US996403A

US996403A - Projectile.

Info

Publication number: US996403A
Application number: US29614306A
Authority: US
Inventors: Michael W Gilmartin
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1906-01-15
Filing date: 1906-01-15
Publication date: 1911-06-27
Anticipated expiration: 1928-06-27

Description

M. W. GIL' rm. 4

Patented June 27,1911.

' PROJEG AIPLIUATIOK 1'1 LBI mm, 1906.

FIG, I.

WITNIESSIES $612,4

Patented June 27, 19 11. a SHEETS nmz'r z.

'NVENTOR:

WITNESSES J AAAAAAAAAAA TILED JAN.15,1906. 996,403. I Patented June 2?, 1911.

' 3 EEEEEEEEEEEE 3.

FIG. 9.

,FIG. I2.

INVENTOR:

its

WITNESSES:

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I,

tizen of the Unite oroughj of Manhattan, city, county, and State of New York, have 'in vented certain new and useful Improvements in Pro jectiles, of which the following is a specifi- Mrcrnann W. GILMAR d States, residing v ates to projectiles and aims to provide certain improvements This invention rel hile applicable generally designed to explode is especially directed other projectiles for This general type ith a bore or cha-in- 'ch is carried a bursting chargeof or high explosive which fired bya suitable fuse oclr of the impact of the urge-t or otherwise. eit is necessary to introduction of the the insertion of the the smaller .used in the United My invention, w to projectiles ivhi after leaying the gun, to armor-piercing and heavy rifled ordnance.

ileis formed iv gun-powder or oth is designed to be ignited by the sh projectile against the t.

In this type of projectil provide a passage for the bursting charge and for sion or other fuse, and in Calibers principally States and other navies, a screw or this purpose has been pr ll. of the projectile, the fuse being constructed to screw into such passage and form a closure-therefor. bers such scr In the larger ca'li ed passage has been letachable base, which .isjusu: screw-threaded plug nating that of t-he'in- This constructioni has ed to provide a large passage for on of the bursting charge. 1 I

reasons the fuse has din the circular rear f the shell, and in this between the fuse, been exposed to the di -,1

ally constructed as a. of av diameter approxn terior of the shell. been adopt the introducti For constructional ordinarily'been place wall or base portion 0 position the joints plug and shell have met effect of the firing charge. It 'found in practice extremely heavy p moment of e'xplosio through such base has been. that the gases un ressure developed at the n have found their way the'int erior of the -ted the. bursting charge. Thehas been that the projecti ploded within the gun, disrupti and causing in some cases consi of life. An effort has been made toprev such accidents by the use of a soft. me

the latter UNITED srarnsra'rsnr drains.

MICHAEL worLMAR'rrN, NEW troim, N. Y.

PROJEGTILE.

, Specification of Letters Patent Patented Juuefi? 1911.

. I. Application filed January 15, 1906. Serial; No. 296,143. a

' I disk which has been tamped into an undercut circular groove on the base of the project-ile surrounding the fuse, (and the base plug when used), but this has proved to be unsatisfactory in use becauw of the -difliculty of removal and replacement. w

Conditions of service have demanded the frequent removal of the fuse to inspect and replace its fuhninate cap or other percussion device, as Well the operating mechanism therefor,' and for the inspection and occasional rem oval of the biu'sting charge. Such projectiles are usually stored for a considerable length of time V zines and arsenals, and it; has been found that the bursting charge, at least in part, soon becomes rediilced to a. fine powder which finds its Way between the screw threads of the fuse" and base plug and projectile body. It has also been found that the metal forming these parts is especially liable to corro sion on the interior of the projectile so'that so rusted in place as to require considerable force to unscrew them. The frictlon engencases generated sufficient heat to'ignite the particles of powder around them and exs plode the bursting-charge, and many seriousaccidents have resulted from this cause. 'My invcntioi'i aims to provide an explosive projectile in which all of the ordinary service operations may be performed with perfect safety.

According to the preferred form, of my invention I provide a. means which is ar ranged between the detachable base portion of the projectile and the projectile'bo y, Which isadapted toprevent the p'assagecf gases of the firing charge into the interior of the projectile. I, In its preferred form my i vention' provides a detachable base portion having a forwardly extending flange which surroimds therear of the projectile, metal rotating band encircling the latter at the exterior jointbetween the base and project'ile body, and compressed between such parts. 'Preferably I utilize for this pur pose the usual soft metal rotat ng band now employed for engaging the rrfiing of the un to turn the projectile. In th1s case pre erablv so proportion the parts'thet the oint betiveen the detachable base and the pro ecin the various inagathe fuse and plug not infrequently becomesdered in removing these parts has in many and 9; softadheres to the interior of the projectile, and

tile body is located in advance of the soft a crosssection of Fig.,10 on the line 11, 11; metal rotating band, so that as the latter is Fig.;l2 is a longitudinal section of the rear forced by the firing charge'into the rifiing portion of a modified'forin of pro ectile, .of the gun at the rear of such joint, itshall Referring to the drawings, let- A indicate 5 constitute a gas checkto. prevent the. pasthe body of the projectile, which is formed 7 0 sage of the hot gases through such joint to with a bore or chamber B designed to conthe interior of the projectile. Preferably tain the bursting charge, which, in the pressuch soft metal band is secured to the deent instance is introduced through a passage tachable base by screw threads or otherwise," C at the rear of the projectile designed to be 10 so that when adjusted in position, it will be closed by a detachable base D. The fuse 75 non-rotatively connected thereto in the diwhich is indicated by the letterEis mounted rection in whichthe rifling of the gun tends with its inner endpro-jecting into the chamto relatively rotate such parts. ber B, and is as to its mechanism of any My invention also provides means between well known construction.

the detachable base (or other detachable According to the preferredform of in 8..Q..-.

part) and the projectile by which the en vention I provide between the detachable trance of powder between such detachable baseD and the projectile. body, a means for base and the projectile body is prevented, preventing the passage of the hot gases of so that. such base may be removed without 'the'firing charge through the joint between '20 dan er of exploding the bursting charge. the base and the body. Preferably I utilize 5 Preferably I provide an intercepting plate for this purpose the-usual soft metal rotatextending completely across the base in- 'ingband F, which is designed to enter the wardly of the latter, such. plate being in grooves-of the rifling and form a gas ti ht effect imperforate so as to constitute a compacking between the projectile and the 1nplete closure for the interior chamber of the tcrior of the gun barrel. Forthis purpose I j 90 I projectile? whereby to prevent comn1unicaso form the base that its joint with the protion with the passageto the exterior of the jectile body is-in advance of the band F so projectile. that the latter in effect formsv a check or My invention also provides a projectile Y shield to prevent the gas from entering such having a fuse which is removable there-from joint. To this endthe detachable base Dis 95 without undue friction so that premature formed with an imperforate head portion'a explosion from this cause is impossible. of approximately the full diameter of the Preferably the fuse, or the part which'carprojectile, which head portion is formed ries it (and by preference each) is formed with a circumferential flange 72 extending to fit 'clfc'rsely against the wall of the projecforwardly and surrounding the rear portion tile, so as to exclude the entrance of powder of the projectile body. Preferably the head dust between them, and the contacting surand flange-are formed with a curved front faces are so disposed relatively to the direc wall b which is adapted to fit a similar'wall tion of movement of the fuse upon with- 0 formed on the projectile body, this con- 40 drawal, that they separate without moving struction affording the maximum strength 105 upon each other to any appreciable extent. for a given thickness of metal. This coii- My invention also provides certain other. structibn also accomplishes the very impor features of improvement which will be heretant result of securing a positive fragmenta inafter referred to. tion of the projectile. after the bursting Referring to the drawings which illustrate charge Within the shell has ignited. Man y' several modifications of my invention, Figof the shells nowin service fail to explode, ure 1 is a longitudinal section partly in ele-. notwithstanding the ignition of the bursting ration of one form of my invention; Fig. 2 charge. The probable cause of this is that a fragmentary view on an enlarged scale the metal of the shell expands under the of the rear portion of the projectile shown great pressure of the bursting charge until in Fig. 1.; the parts being shown as septhe grip of the screw 'threadson the fuse is arated. Fig. 3 is a rear elevation of the so reduced that the fuse is blown out of the intercepting plate detached; Fig. 4 is anenshellthus affording a comparatively large larged fragmentary cross-section on the lines outlet for the gases. In thepresent con 4,=in Fig. 1; Fig. 5' is a. longitudinal secstruction while the shell expands, its rear tion of thefiear portion of an aI'mor-piercend is confined by the over-hanging walls of ing projectile of th general proportions the base, so that the latter cannot be blown now in use; Fig. 6 is a similar view of a out of the body, the screw threads of the usual type of explosive projectile; Fig. 7 is body retainingth'eir secure hold on the base. 60 a front elevation of the base shown in Fig. As the charge cannot be relieved by blowing {1, detached; Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section out the base, its force must be exerted'against of the rear portion of a modified form of the walls of the body of the shell, so that minim-piercing projectile; Figs. 9 and: 10 are the latter must be disrupted. Preferably similar sections showing my invention as apthe band F is carried onthe flange b, with H v plied to small caliber projectiles; Fig. 11 is at. least a.portion of its body at the rear of the exterior joint,c between the flange and projectile body A, and preferably also with its forward edge at such joint.

Preferably the flange and projectile body are formed with oppositely arranged shoulders cl," 6 between which the band is pressed.

7 Bythisconstruction-the band is utilized to 'anysuitable manner. "'In theconstruction shown in Figs. land 2 the base is provided with a plug portion j which is designed to screw into the screw-threaded passage C formed at the rear of the body A.

As heretofore constructed the projectile has been formed with a circumferential groove cut in its cylindrical wall, and the soft metal band has either been formed as a.

cut ring and closed into such groove, or it has been formed as a continuous ring of suf ficient diameter to pass over the projectile body and has been compressed into such groove. In both of these constructions great difficulty has been experienced in making a tions by hydraulic pressure.- In none of these constructions hasthere resulted a per- .tectly rigid CODUGCUOD, and many shots havebeen lost for this reason.

lVhen any slipping takes place-between the band and body, the projectile fails to receive the, proper rotary movement and tumbles? after it leaves the gun. By my invention I obviate this 'd'ifliculty and providefaperfectly rigid connection between Preferably the band 13 V made as a continuous or uncut ring of the these two parts.

same diameter as the" external diameter of the part of the projectile body which is to carry'it, and is applied thereto axially there ofwith or without a rotative movement and without any diminution" of diameter in the act of applying it. Bythis means I am enabled to previously form the band and body with co-acting abutments which prevent relative rotation of the parts. Preferably I provide a band which isadapted to screw upon the projectile body, with means for preventing the unscrewing ofthe'band during firing.

In the constructionshown in Figs. 1 and 2 the band F is provided with an internal screw thread which engages acircumferential thread formed on the. flange b. The shoulders (Z and'e constitute in this case abutmcnts which preventrotation of the band in either direction thus making a rigid connection between the band and projectile body. Any other suitable construction may be adopted which will prevent relative rotation of the band andbody during firing.

The direction of the threads tif the -p-lug' portion f of the base D should be such that' the rifii'ng of the gun acting through'the soft metal band F tends to screw the base farther into the projectile body. lVith a right-hand I rifling, the plug portion should be formed with a right-hand thread. Preferably the band F should be formed with. a thread which tends to force itagainst the shoulder e of'the projectile body, that is to'say, a

right-hand thread for a right-hand rifling. It 1s, of course, within my invention to prov de set screws ormthendeviccs of suiiicient strength to resistthe tendency to relative rotation of these several parts-but I prefer for simplicity'and economy'to so construct the latter that such devices will be unnecessary. I prefer, however to make use of a single small set screw 9 to'prevent possible relative rotation in handling, etc..such screw being tapped into the projectilebody close to the meeting joint of the flange Z), the baud F and body A, as shown inFig. 2. As there is a possibility of such screw working out of its socket and projecting beyond the band F. I prefer to provide a soft metal plug or screw h which is-screwed in upon the top of the screw 9 as best shown in Fig. 4. In case the screw plug it accidentally stands in a protruding position during flringjit will have no effect on the gun barrel or rifling, while with a steel screw there would be danger of injury to these parts. My invention also in cludes a certain improvement in the con struction of the'soft metal rotating band itself. At present such bands for a breechloading projectile are made of a diameter tofit the grooves of "the rifling of the gun, the soft metal being displaced during firing so as to admit the lands ofthe rifling. In use,

however, the rifling of the gunfrequently wearsunequally with'the result that during a part of the passage of the projectile through thevgun the explosion gases leak past the projectile, thereby, reducing the range of. the latter. This wearing-of the rifling of the gun is partly due to friction of the projectile passing along it, but is also due to-the fact that the rotating bands now in use are of such character that they permit the explosive gases of the firing charge to leak past the projectile, thus causing an erosion with a cutting and wearing effect on the rifiing. By my invention I give'to this type of band a capability of expansionso thatit will be forced outwardly by the firing charge and hug closely the surface of the barrel irrespective of the differences in diameter of the latter. This construction thus prevents any possible leak of the gases and not only maintains the maximum pressure of the firing charge, but prevents to a large degree the wear npon'the rifling of the gun.

' between the One form of my improved construction is shown in Figs. 2 and 4 wherein I have shown the band as provided at its rear with a series of recesses i which are adapted to admit the powder gases to expand the entire rear portion of the band outwardly into contact with the barrel.

quiredeflect, and may, if desired, be joined to form'an annular groove extendlng around the rear face of the flange, as wlll be described with reference to Figs. 10 and 11.

While it is desirable to provide a large passage to the interior of the projectile for the purpose of charging and recharging the latter, it has been found in practicethat this has involved a considerable element of 'danger,'owing to the diflicult-y of forming a closure therefor of prevent the entrance of powder between the parts. As before stated considerable friction is engendered in unscrewing the base,

' ter from thechamber B. The plate G and that as the the plate G projectile body are formed with opposite shoulders k, m, which fit closely against each other, and the parts are so proportioned base D is screwed home upon the projectile body it will press the plate G so firmly to its seat as to prevent the powder of the bursting charge from working past the plate. It is particularly important shall be prevented from rotative movement during unscrewing of the head, and to this lug n fitting a recess 01/ body as shown in Fig. 2. cssary in some cases to end I provide a suitable in the projectile If it is found necmake the plate G and its seat a ground fit, the lug n may be replaced by any suitable device adapted to be adjusted in place after the grinding of the parts. Preferably I form a tapering or conical surface on the projectile body and plate as indicated at 0 in Fig. 2, thus providing an. extremely close fit bet-ween the parts. \Vhen it is desired to remove or replace the bursting charge, the detachable base I) may be unscrewed with perfect safety, and the intercepting plate Gr lifted by an appropriate tool without rotary movement, and hence without danger of prema ture explosion. Suitable undercut sockets p are preferably provided in the plate for en gagemcnt withthe withdrawing tool.

It is preferable that the screw-threaded engagement of the base D and projectile body shall be as extensive as is practical in Such recesses are arranged 'sufiiciently close together to produce the resufiicient tightness to.

liable to cause an explosion of the that movement in the construction and mounting provides an important imof the fuse E. The standard fuse now used c in service is so constructed that its operative parts are accessible only from the inner end of the fuse, and this has necessitated the removal of the fuse from the projectile whenever itis necessary to inspect or replace such operative parts. Asthe fulminateof the ,fuse is liable to rapid deterioration, frequent removal and inspection of the fuse is a practical necessity. With all projectiles having removable fuses with which I am acquainted, the walls of the projectile and fuse are so'formed as to produce a grinding action. between such walls during the removal of the fuse. As the parts can be thoroughly cleaned before insertion, such action is not of special importance at that time. After insertion, however, the dustlike grains of powder from the bursting charge adhere to the wallsiof the fuse and work in between it and the projectile body and are projectile during unfusing. According to my invention I overcome this difficulty by so forming the walls of the projectile and fuse with relation to the direction of movement of the fuse during withdrawal that they separate without friction. While this end may be attained in various 4 to form the fuse with at leasta portion of its wall tapered inwardly, and to form thatways, I prefer part of the projectile which carries the fuse with a correspondingly tapered seat portion adapted to closely receive the tapered p01"- $1011 01 the: fuse, and to exclude as far as possible the entrance of powder dust between them. lVith such construction, the tapered wall of the fuse will, upon withdrawal, separate from the seat without movingupon the latter to any appreciable extent, and will not generate sufficient fric t1on to ignite the powder should there be :tiny present between the surfaces. This is rue, gether to a considerable extent which is freguently the case in practice. With a cylinrical orother fuse fitting a corresponding seat, under like conditions the friction generated by the continued grinding action of the surfaces during withdrawal of the fuse is often suflicient to-ignitethe charge. Preferably the fuse is tapered practically throughout its entire length and fits within "ing plate G for/this purpose.

az'correspondingly tapered seat, as shown at g in Fig. In this figure the fuse is shown as formed with a flanged head r whichres ts in an annular depressionformed around the seat. j v

The fuse p rovided by my invention may becarri'ed in any suitable partof the projectile, but I prefer to utilize the intercept- By forming the fuse and its seat in the manner indicated, there is little or no liability of powder working up betweenthe fuseandv its seat, but if a necessary a second intercepting plate may-be providedbetween the detachable base D and the head of the fuse so as to prevent access of the powder to the inner surface of the vrotatively removable base, such a plate'being shown at L in Fig. 5. o

It is important that the fuse E shall'b prevented from rotating during its removal, and with this form of fuse the tendency to rotate during withdrawal is reduced to the minimum. I may, however, form a lug s on the fuse which is received ina correspending recess in the plate G. The fuse is also provided w th undercut recessest for engagement with any suitable withdrawing tool.' For inspection purposes the base D may be unscrewed by any suitable spanner wrench engagingfaces 2 formed on the head a and if it is desired to inspect the fuse only, the withdrawing'tool is applied against the plate G and the fuse; withdrawn. For gaining access tothe charge of the projectile, the intercepting plate G'is removed, carrying with it thefuse andleaving the passage 0 free for withdrawal of the charge or other )urpose. Either of these operations may e accomplished without danger to the operator, as may also those of replacing the various. parts.

In Fig. 5 I have: shown my'intention as applied to theregular armor-piercing shell 0 the United States service, thepropor lions being substantially those used in praclice. In this type of projectile the walls are relatively thick to obtain the maximum penetrating power and the bursting chamber is correspondingly smallas only a moderate burstin effect is required in this type of shell. n ,this'construction the intercepter (.l is formed as a. flat plate, and the base I) hasits rear end formed as a plane surface instead 'of being cupped as in Fig. 2.

In Fig. 6 I have illustrated my invention applied to the ordinary explosive shell of large caliber now in use. ln this type of shell the maximum bursting effect is desired and to this end-the capacity ofthe chamber Bis made as great as is practical. The intercepting plate G in this construction is designed to increase the capacity of the chamber B as much as oossiblc. the plate being concave and pre erably of funnel I shape as shown. In this construction the base D is formed with a central screw- ,threadcd passage for the insertion and removal of the fuse, such passage being closed by a screw-threaded plug D as shown. In i this construction there is danger of the passage of the hot gases of the firing charge into the chamber B betweenthe plug D and the remainder of the base. To prevent this, I provide a soft metal ring H between the plate'Gr and the plug Dtwhich prevents such gasesfrom passing between 'the fuse and its seat, and also a rin H which prevents theirpassage along t e outer wallpf the intercepting plate and past the inner edge thereof to the burstin chamber. -The soft metal rotating band 2 encircling the base D prevents, as before, the ingress of gases to the bursting chamber through the exterior joint between the base and the projeotile. In this figure I have illustrated a modified mode of preventing rotation of the soft metal band F relatively to the base D In this construction the band is formed wlth a series of lugs 11 whichfit recesses w formed in the base as best seen in Fig. 7.

In Fig. 8 I have illustrated a construction of an armor-piercing shell which .is somewhat different. from that shown in Fig. In this figure the detachable base D" instead of being provided with a screwthreaded plug, has its flange-b screw-threaded on its interior face to engage exterior threads formed at the rear of the projectile body. weight of metal at the rear of the projectile, I form the intercepting plate G of a thickness nearly equal to the length of the fuse.

In .this construction I have shown a soft metal ring m held in an annular recess on the top of the plate to assist in seating the latter and to relievethe friction between the base and the plate in unscrewing the base. In this construction I have also shown i thesoft metal rotating band F as located- In this figure to obtain the desired a between. the base and projectile body, so i that it acts only as a gas check in the rear of such joint, and has no additional function as a packing device as in the previous fig ures. The band F is held in place in this construction by a steel ring J of the samediameter as the projectile. Obviously the band may be screwed onto the projectile from the rear thereof, andheltl in place by the ring J applied behind the band; or by providing suitable means for preventing relative rotation of the projectile and hand during firing, the ring J may be omitted, such construction being illustrated in a sacceeding figure.

In Fig. 9 I have illustrated by invention applied to a projectile of small caliber. In this type (if-projectile the charging passage is relatively small, usually but little larger than the diameter of the fuse. In

this construction the intercepting plate G is formed as a gasket with its inner wall tapered to receive the fuse. Itfiis obvious that instead of support-inc the fuse upon the intercepting plate as in '16 previous figures, it may be mounted in any other part of the projectile.

I11 Fig. 10 I have illustrated the fuse as carried upon the detachable base plug D of the usual type of projectile. In this con struction to prevent the gases from the firing charge from reaching the bursting chamber, I have provided soft metal rings H H interposed between the base and the projectile body, and the base and removable plug D, respectively. In this figure and in Fig. 111 have shown the plug and projectile body as formed with lnterrupted screwthreads so as to permit attachment and detachment of the base plug with comparativ'ely slight rotation of the latter. This construction also illustrates a novel form ofsoft metal band F which instead of being formed with recesses i, isprovidedwith an annular recess or groove 2", The gases from the firing charge enter this recess and expand the band against the rifiing, as before described with reference to Fig. 2. These figures also illustrate the application of my improved soft metal rotating band to ordinary service projectiles now in: use. This is accomplished by.t-urning down the rear of v the projectile to slightly less than its original diameter and screw-threading the contiguous wall of the projectileto a'suificient extent to receive the band. The wall of the projectile may be sufiiciently reduced to leave a shoulder e against which the band may be screwed, as shown in.,Fig. 10. In this figure I have alsoillustrated one modification of the fuse provided by my invention.

In this construction the fuse E is formed with a cylindrical wall q, and a tapered end portion 9 which fits in a seat q formed upon the inner art of-the detachable base D. Preferably in this construction the base. is formed with a cylindrical. socket of slightly larger diameter than the' fus'e as shown. It is obvious that the tapered portion g of the fuse may beomit-ted and the cylindrical end of the fuse contact directly with the seat it is also obvious that such seat maybe fiat instead of tapered as shown.

In Fig. 12 I have shown the base D as constructed in the form of a cap and in this construction thesoft metal rotating bandIt is screwed directly on the cylindrical wall of the projectile itself, instead of being carried by the base. By screwing the base firmly against the band, the joint between the base and projectile issufliciently packed for most pnr gases from t e firing charge into the bursting chamber, even though the exteri r joint stance located at the rear 0 -In this figure I have shown a further modioses to prevent entrance of the of the base and projectile'body is in this inthe band. F.

fication of fuse which, in this instance is carried in the wall of the projectile. The

, fuse E 'in this figure is formed with a tapered portion 9* near .the'flange thereof,

while the body of the fuse is formed with a taper of less inclination. The projectile is formed with correspondingly tapered portions as shown.

In'the projectile shown in Figs. 1, 2, 5, 8, 9 and 12 it will be seen that the fuse is mounted in the interior of the projectile with an imperforate base extendingv entirely across the head of the fuse, and that in Figs. 2 and 5 such base is of substantially the full diameter of the projectile and is formed with a plug portion of substantially the diameterof the bore of the projectile. By these constructions there is no liability of the fuse being blown out of the projectile when the fuse explodes. In many instances it has beenfound tha-twith the ordinary construction the fuse itself has been blown out of the projectile without igniting the bursting charge, the projectile failing to explode because the hot gases have not been able to reach the bursting charge when the fuse was forced out. This is particularly liable to happen in the case of fuses which carry magazines at their inner ends forthe purpose of intensifying the firing action of the fuse. ,My invention avoids this difliculty in the manner just stated.

I do not herein claim the construction of fuse and fuse socket herein described, such construction forming the subject matter of 16th day of June, 1908. V

Though I have described herein several modifications of my invention, I do not wish tobe limited thereto, as many changes may invention.

What I'claim is:

1. An explosive projectile having an interior bore and an opening to said bore in be made therein without departing from my the rear of the projectile, means for closing said opening having a part extending to the cylindrical wall of said projectile, and a separately formed rotating band of softer metal than said closing means, said band being located at the exterior oint of said clos-' ing means and said projectile wall and adapted to oppose the passage of gases through ,said joint.

2. An explosive projectile having an interior bore and an opening to said bore in the opening having a part extending to the cylindrica'l wall of said projectile, and a separately formed rotating band of softer metal than said closing means, said band being 10- PatentNo. 890,900, granted to me' pn therear of the projectile, means forelosing said cared at the exterior joint of said closing means and said projectile wall and adapted to oppose the passa of joint, said rotating and said closing means. v v

3. An explosivepro'jectile having an interior bore and an opening to said bore in the gases through said ing. carried upon rear; of the projectile, a detachable base formed of hard metal and having a portion extendin to the exterior cylindrical wall of said pro ectile, and a rotating band located at the exterior joint, between such base and wall and adapted to oppose the assage of gases through said joint, and mi band be-. ing formed ofsoft metah i 4 An explosive projectile having'an interior bore and an opening to said bore in the rear] of the projectile, a detachable base formed of hard metal and having'aportion extending to the exterior cylindrical wall of said projectile, and a rotating band located at the exterior joint between such base and wall and adapted to oppose the passageof gases through said joint, said rotatin band being carried by said base, and being ormed I of soft/metal.

5. An explosive projectile having an interior boreand'an opening to saidbore in the rear of the projectile, adetachable base formedof hard metal and having a portion extending to the exterior cylindrical'wall of said projectile, said base and projectile hav ing a groove formed between-them,. and a rotating band arranged in said groove and adapted to oppose the passage oi gases through the exterior joint'between the projectile body and base,..and said band'being formed of soft metal.

- 6. An explosive projectile having an interior bore and an opening to'said bore in the rear of the projectile, a, detachablexbase' .formed of hard metal. and having a portion extending -to the exterior cylindrical wall of said pro eetileisaid base andlprojectile havrotating band arranged in said groove and "adapted to oppose the passage of gases .through theexterior joint between the PIO- jectile body jectile; havmg engaging portions to prevent ing a groove formed-between them, and a and base, said band and pro-- relative rotation thereof, and said band heing formed of soft 'metal.

I projectile A projectile havingaj detachable base formed with a circumferential screw-thread and a' soft metal band screwed on said base.

8. A projectile comprising a cylindrical body having a bore open atmlts rear," said opening being of substantially the same: diameter'as'the bore,'and a base adapted to close said opening and having 'a wide ex terior flan e surrounding the rearof the ody andfextendin forwardly thereon, the outer diameter 0 said flan being substantially that of the 'project s" jectile, an

.said projectile.- I 11. A

war v p the rearpftheprojecti'le body, andsald-pro- I 95 a rear, and said hea larger dlameter than the bore of body, and a soft metal rotating band carried by. said projectile.

. '9. A pro ectile having-an interior ,bore

and an opening-at the rear of sai'dbore, and

a base to close said 0 ening, said basehaving a wide exterior ange surrounding the rear ofsaid projectile-and extending forwardly thereon, the outer diameter of said substantially that of the pro-' said flange being adapted to embrace substantially the entirerear end of theprojectile so as to reinforce the latter,'

flange bein and. a soft metal rotating band carried by said projectile 10. An explosive projectile formed in two parts" sa-id parts comprising a hollow. e lin drical body and a detachable b'ase,saifl base being connected with the body its rear end and (having a wlde flange extending forwardly over the projectile body,"

said fiange bein of substantially the same diameter. as sai body, and embracing sub-- stantially the entire rear end ofsaid body, and a soft metalrotating band carriedbyprojectile having a base, Saidbas having la central plug portion, a gircular head and an exterlor. flange projecti'iigffordly' from said head,'- and: surrounding ject-ilebody .havin ''a eurved-surface at: its

and flange being formed. to fit said surface.

and closing 12. A projectile having a meniber'ladapted to screw thereon, a set screw. adapted to .prevent unscrewing of said member, and a soft metal plugifittin .over'saidset.screwjnv 1 I 13. A projeotilehaving a rotatin ':band. of

e gun a the "lands of the rifling, said-band ada ted to be swaged rearwardlf lan s when "the rojectile is. fire intervening unrecessed portions, the latter action, and the mit powder. ases to expand said in thebore'of the gun are compensatedjor. 14 A projectile having ajpassage in communication with the interior thereof, a closure fittin' said passage, .-,and a plate formed of sti materialarranged at. the 'm I of'said band havingv a series of recesses with being adapted-to prevent closing of the' l'ecesses during such swagin former being ada ted to ad and, wherebyinequait1es terior joint between such closurennd projectile to prevent entrance of explosive be"-- tween such parts from the interior of the projectile.

15 'A projectile having a passagp in com munication with the""1nt er1or t,.ereof,' -':a

1 "cle screwing into su p a 'iilate f" ormed oi-stiif material forfreve'ntin the explosive from the interior-o such-pro yjectile fromentering between the'respectifve thr'eads o f closure and projectile.

16. A projectile having a passage in communication with the interior thereof, a closure fitting said passage, and a concave plate interposed between said closure and the body of the projectile.

l7. A. projectile having a'passage leading to *the interior thereof, a closure adapted to rotatively engage said projectile, meansbtween said closure and the body of said proj ectile body.

19. A projectile having a bore and ashoulrlcr surrounding the latter, a closure for said bore, anda plate formedof-stifi ma terial extending across said bore and pressed against said -shoulder by said closure.

20. A projectile having a bore, a closure therefor, a late extending across said bore inwardly of said closure and a fuse carried by said plate. I f a 21. A projectile having a bore, a closure therefor, a plate extending across the bore inwardly of. the closure, said plate being interposed between the closure and the body of the projectile, and 'a fuse carried by. said .ilate.

l 22. A projectile. having-a bore in its body,

base detachably connected therewith, a

e located between said base and bore extending across the latter, afuse car:

-by said plate, and 'a' rotating band v. inped between said .base and said proectile body.

'cated at the exterior 'ing contacting surfaces one 0 23. A projectile having a bore in its body, a base detachably connected therewith, a plate located between said base and and extending across the latter, a fuse car.- ried by said plate, and a rotating band clamped between said base and said projectile body, extending flange embracingthe rear of said projectile, and said rotating band being lojectile body and said flange.

bore

said base having .a forwardly joint between the prov and means independent of the projectile body and base for mounting a fuse within said base.

25. A projectile having a means for carrying a fuse, said means and projectile having surfaces fitting closely together, such contacting surfaces being so disposed with relation ..to the direction .ofmovement of such means in' removing it as to separate withoutundue fri'ction.

26. A projectile having a' means for carrying a fuse, said means and p'ro'ectile havwhich is tapered, whereby such means maybe Withdrawn without undue friction.-

27. A projectile having means for carrying a' fuse, said means and projectile having contacting surfaces, such surfaces. being tapered whereby such, means-may be with--- drawn without undue friction.

In witness whereof, I have. hereunto subscribing witnesses.

signed my name in the presence of two MICHAEL W. GILMARTIN.

Witnesses:

- EUGENE V. MYERs,

THEODORE SNELL.

. pies this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Washington. D. G.

Commissioner of Patents.