US984128A - Electric-lighting system. - Google Patents

Description

E. M. PITZ.

ELECTRIC LIGHTING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED 113.13, 1909.

' Patented Feb. 14,1911.

- 5 SHEETS-SHEET l.

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v E. 'M.,FITZ. ELECTRIC LIGHTING SYSTEM. APPLIGAQYION FILED FEB.13, 1909.

Patented Feb. 14. 1911.

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ATTORNEX B. M. FITZJ ELECTRIC LIGHTING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION PILEDFEB. 13, 1908.

Patented Feb. 14.1911.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

E. M. PITZ. ELECTRIC LIGHTING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION TILED FEB-13, 19Q9.

Patented Feb. 14, 1911.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4 INVENTUR WITNESSES:

JTTORNEK UNITED sin PATENT OFFICE.

ERVIN M. FITZ, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO.

ELECTRIC-LIGHTING SYSTEM.

984,128. Specification of Application filed Fehruary 1 To'aZZ whom it moi concern:

Be it known that I, EIWIN ll/L Frra, a

citizen] of tlie' United States, residing in the "city of Colun'ihus,"county of Franklin, and

5 Stateof Ohio, have invented an Improved Electric -Ligl'iting System.

Myinvention is an electric lighting system "comprising incandescent lamps connected with a source or sources of electric energy by fl-"(llSb-l'lblltlOll system or systems which supply high Voltage current for the purpoc' ot illumination when the lamps are in serviiceIan'gl low voltage current for the pur- .,pose of otecting the filaments when the 'laiiips are'oiit offservice.

It wellQknown 'fact that the filament of incandescent lamps, especially the high eifi'ciency types, such as those having tantalum or tungsten; filaments, are very fragile 2o arid hrittle'when/cold or not in use, and it iswell"established, that such high efliciency 1 ps, rene ;usec1., m-e readily destroyed bration or shock when unlighi ecb which renders their use unsatisfactory in" mills,

warehouses, :t'rei'ghthouses, railway stations,

car-s, loconrotives and places generally suh jectto 'i-"ilirations and jars. llheir fragile churacterand destructihility when cold 'iave prevented the use of electric incandescent lamps, tlnrtfaije. economical of current, particularly an locomotives, cars and trains, coi'is t'antly subject to jars. v

A leading oliject of my invention is-to provide} for the 'protection', by simple and electrical'means, of the fragile efliclency lamp filaments and rendcr cahleftheir use for'train lighting, with c tilting improved"quality of light and -reiluction of cost of operation and mainte 0 n'ztiicc. The ree "or high elficiency lamps,

thus made practicable, requires a1r=eXpei1diis if e the rigs: (if 'triii ht stb tel on a n of n 3 batteries for Le Patent- Patented Feb. 14, 1911.

a, 1909. Serial No. 477,531,

filaments at a temperature suflicient to ren der them tough or ductile and keep them' from breaking can be effected hy'circuits controlled by thl't-fi-Wfliy switches which, respectively, in one position give the corresponding lamps normal current of say'lIO volts and ampere or 30 volts and ampere, and in another position give the reduced current required for keeping the filaments hot of say 10 volts and ampere or 2 volts 4 and ampere, it being necessary of course to determine the requisite low voltage and correspending-low amperage necessary to effect] the hot condition or secure the tempera- 79, turo requisite tolnaintain the filaments in the desired pliable and tough state. "The low voltage for maintaining the filaments hot While the lamps are out of. service can be secured from either the main or n inde pendent source of supply, as from one i or two battery cells either independent or "a part of the storage batteries employed tor supplying the current when the lamps are in service, or otherwise as by using the low'so voltage connection ona transformer, or-byintroducing fixed resistance. This system has been shown by practical tests under the conditions of actual service to prolong the burning life of the lamps from four to five times the eight hundred hour lite usually stipulated by lamp manufacturers. This prolongeddife' under stood 'to be due to the elimination of the extreme contraction of the filament which 9o results in a tungsten lamp when the full voltage current is cut off. The coeflicient of expansion and contraction of the tungsten filament is comparatively large and hence when, as in. the usual operation, the lampis 9 turned out and the filament becomes cold it is subjected tothe extreme conditions whicli resultin its destruction and which conditions are avoided by the present system or; maintaining the filamenthot,

als and operating' e with resulting renew great saving 1' employed in 'provi ing an str ibiit-ing current "iii the pra'c m tied iiithe acon i- 1 the folldn ri dedi. improvements are speci pram-11g drawings ie'reof.

v 4 itiidiig', nn atic representation i adir'ebinp (hire in (emulsions-- The electrical lnaintenai tery of sixteen cells connected in series for supplying both the high and low voltage; Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of a three point switch suitable'for controlling the respective circuits; Fig; 3 is a diagram mat-ic representation of three lamp circuits in combination with a storage battery for supplying the high voltage and-a primary battery for supplying the low voltage; Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic representation of circuits combined with a storage battery having cells charged in series and discharged in parallel, with a constant connection to the low Voltage circuit; Fig. 5' is a diagrammatic representation of circuits and storage battery cells connected so that they can be charged in series and discharged inparallel with the 'low voltage circuit constantly protecting the lamps; Fig. 6 represents a layout in-which provision is made for effecting theparallel discharging and series charging the cells, including the source of low-voltage current which is in series in one high voltage current and rendering it imible tocharge while the lamps are burnmg, with means for supplying the low voltage current to thelamps at all times when the lamp switches arese't therefor; and Fig. 9 is a further layout arranged for series charging and parallel discharging with current constantly on the lamps.

The system, in the several forms represented in the drawings, comprises lamp circuits A}, A and A respectively containing the switches B B and B and the auxilla circuits (1 ,0 and C respectively contro led by these switches The circuits A A andA have. the common conductors A and A containing the respective protecting fuses a, and a on opposite'sicles of the lamps L and Z and between the fuse a and the respective switches, for further protection are the fuses a a and (1 these circuits being designed to carry the current desired fol-lighting the lamps. The circuits C C and (I have the common conductors C containing the fuse c'and are designed to carry current sufficient. only to heat the lamp filaments'sufiiciently 'to-keep them tough, as to acherry col-or.'

- The switches B B and serve to makeand break the main circuits and the a-uxih iary circuits alternately, the conductor 2) beingthrown into contact with the points I) lndb vtomake-the main circuit and break the auxiliary circuit and into contact with two vol ts.

the points 7) and bto make the. auxiliary circuit and break the main circuit.

In the arrangements represented in Figs. 1 and 2, the storage battery sections D and- Dflconnected by the conductor D, consist of sixteen cells in series, representingthirty- The cells .are charged by means of the positive conductor E and negative conductor E through the respective conductors E and E -containing the protecting fuses e and 6 The charging lines E and E are connected by the respective conductors and E with the positive train line conductor E and the negative train line conductor- E the train lines having the return wire E The conductors E and E are connected respectively with the conductors A. and A through which the entire voltage of the batteries is carried to light the lamps, when the switches clo-se the main circuits and open the auxiliary circuits.

In Fig. 1, the auxiliary circuits have the conductor C connected with the battery so that two cells will supply current to the lamps so that four bolts pass therethrough and return by the conductors E and E when the switches are in position to close the auxiliary circuits and open the main circuits.

In Fig. 3, the conductor C is tapped onto the conductor E and contains the two primary cells F which provide the. current for the auxiliary circuit in lieu of the two cells of the storage battery as in Fig. 1.

In Fig. 4, a switch G has the point g 'connected with the conductor A, the point 9 connected with the conductor E joining the lines E and E the point 9 connected with the conductor E joining the lines E and E and connected with theconductor A, the points gand 9 connected with the conductor E which is connected with the sixteen cell battery section D?, and the point g connected with the conductor E which is connected with the sixteen cell battery section D; the battery sect-ion D being connected' through the conductor E containing the fuse c .with the conductor E and .the-

battery section Dtbeing connected through the conductor E containlng the fuse e wlth the conductor 1*). The switch G has its points g and 9 connected when itisdesired to charge the battery sections, upon which the latter are connected and charged in serles through the1r connections with the wires E and E g connections closed the auxiliary circuits re- E, E? and E. \Vhen the switch G has con nected the point 9 with the points g and g and the point 9 with the point 9'', the battery sections discharge in parallel to the conductor A through their respective connec- During chargin with their switch I tions Efllil und E from the section Di, and w from theseet lo'n D the return from the dnctor Ei Q In Fig. switch H hes the point h connected with the main conductor 7 A, the 'Joints 1 5, until? coilnected with the conduc- 1 ;E hiel'1joins the eondu"ctor'E with the conductor 1*), the point if connected with the neinconductoiwi {1nd connects the 1 conehicthr: 3 E and E the points h and h eo'nneeteti itfith the conductor E which is cim net zt eci with the sixteen eel battery sec- 'j'tioliD f-g thepoint it? connected with the conduc'tofE which isjjeonnected with the sixi l'teeneell hatterylsection D and the point 727 .theYehxiliarjtrircuit "conductor C which is [tapped ontot wooells of the battery section ID; lt Wii1 "be seen-that in this layout the flow Voltage or auxiliary circuits wiilahvays ",pifotectthe lamps. When the switch H is i in"snch position that the point it isconneeteci V with thjpointh" and the point in is con- "iiiectedfwfith: the vpoint k for charging the bette y, the sections thereof are charged in ser ies't hroughfthe conductor E conductor 1E ooiita'lnlng the t'tise (3 section. '1); congliietor Ef section'Dfleonmiuctor E? containiIigf the. insec 'and conductor Simultaneolisliv'cu'iient s supplied from two cells (2 voltage is supplied t the ,off'the p IQBS" of their; switches 'YV hen the s itChL H ,isin snch position thzit the Pointfi is connec teci with the point h gthe teiy secti iii' discharge in parallel to main lan 'fgcireuit conductor A, with esetjmm is coijinected by the con-- zinci' connected points 71.

nts 7L miii 1 1- connected my-" 6f thelcondnetor 11, connected flIldiE iO the section D nected with the lamp-circuit conductor A,

conductor 1E the point 56* 2011 ,7 enema coiidncthi'I-" U being eti'ected thiongh ithef'con v. v W l 1 Qimected' hythe comm or E withitl'ie hzittery se ti De' mnduemrs anti E* with the battery mm D lt willhe observed that the op:

ziiliery' eii'eiiits "which aresnpplieti indef pendentiyWheiivtheitnnp switches are Lnithe' With'the eohdnctor E which is connectedf which is connected by the conductor C Wi th f ducter Eeg'emmected points IP and ht," (2611-,

1th the 'cofi'dnctots C-and C whereby low lamps regardless lg? cornieete'ct witi'i the point 7, and the point lit'j connecte d with thepoint it, the

lieisection 13 -103 the conductoic 'ahd connected. points 11 he" etnrnl tom the conctnctorA be ts]? and i ent't conductor E to the 21nd byway ofthe' coi'iductors 15",

thphintsifand connected With the ooh; vhioh connects the con (in ct or E "eeted jyiththe congh ctor E which c0115v nects the conductor E with the conductor E mm is conneeteti with the conductor At, the

points it ahtl V E with the sixteen .ceH bettery-seetion D Tiv'o cells (3* ei'e'connecte'dinthe auxiliary circhits 'con'iprising the eondn'ctorSC, C C C C entity, the t".'\ 'o' latter-being tapped "onto the return conductor E? "which is" cone:

"neeted through the conductors end (1* with the two cells forming'the'iowvoltage battery section. "\t'hemhe switch is'in position to connect the points 2' and @fth' bat,- te'ry sections Wilt be connected in series and in charging crii'rent flows from the co'nduc- 1 tor E through conductor E 'containing the fuse e section Diconfdnctor "E points *2' and. '21, conductor 'E,;section 13*, conductor, 1* containing the fuse (3 tothe conductoi' E ivhen the switch I 'is'"'iiifsnch position that'the points i and 6 5 15 anti i z"= and 2' are respectively eoi'mectechthe hn'ttei'y sections are connectedjin pzi'rziiiei' with the conductor A of the temp circuits, upon wvhioh the section D aiseimrgesjthrmigh the conductors E, E, E and the connected points i enci '21 and the sction D diselmi'ges through the conductorll connected points 41 and 15 conductor and connected points 1? and' i; the retnrn from the eoncliictor A? taking place through the conditctofs'Et, connected pointed. and i" and con'dnctor E to the section D and through thecomiuctors E, E and E to the section. D; Whilethe the conductor E is carried by the conductor C to and. charges the eeils (1*. Vhen the lamp switches are turned ofl" the ce iis tlf discharge current through the conductor C and the circnits'ij 3 from theconductors'li, and C a s desciihed.

In Fig. 7, the switch Jhasjthe fpoint 7' connected with the condiic'tof A, the'point i connected with the conchi'etoifgEt f which is innecte'ci by the condnctor' Q1151 G9, the return being i connected with the battery sectionD, the

point j connected with conductor which. eonnuects the battery; section "D through the continctors'E man with the conductor E, the point j connectedhy the conductor E with the"hette1 y,'section D the point'y' connected with the conductor E winch "connects the condi ctoi's T1 the point 7'" which is cbiinecteti his the conductor E through the" fuse p with the battery scction D the point jwhichf con-' neeted with the conductor Eff, the point 55 which isconnected with zhemn nmmr' E {ind the points am it connectecifivifth the conductor U which istzippeci onto th ehuxih heated with two eilsci which! see cotin ected of the niainfe eils 0t the-section" when the switch in posit on to pass high eltage cells (Z will not discharge. Hence the source of energy for the auxiliary circuits will have an extended capacity. That is to say, when the switch J is in such position as to connect the respective points 7' and j j and f, 1' and j, current from the conductor E will flow-through the conductor E battery section D conductor E connected points 3' and j conductor E, inain battery section I D, conductor E connected points j and j, conductors C and C, cells clfland con ductor C to the conductor E and when the switch J 1s m such position as to connect thc'respective points j and j and ya it and 7, f and'y', the main conductor A will receive current from the battery section D through the conductors E E}. E and the I connected points j and j and from the inain cells of the battery section D through the conductor E and connected points j and j; the return front the conductors A" and E being by way of the connected points 7' and through the conductor E to the section D and by way of the connected points j and 7' through the conductor E to the main cells of the battery section DH In Fig. 8, the switch K has the point 7; connected with the main conductor A, the point 11 connected with the conductor E connected through the conductor s E and E with the battery section D the point 7: connected .with the conductor A which is connected with the low voltage cells (P, the point it connected with the conductor E which is connected with the main cells of the section D*, the point connected with the conductor E, the point 7: connected with the conductor C which is' connected with the cells (Z and the point 7c connected with the conductor E joining the conductors E and E The battery, sections and D, connected by the conductor D, are

' charged and discharged in series. 'lVhen the main sections of the battery are discharging through the lamps, the cells-(Z are cut out of series therewith and at the same time the cells (2* are connected up with the auxiliary rircuits so that by operating the lamp switches B 13 and B either the normal or low voltage current can be passed through the. lamps. lVhen the batteryis charging,

. being cut off from the high or normal voltage lanip circuits, the low voltage circuits receive discharge from the low voltage cells (Z Hence the lamps are protected under all conditions.- i That is .to. say, when the switch Kis in such position that the respective points I: and Zr and vZ2 712 and is are connected, current from the conductor E flows through the conductor E, section D, conductor 1), section D, conductor E connected points A? and k conductor G, cells d conductor A9, connected points k and I09, and conductor E connected with the point Ia and with the conductor E At the'salne time, low \-'oltage current flows through the conductors A or C to the lamps, depending upon the position of the-lamp switches.

When the switch K is in such position that the point- 7: is connected with the 'point In and the point if is connected with the point.

71: the battery sections D and D dischar e throughthe conductors Ei, 135E, points 1 and k to the conductor A, while the" return from the conductor A" is through the points and 7c and the conductor E fi, .At the m, whereupon current flows froni the conduc tor E through the conductor E", connected points m and m}, conductor E battery section D, conductor E connected points m and m, conductor E battery section D conductor E connected points m and m and m, conductor C, cells cl" and conductor C to conductor E Simultaneously part of the current flows from the point m by way of the point at through the conductor A or from the point m by ,way of the conductor C through the switches .13, B and B and the .lamps L and l returning through the conductors A" and E to the conductor E For discharging, the switch M has connected its points at and-m and m, m and m m and m lVith the lights on current now flows from the battery section D through the conductor E connected points m and m and m to the conductor A and from the battery section D through the conductor E and the connected points at and m and m to the conductor A, thence through the switches B B? 811(1'13 and the lamps L and Z, returning by'the conductors A and tor E to battery section D and connected points wa and m? and conductor E to battery section D. Vith the lights otf,'the low voltage current flows from the I cells '61 through the conductor C, switches B B and B and lamps L and 'Z, returning by the conductors A and E, to cells d. I

Having described my invention, I claim:

1. In an electriclighting system, a source.

of electric energy, a circuit connected therewith and containing an incandescent lamp having a filament brittle when cold and tough when heated,and means whereby'a lighting currentand alternately therewith E, connected points m and 922 andconduca heating current insuflicient for producing incandescence are passed through sa d lamp,

.for the purpose" specified.

2. In an* electric lighting system, battery cells, connected therewith a clrcuitcontain-' ing a high efliciency incandescent lamp having a filament brittle when cold and tough 1 when heated, and means whereby normal Voltage current for lightin '10 maintained alternately on passed alternately through said lamp, said,

andlower voltage current, insufficient For lighting, are said lamp, said means comprising a main circuit, an auxiliary circuit, and a switch closing and opening said circuits alternately.

3. In an electric lighting'systeln, a circuit containing an incandescent lamp, and means whereby a'normal Voltage lighting current and a lower Voltage heating current are means comprising battery cells and connect ons for placing dliferent numbers of said cells 1n circuit with sa d lamp to supply said diiferent Voltages therefor.

4. In an electric lighting system, storage, battery cells, a lamp,

a main circuit contain ing switching mechanism for connecting said cells with said; lamp and supplying a lighting current therefor, and an auxiliary circuit controlled by said switching mechanism for connecting a part current, insnflicient for lighting.

- 5.- In' an electric lighting system, a main 5 1 circuit containing an incandescent lamp having a filament brittle when cold and tough when hot, an auxiliary circuit, switching mechanism for connecting said lamp in said main and auxiliary circults alternately, battery' cells for: supplying a lighting current toisaid main circuit, and battery cells for" of said cells. withsaid lamp and supplying thereto a-heatinga are supplied with eitl controlled by said switching mechanis1n,.a

circuit for charging said cells, and switch ing mechanism whereby said charging cir cu1t'1s connectedwith said main clrcuit.

7. In an electric llghtlng system, a main circuit, anauxiliary circuit, a switch adapted for interrupting said a lamp or lamps, lighting current circuits alternately, and means for supplying a and a lower heating current to said lamp or lamps by said main and aux iliary circuits respectively in different posi tions of sand switch.

8.-In an electric lighting system, storage battery cells, charging and discharging eircults for said cells, swltch mechanism where by said cells are char edin series and dis-v charged in parallel, a lamp or lamps adapted to be lighted 'by said discharging circuit, an auxiliary circuit, battery cells adapted for discharging a heating current through said auxiliary circuit, and switch mechanism for alternately making and breaking said first named discharging circuit and said aux- 1l1ary clrcuit, whereby said lamp or lam s' heating current.

In wltness whereof I have hereunto set my name this 8" day of February, the presence of the subscribin 1909, in witnesses.

' EItVI M. FITZ. Witnesses:

W. 0. HniqnnnsoN, BERTHA M. CARROLL.

ersaid lighting or sa d

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