US985911A - Submarine or submersible boat. - Google Patents

Description

- 0i LAURENTI, SUBMA RINE 0R SUBMER'SIBLE BOAT.. APPLICATION FILED AIIG; 14, 1907.

Patented Mar. ,7, 1911.

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G. L AURENTI. SUBMARIN-E 0R SUBMERSIBLE BOAT.

I APPLICATION FILED AUG. 14, 1967. 985,91 1, Patented Mar.7,1911.

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' uWfl/Lf 0 LAURENTI SUBMARINE 0R SUBMERSIBLE BOAT. APPLIQATION FILED AUG. 14, 1907;

985,911, Patennea Mar. 7, 1911.

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CESARE naunnnrr, or sena e, ITALY, ASSIGNOR r socrn'm FIAT-SAN GIORGIO, or

. srnzm, ITALY.

STIBE'ZARINE OR SUBIY 'FRSIBLE BOAT.

' esaeii.

Patented Mar. 7, 1911.

To all whom it may con cum:

Be it known that I, GnsARE LAnnnNrI, of

Spezia, Italy, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inSubmarine or Submersible Boats, of which the following is afull,'clear, and exact specification.

In submarine or submersible boats the principal requirements that must be fulfilled in order to insure their acting properly, are: (a) That they shall oppose the smallest possible resistance to motion. (2)) That they present the highest possible reserve of buoyancy while on surface navigation. (0) That they keep the center of buoyancy high while the boat is fully submerged.

The types of submarine or submersible a boats in existence do not generally fulfil these requirements, without causing other inconveniences. These submarines or submersibles have the portions of their hulls which are designed to resist the high pressure of submersion round or oval in cross section, which makes their hull opposea considerable resistance to motion especially on surface navigation. In order to lessen this resistance, it has been .common to pro- Vide these circular shaped hulls with a super-structure, whichis either for the free circulation of water .or is filled or covered in the upper portion with some light material, such as cork, wood or the like, which serves both to give a certain power of buoyancy to the boat when on surface navigation and to keep'the center of buoyancy-as high as possible, while traveling under water. This expedient of a super-structurehowever, has annnfavorable effect on the lines of the hull and has a disturbing in-- coming to the surface.

The subject of this invention is a kind of hull for submarine or-submersible boats, by means of which the desired requirements are fulfilled without creating other disadvantages.

This invention-at the same time presents further improvements, by means of which greater advantages in the Working of the submarine or'submersible boats are secured.

fluence on the, operations of sinking and 40 invention.

Figure 1 .is a lateral elevation of the hull of a submarine or submersible boat in accordance witlr'the invention, Fig. 2 is a. 5 5 View from above. Fig. 3 a section along the.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the line w-m of Fig. 1. Figs. 1 and 5 show two different forms of the end of Fig. 1. Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are the corresponding sections along the lines yy, z2, and '0 'u of Figs. 1, 4: and 5. Fig. 9 represents a main cross section of Fig. 1 on a larger scale. Fig. 10 a variant of Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic View of the part of the hull which opposes resistance to the pressure of the water in correspondence with the main cross section. Figs. 12 and 13 represent diagram-- matically two sections, one of them in the vicinity of the bow and the second near the stern. I

The upper or decked part A, B, forms a flat deck which has an almost straight longitudinal profile as far as the commencement A of the stern, Fig. 1, where the part curves slightly in order to approach the water line. The bow C and the stern D run straight and vertically downward. and the under part of the hull E, F, has the profile ofa continuous curve. If, however, the boat is to be fitted with torpedo tubes, then the profile exhibits a'shouldered or ott'set portion G at the end of which are situated the mouths of the torpedo-tubes.

Figs. 1, 3 and 6 show the arrangement of a boat with two torpedo tubes. Figs. 4 and 7 the arrangement for a single tube. Figs.

5 and '8 the arrangement for three tubes.

The chief advantages of the peculiar shape of the ends of the boat just described is that, as can be seen especially in Fig. 3, there is no portion of the boats hull between the mouths of-the launching tubes, so that,

contrary to what happens in the knowntypes, there does not take place any increase or diminution of pressure at the mouths of the tubes during lateral movements of the boat, which phenomena are probable when the boat turns for the purpose of taking aim for iiring the torpedoes. In existing and known types of submarines or submersibles the part of the hull projecting over and-between the mouths of the torpedo tubes produces-an increase of pressure of water on the side toward which the boat is turning while a suction takes place on the opposite side, both of which phenomena greatly/disturb the safe exit and the proper after run of the torpedoes.

The structure of the boat which is intended to offer resistance to the pressure oi th'e'water when the boat is sunken, is diagrammatically represented in Fig. 11, and on a larger scale in Figs. Q'and 10, in come spondeuce with the principal cross section of the boat. It consists of a metallic framework composed of two elastic arches H, I. The ends of these arches are strongly connected at the points 1, 1, 2, 2, so as to form a rigid resistant system, which can be further strengthened by cross stays 3. The cross vertical stays 3 take up either the pressure or the strain, according to the deformations to which the hull is subjected: Around the periphery of the arches H, I are fixed the sheets which form the covering a, b 0. These sheets can be applied either to the upper convex surface of the arch H (as shown in Fig. 9} or to the concave part of the same arch H, as shown in Fig. 10. In this latter case the superior arch H reaches with its ends the outside of the boat, so that the latter is. less contracted and the inside of the hull remains more roomy and can be better utilized. Above the described strong part of the hull are arranged coffee dams, which are bounded on the lower side by the covering 6, a, and on the upper side by a sccondlight covering g, h, 2', this latter forming the upper deck of the boat A, B. Between the sheets a, Z), c, and the deck 9, 'h, 2', run two longitudinal beams L, M, to which are laterally fixed sheets 0, 0, so thatthe Walls 5,10, 2, 0, form a central air chamber which is isolated from the adjacent chambers included within the plates 42 c h g. The side coder-dams formed by the plates a, 0, .0, it, 9 are/provided at their upper part with hatches 4., 4:, and with valves 5 at their lowest part. These valves 5 can be operated by hand by means of the rods 6.

l /hen the boat has been made ready to sink then the hatches 4t, 4, and valves 5 are opened, but there is no communication between the central coilerdam b 0 i 0 and the side cofferdams. The line of flotation of the boat in hernormal surface trim is (Figs. 9 and 10) in X, Y, via: lower than the upper'part of arch l, and sheets 0 Z) c.

W'hen the valves 5 are opened the two upper side chambers fill automaticallyas the boat sinks and are automatically emptied as the boat returns to the surface. The valves 5 are suificient in number to effect this result. The hatches l permit the escape of air as the water enters upon submerging and the return of the air as the water leaves upon emerging. This automatic filling and emptying of the super-structure results. in the condition that the super-structure does not afford any substantial or material reserve of buoyancy when the boat is sinking, since when the ballast tanks are filled the water runs in substantially as fast as the boat sinks, so that submergence is not materially delayed. 0n the other hand upon emerging the water runs out substantially fast as the blowing of the ballast tanks would ordinarily bring it to the surface, so that the super-structure does not add any material dead weight or displacement to the boat in emerging. In other words, the super-structure in its preferred form is a negligible factor or nearly so in the operation of emerging and submerging. When in surface running condition, however, the buoyancy of the hull of the boat is sufiicient to carry the superstructure well out of'water. In'a heavy seaway in surface running condition the superstructure adds a certain amount of buoyancy even though its valves 5 are open, provided hatches 4- are closed, since a certain amount of air is thus imprisoned in the super-structure and in a heavy sea adds to the buoyancy of the boat in the condition. If it is desired to add further to the factor of buoyancy of the boatthe valves 4 and 5 are closed,'so that the super-structure is watertight. Under these circumstances a large, positive factor of buoyancy is added to the boat, as much in ordinary practice as or v percent. At the same time this factor of buoyancy may be at once neutralized by opening the valves 4 and 5, whereupon as before stated the boat submerges and emerges practically as rapidly as though the super-structure were not present. It will be understood that the super-structure may be divided longitudinally as shown in the drawing, but that it should not be divided transversely. It is practically necessary that the water within the super-structure be given opportunity tofiow substantially freely from end to end.

It will clearly appear how itis possible with a proper calculation of the volume of colder-dams to make the reserve of flotation of the boat while engaged in surface navigation as great as that of any ordinary ship. The central Coffer-dam b, 0, 2', 0, remains always free from the water, and is used for the following purposes. 1. To make the diminution of the surface of buoyancy gradual with the sinking ofthe boat; via: to produce the gradual reduction of the metacentric height, and thus facilitate the longitudinal setting of. the boat during the period of submergence. 2. To raise the center of buoyancy of the boat so as to assure to the same a greater metacentric height during submersion, without necessitating.

any super structures which would unfavorably influence the simplicity of the boats lines and increase its resistance to motion. 3. To assist in strengthening the upper part of the hull of the submarine or submersible boat by making the resistance of the longitudinal beams L, M, as Well as that of the deck covering g, h, 2', Z, m, and the arches which support the deck covering work together in support the above mentioned deck. The lowest part of the boat contains at R, S,

I hollow superstructure above said hull, saidhaving torpedo tubes,

estp'n (Figs. 9 10) the ordinary tanks for admit-- tingand discharging the water ballast during. the submerging or emerging operations. What I claim is v 1. In a submarine or submersible boat, a hull having an arched upper side, and having an upper hollow cofi'er-dam. formed-by trussed arches inseparably connected with the "superior part of the hull itself, and which coflerdam forms a. continuous part of the hull and cooperates to give to said hull a greater strength against pressure while submerged. i

-2. In a submarine or submersible boat, a series of transverse frames adapted to resist the pressure of thewater and composed each of two elastic arches connected at their ends by rigid joints and constituting the entire ei-iphery of the frame, a cofferdam supported by these frames and forming the upper part of the hull, said cotter-dam beingadapted to remain empty while the boat-is traveling at the surface so as to give the boat a high reserve of buoyancy Without interfering with the operations of submerging and emerging.

3. 'In a submarine or submersible boat a hull the longitudinal profile of which exhibits a shoulder at least at one end, the mouths of said torpedo tubes being" arranged horizontally alongside of each other and coinciding withi the said shoulder sons to avoid having any part of the hull betweenathe mouths of the torpedo. tubes;

. erateamers .or'submersible bbat, a

hull inzwliich is'an 'uppercoifer-dam, and a :cmtral sma'ller longitudinal coifer dam inclosed in. said-upper .coifer-dam, said central #0 eofiei'sdam adapted to remain empty so as to:- lieepthfi center of buoyancy as high as 'possible":when-theboatis traveling under r'vateiz: f

.'5 ii-submarineor submersible boat having a -hnll,iballa st tanks in said hull, and a hullandsuper-structure having openings to the exterior of such area as to freely admit water to said super-structure when the boat submerges and permit the same to freely escape when the boatcemerges, saidhull havmg such ameasure of buoyancy that when said ballast tanks are empty and said openings are" open, the hull will rise to such an extentms-tobring, substantially all of said super-structure above the surface of the water and cause it to free itself automatica-lly of substantially all of the water in said superstructure, and said, superstructure being constructed to permit a free flow of water therein substantially from: end to end.-

6. 'Ai submarine orfsubmeisible boat having. a hull,ballast tanks insaid hull, and a hollow superstructure above said hull,.sa id hull-and super-structure having; openings to the exterior of such area as to freely admit water to said super-structure when the boat submerges and'permit the same to freely escape when the boat emerges, said hull having such a measure of buoyancy that when said ballast tanks are empty and said openings are open, the hull will rise to such an extent as to bring'substantially all of said super-structure above the surface of the water and cause it to freeitself automatically of substantially all of the water in said super-structure, and said super-structure being constructed to permita free flow of water therein substantially from end to end, and means for closing the openings in said super-structure.

A submarine or submersible boat having a hull, ballast tanks in said hull, and a hollow super-structure above said hull, said hull and super-structure having openings to structed to permit a free flow of water there -in substantially from end to end, and said hull and superstructure being rounded on their upper sides.

8. Asnbmarine or submersible boat havi a hull, ballast tanks in said hull, and a ho oa -superstructure above said 'hull, said hull and superstructure having openings to the exterior of such area as to freely admit water to said super-structure when the boatsnbmerges and permit the same to .freely escape when the boat emerges, said hull having such a measure of buoyancy that when said ballast tanksare empty and said openings are open, the-hull will rise to such an extent as to bring substantially all of said super-structure above the surface of the water and cause it to free itself automati:

cally of substantially'all of the water in said super-structure, and said superstructure being constructed to permit a free flow of and said openingsbeing located substantially at the bottom of said super-structure.

9. A submarine or submersible boat having'a hnll,ballast tanks in said hull, and a hollow super-structure above said-hull, said 125 the exterior of such area as tofreely admit hull and super-structure havi'ng'openings to water to said super-structure when the boat submerges and permit the same tofreel escape. when the boat eme said hul having such a measure of uo yancy that water'therein substantially from end to end,

when said ballast tanks are empty and said openings are open, the ball will such an extent as to bring substantially all of said superstructure above the surface of the water and cause it to free itself automatically of substantially all of the water in said super-structure, and said super-structure being constructed to permit a free flow of water therein substantially from end to end, and said super-structure being divided longitudinally to form a central water-tight 10; A submarine or submersible boat having a hull, ballast tanks in said hull, and a hollow superstructure above said hull, said hull and super-structure having openings to the exterior of such area as to freely admit water to said superstructure .when the boat submerges and permit the same to freely escape when the boat emerges, said hull having such a measure of buoyancy that when said ballast tanks are. empty and said openings are open,.the hull will rise to such an extent as to bring substantially all of said super-structure above the surface of the water and cause it tofree itself automatically of substantially all of the water in said super-structure, and said super-structure being constructed to permit a free flow of water therein substantially from end to end and said super-structure having air vent openings at the top thereof.

11. A. submarine or submersible boat having a normal surface running water line and having ballast tanks of a capacity to submerge the boat when filled,-and to emerge it to said. water line when emptied, and having a hollow smaerstructnre on its upper side, and openings in said super-structure approximately at said water line, said openings being of such area that when said tanks are filled the exterior water enters said sui per-structure so rapidly that the latter adds no reserve of buoyancy suflicient to materially retard submergcnce and said superstructure being constructed to permit the free flow of water therein substantially from end to end.

12. A subu'iarine or submersible boat having a normal surface running water line and havingballast tanks ofa capacity to submerge the boat when filled, and to emerge it to said water line when emptied, and having a hollow super-structure on its upper side, and openings in said super-structure approximately at said water line, said openings being of such area that when said tanks are emptied when the boat is submerged the water escapes from said super-structure so rapidly that the contained water adds no dead weight or displacement sufiicicnt to materially retard emergence and said superstructure being constructed to permit the free flow of water therein substantially from end to end.

rise to.

13. A submarine or submersible boat hav side, and openings in said super structurc" t approximately at. said water line, said openmgs being of such area that when said tanks are filled the exterior water enters said su-- per-structure rapidly that the latteradds no reserve of buoyancy sufiicient to materially retard submergence, and said openv ings being of. such area that when said tanks are emptied when the boat is-submerged the water escapes from said super-structure so I rapidly that the contained water adds no dead weight or displacement sufficient to materially retard emergence and said superstructure being eonstructedto permit a free flow of water therein substantially from I cnd'to end.

'14. A submarine or submersible boat havling a normal surface running water line, and havin ballast-tanks of a capacity to submerge t 1e boat when filled, and to emerge it to said water line when emptied, and having a hollow super-structure on its upper side,- and openings in said super-structure I approximately at said water line, said openings being of such area that when said tanks are filled the exterior water enters said super-structure so rapidly that the latter adds no reserve of buoyancy sufiicient to materially retardisubmer'gence and said super I structure being constructed to permit the free flow of water therein substantially from I end to end, and means for closing said openings. l 15. A submarine or submersible boat hav- I ing a normal surface running Water line, and having ballast tanks of a capacity to l submerge the boat when filled,- and to emerge I it to said water line when emptied, and having'a hollowsuper-structure on its upper side, and openings insaid super-structure approximately at said water line, said open-' ings being of such area that tanks are emptied .when the boa-t is' sub? merged the water escapes from said superstructure so rapidly that the contained water adds no dead weight or-displacement sufficient to materially retard emergence, and 1 means for closing said openings. l 16. A submarine or submersible boat havwhen said ing a normal surface running water line,

ter'adds no reserve of buoyancy sufficient to materially retard submergence, and said opei'lings being of'such area'that when said tanks are emptied when theboat is. submerged the water escapes from said super,-

structure so rapidly that the contained wator adds'no dead weight or displacement sufiiclent to materially retard emergence and said superstructure being Constructed to permit a free flow of water therein substautially froln end to end, and means for closing said openings.

17. A submarine or submersible boat having a normal surface running water; line,

and having ballast tanks of a capacity to submerge the boat when filled, and to said Water line when emptied,"

emerge it to and having a hollow super-structure on its upper side, and openings in said superstructure approximately at said waterline, said openings being of such area that when said tanks are filled the exterior water enters said super-structure so rapidly that the latter. adds no reserve of buoyancy sufiicient to materially retard submergence, and said openings being of such area that when said tanks are emptied when the boat is submerged the water escapes from said superstructure so rapidly that'the contained water adds no dead Weight or displacement sufficient to materially retard emergence and said superstructure being constructed to permit a free flowyoi water therein substantially from end to .end, the hull of said boat being rgunded on its upper side "and said super-structure being also rounded.

structure so rapidly that mate ly at the water line when the boat is 1nsurface.running condition.

19. A submarine or submersible boat 18. A submarine or submersible boat having ballast tanks of a capacity to submerge the boat when tilled, and to emerge it to said Water line when emptied, and having a hollow super-structure on its upper side,

and openings in said superstructure, said openings being of such area that when said tanks are filled the exterior water enters said super-structure so rapidly that the lat-- ter adds no reserve of buoyancy sufiicient to materially retard submergence and said openings bein-gof such area that when said tanks are emptied when the boat is submerged the water escapes from said'superthe contained water adds no d'ea'd'weight or displacement sufficient to and said supeustmoture being constructed to permit afree fiow of water therein substantially from end to end, =said superstructure haviug its lower portion's'approm' ing a normal surface running Water line said Water line and openings into said superstructure at least partially above said Water line, said openings being adapted tb admit materially retard emergence and having a hollow super-structure above water automatically into the interior of said super-structure when the boat submerges and to discharge water automatically substantially completely from the interior of said superstructure when the buoyancy of the hull brings the boatto such s'uri ac'e running waterline, said super-structure being constructed to permit the free flow of water therein substantially from end to end.

20. A submarine or submersible boat having a normal surface running water line and having a hollow super-structure above said water line openings into said super-v structure at least partially above said Water line, said openings being adapted to admit water automatically into the interior of said super-structure when the boat submer es and to discharge water automatically and substantially completely from the interior of said super-structure when the buoyancy of the hull brings the boat to such surface automatically into the interior of said superstructure when' the boat submerges and to discharge water automatically and substantially "completely from the interior of said super-structure when the buoyancy of the hull brings the boat to such surface running water line, said super-structure being con-.

structed to permit the free flow of Water therein substantially from end to end, and means forclosing said openings and air vents in the top of said super-structure.

22. A submarine'or submersible boat having a normal surface running water line, and having a hollow superstructure above saidwater line openings into said superstructure at least partially above said water" line, said openings being adapted to admit water automatically into the interior of said superstructure when the boat submerges L and to discharge Water automatically from the interior of said superstructure when the boat emerges, and the hull of said boat hat mg a flattened arched top and said superstructure sloping gradually to the sldes and meeting the same near said-water liner 23. In a submarine or submersible boat; I

main-=hull, a super-structure above said main hull, and a trussed arch forming a part of the framework of said main hull and located within said super-structure.

24. In a submarine or submersible boat, a main hull, a super-structure above said r'nain hull, and a trussed arch .ffkllfilllg part of theframeworh of 3m and located within said superstructure, the sheeting of the deck of 'the'main hull being connected to the under side of said arch.

25.- A submarine or submersible boat having a'hull, and a superstructure above said hull, said superstructure having openings to the exterior through which water may enter freely into the interior of the super-- structure, and discharge automatically and substantially completely therefrom, and said boat having a normal surface-running water line, and having ballast tanks of a capacity to submerge the boat when filled and to emerge it to said water line when emptied, and said openings being approximately at said water line in surface-running, and said hull when in surface-running trim having a V substantial reserve buoyancy, whereby a masubstantially completely therefrom, and said boat having a normal surface-running water line,and having ballast tanks of a capacity to submerge the boat when filled and to emerge it to said water line when emptied,

and said openings being approximately at said water line in surface-running and said hull when in surface-running; trim having a portion extending upwardly above such water line into such superstructure, where by the longitudinal stability of the boat is increased.

27. A submarine or submersible boat having a hull, and a superstructure above said hull, said superstructure having openings to the exterior throu h which water may enterfreely into the interior of the super structure, and discharge automatically-and substantially completely therefrom, and said boat having a normal surface-running water line, and having ballast tanks ofa capacity to submerge the boat when filled andto emerge it to said water line'when emptied, and .said openings being approximately fat said water line in surface-running and said hull when in surface-running trim having a Gopies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner at Patents.

y esaeu portion extending upwardly above such water line into such superstructure, whereby the longitudinal stability or the boat is increased, and said portion being of arched form, whereby water drainage from the superstructure is facilitated.

28. A submarine or submersible boat hav ing a hull, and a superstructure above said hull, said superstructure having openings to the exterior through which water may enter-freely into the nterior of the superstructure, and discharge automatically and substantially completely therefrom, and said boat having a normal surface-running water line, and having ballast tanks of a capacity to' submerge the boat when tilled and to emerge it to said water linewhen emptied, .and said openings being approximately at said water line in surface-running and said hull when in surfacerunning trim having a portion extending upwardly above such water line intosuch superstructure and said superstructure bein longitudinal stability of the'boat is increased.

29. A submarine or submersible boat having a hull, and a superstructure above said hull, said superstructure having openings to the exterior through which water may enter freely into the interior of the superstructure, and discharge automatically and substantially completely therefrom, and said boat having a normal surface-running water line, and having ballast tanks of a capacity to submerge the boat when filled and to emerge it to said water line when emptied, and said 0 enings beingapproxiniately at rounded, whereby the l said water ine 1n surface-running and said hull when in surface-running; trim having a portion. extending ,upwardly' above such water line intosuch superstructure, and said superstructure being-rounded, whereby the longitudinal stability ot'the boat is increased, and said portion being of arched form, whereby water drainage from the superstructure is-facilitated.

In witness whereofil have hereunto signed my name in the presence of-two subscribing witnesses. R .7

CESARE LAURENTH. Witnesses G. Ann, 4 A. Earner;

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