets having a width of 0.01 inch and depth of 0.05 inch.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for inspecting projectile bursters using a calibrated and focused x-ray machine. X-rays are taken of a projectile burster containing explosive pellets simulant in place of the regular explosive and also of a projectile burster containing explosive. Then the two x-ray films are visually compared. Excessive gaps or voids in the explosive contained within the projectile burster may result in the failure of the projectile burster to explode. Therefore inspection of the projectile bursters by this radiographic method provides a criteria by which x-rays of projectile bursters can be evaluated. The criteria used to judge the acceptance or rejection of the projectile burster are as follows: Longitudinal and traverse gaps or voids of less than 0.010 inch wide are permitted. A single longitudinal gap or void may extend a maximum of 8 inches in length. However, the aggregate length of cracks in any one projectile burster shall not exceed 12 inches.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides for the validation of the radiographic inspection of a M825A1 projectile burster, which contains an A-5 explosive. The simulant pellets contained within the penetrometer are made of inert plastic, preferably a polyacetyl polymer which has a density of 1.41-1.43 close to that of the A-5 explosive. The pellets have exact dimensions which provide for a gap or void between the pellets which is 0.01 inch wide and 0.05 inch deep.
The present invention is not limited to the inspection of projectile bursters. The methodology of placing a material of a known density within a container, can be adapted by one skilled in the art for the validation of radiographic instruments used to x-ray through any dense material to actually x-ray inspect the less dense material contained within.
Claims (5)
1. A method of inspecting projectile bursters using a properly calibrated and focused machine comprising:
x-raying a projectile burster containing explosive simulant pellets,
x-raying a projectile burster containing explosive which is to be inspected, comparing the x-ray films of the projectile burster to that of the burster containing the explosive simulant pellets, and
evaluating the x-ray film of the projectile burster based on criteria specific to the burster and explosive it contains.
2. A method as in claim 1, wherein said projectile burster to be inspected is a M825A1.
3. A method as in claim 2, wherein said projectile burster contains an A-5 explosive.
4. A method as in claim 3, wherein said criteria are:
(i) longitudinal and traverse gaps or voids of less than 0.010 inch wide are permitted,
(ii) a single longitudinal gap or void may extend a maximum of 8 inches in length, and
(iii) an aggregate length of gaps or voids in any one of said projectile burster cannot exceed 12 inches.
5. A method of inspecting x-ray film of a material within a container to determine the acceptibility or unacceptibility of gaps or voids in the material using a properly calibrated and focused machine comprising:
x-raying a test container containing pellets having a predetermined density and predetermined size,
x-raying a container containing material which is to be inspected, comparing the x-ray films of the material to be inspected to that of the test container, and
evaluating the x-ray film of the material being inspected based upon criteria specific to the container and material it contains.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/706,482 USH1097H (en) | 1991-05-28 | 1991-05-28 | Method for validating radiographic inspection of projectile |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/706,482 USH1097H (en) | 1991-05-28 | 1991-05-28 | Method for validating radiographic inspection of projectile |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USH1097H true USH1097H (en) | 1992-08-04 |
Family
ID=24837782
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/706,482 Abandoned USH1097H (en) | 1991-05-28 | 1991-05-28 | Method for validating radiographic inspection of projectile |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USH1097H (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6320193B1 (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2001-11-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method for non-intrusively identifying a contained material utilizing uncollided nuclear transmission measurements |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4604649A (en) | 1981-11-24 | 1986-08-05 | Vought Corporation | Radiographic inspection means and method |
-
1991
- 1991-05-28 US US07/706,482 patent/USH1097H/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4604649A (en) | 1981-11-24 | 1986-08-05 | Vought Corporation | Radiographic inspection means and method |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6320193B1 (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2001-11-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method for non-intrusively identifying a contained material utilizing uncollided nuclear transmission measurements |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE, AS REPRESENTED BY T Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST SUBJECT TO BE LICENSE.;ASSIGNORS:BURNHAM, MICHAEL J.;BROMLEY, DONNY W.;STEWART, PAUL L.;REEL/FRAME:006022/0681 Effective date: 19910522 |
|
| STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |