US981210A - Automatic firearm. - Google Patents

Description

r. M. MENTEYNB a 1=. A. DBGAILLB.

l AUTOMATICI FIBBARM. .LPPLIOATIOH FILED 001.20. 1909.`

Patented Jan. 10,1911.

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`AUTOMATIC `FIREARM. PPLIOATIONTILED 0111.20, 1909.

Patented Jan. 10, v1911.

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UNITED STATEBQENT *'oFFIcE- f PAUL Murs mnnrnrmt AND :emana ALBI'N nnearnrm, or raars, runnen.

' AUroMATrc rrnnamr.

To all 'whom 'it/may concern: l

Be it known that we, PAUL lifLinna MEN- TEYNE, of 32 Rue Lemercier, and 'Pinnen ALBI'N DEcArLLaof 85 Rue de Mnilmontant,

both of Paris, Republic of France, engineers, l

have invented an Automatic Firearm, of

which the following is a full,` clear, and

exact description.

The vpresent invention relates 'to that class of automatic' fire arm `which utilizatlon of therecoll.l `This invention 1s ap hcable to cannon,

'perates by` -n'1itrailleuses, muskets an pistols, and has for its object to obtain airapid firing arm, which is simple, light, readilytransportable, readily disassembled, of a relatively low cost price, of strong and simple mechanism, capable of being understood, disassembled and l reassembled' by all the men ofa'ny kind of troops.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure `1 represents a longitudinal section ofthe left hand side of thearm at the momentwhen thering pin strikes the priming of the showing the closing mechanism in itsextreme positiony o'f'recoil, the barrel having returned to the firing position. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section drawn on the line A--A drawn on thcfline BQ-*B of Fig.v 1:- Fig. 5

represents the movable breech in its closin 1" position, the firing pin being still cocke iig. G shows a left hand exterior side view f of the. arm. Fig. 7 vrepresents the firing pin seen apart. Fig.' 8 shows aback view of the locking block. Fig. 9 represents the same block in `its vertical section drawn on the liner C-C of Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is a plan viewof the same locking block. .Y

In this Varm are distinguished: 1st the pieces forming part ofthe recoiling mass,-`

' 2nd the movable pieces `attached to the fixed part, 3rd the fixed pieces.

. The. pieces formingpart of the recoiling mass are the barrel 1, which has toward its rear -a projection 2,' the movable breech 3,

i the firing pin 4f., the lockino block 5, the extractor 6, the cocking hand je, 7, the elfztractorr spring 8, the percussion spring guide 9. The

movable pieces attached to the fixed part Fig'. 4i a transversesection" Speciilcation of Letters .Patent Patnted Jan, 10, 1911, Application led October 20, 1909. Serial No; 523,673. i

l carriesat the front a guide tube within which 1s located a spring 21 whichserves to replace vthe barrel in firing-position after the recoil. This framing 19is terminated at the rear by a tube 22 inthe interior of which j1s located a percussion spring 23. A butt carrying-bottom 24 vcloses the frame 19 at its lower part, and it is fixed thereto vby ymeans of a bo1t25 (Figs. 1 and 2) andiof a socket which is adjusted on the tube 22.

The movable breech 3 is adjusted on the projection 2 of the barrel and can slidevlongitudinally on .this projection in grooves' 26, 1t also slides by itslower part-11i grooves 27 of the frame 19. In these Grooves 27 of f the framethe barrel is also guided by suitable rbs. The firing in 4 is located in the movable breech 3 anni) nally therein, it has on the right and on thel left ro'ections 28; at the rear it is provide with a hook 29 .and it is connected to the cooking handle 7 bythe axle 3() of the latter. Above the firing pin, and also located within-the movable breech 3 is the lookin block 5; this block has jaws 31, on

can move longitudiits rig t and left between which the firing pin passes; these jaws are each furnished with an inclined groove 32. lVhen the firing pinmoves longitudinally in relation to the movable breech, its projections 28 en aging with it in the grooves 32 of the block 5 cause the latter to move vertically', when the movable breech is 1 in its 4 closing position the y'block 5 is opposite a hollow housing 33 formed inthe projection 2 ofthe barrel 1 (see Fig. 5). `In this position, ifl the tiring pin, lwhich is rearward, is to advance to strike the priming,it is obliged to raise the` locking blocky 5 Aand cause 1t Vto enter the housing 33 l of the projection 2, thereby firmly connectin the movable breech 3 andthe barrel 1 wit eachother, thus effecting theelosing of the breech; this closing will exist as long as the firing pin is not again' f vnot rise because itr always bears `against the lower face of the projection.l 2. Consequently: 1st the firing pin cannotA advance -to prematurely strike the priming of the cartridge,-2nd the movable breech 3, the firing pin 4 and the locking block 5 become firmly connected with each other, so that i the lJercussion sprmo' 23 m acting upon block 5 can move,

. posed to be closed,

the tiring pin also acts upon the movable breech to push it forward, so long as it has not arrived at its closiiigpbsition, because' it is only in that positionthat the locking enter its housing 33 andv permit the lfiring pin to strike the priming. '.lhe movable breech has at the side a cuckinghandle 7 located in suitable grooves and i connected to the firing pin by its axle- 30.

i and. fro-movements of the firing pin, it will Il be understood that, the breech beingv supi if the cocking handle. is i pulled backward, the striking pin is moved l with it compressing its spring, the movement of the firing pin has the effect of disengaging the locking block 5 fromits housing 33 and of thus permitting the movable breech 3 to move in relation to the barrell, if the cooking handle is continued to be ulled, the movable breech is therefore rawn backward to the cocked position.

Between the cocking handle 7 and the movable breech 3 is located a rigid extractor 6 .which is fixed to the movable breech by a tenon 3ft, this tenon has suflicient playT in its housing to enable the nose of the extractor to open sufiiciently to pass over the rim of the cartridge. lhe extractor is held closed by a spring 8 which is located in the -cocking handle.

The ejector 35 4is a projection fixed below the projection 2 of the barrel so as to come against the rim of the cartridge casewhen the latter is extracted'from the chamber. The barrel is guided in front by a slide fixed solidly thereto sliding in the tube `0 and compressing during the recoil the spring 2l which latter by its expansion restores it to firing position.l

The projection 2 of the barrel has at its rear end a claw 36 serving to cause the automatic trigger lever 14. to oscillate, this lever let, l'n'eit'erably jointed on the same axle as the trigger has at its frontI a' nose 39 on which the claw 3G of the projection Q acts, and toward the rear it .is provided with ay stop 3S behind .which the hook 2D of the firing pin catches; a spring 4Q acts on the lever 14 to hold it in its upward position. A

When Working, at the moment when the l tiring pin strikes the priming, the locking i block 5 insures 'the' connection of the movable breech 3 and .of the barrel -1' vasy has been above stated,4 when thev explosion ofv the charge takes-place, the barrel. and the i closing pieces of the"l'ireeeharefforced' backi Ward. These 'pieces tlius c oi' iriectdto ether i proceed to the.extreme"positiongof t 'e rel coil; when arrived there, the hook29 of the firing pin hooks on the oneh'and on -to the nose 37 of the trigger 10 and on the other ger ,lever ld;

' the movable breech pel this b-iock itcan slide in its grooves and follow the to the barrel.; from extractor 6, and

hand ou' the nose 38 of the automatic trig- Undcr the influence oi the spring i which has been compressed during' the recoil, the barrel is returned forward, it draws with it toward the front, 3 because the locking block 5 is still. engaged in its housing 33,but

e'thc tiring pin being retained behind, the

projections soon become engaged in the grooves 32 of the locking -block 5 and comto descend in the movable breech 3 and thus to become disengaged from its housing 33 in the projection 2 of this moment, the. barrel alone continues its forward motion, the movable breech being held in its turn by the firing pin which acts enit by means of the 5. The empty cart-ridge case locking block is held against the Inova le breech by the leaves the chamber as the barrel moves forward; it remains held by the extractor 6 until the ejector', vfirmly -iixed to the barrel, strikes it at the back which has the effect of causing itto pivotaround the nose of the extractor and of ejccting it violently out of the arm through the opening 48 formed for this purpose in the breech frame 19. "When the barrel arrives Ain tiring position the claw 36 acts on the nose 39 of. the lever 14. and lowers it, compressing'the spring t0 (Fig. 2). The lowering of this lever disengages itsnose 3SV behind which the hook 2S) of the firing pin was hooked. At this moment the tiring pin is therefore no longer held except by the nose 3T of the trigger. lf `the trigger is acted upon by the finger thefiiring pin is unhooked. Under the influence of the percussion spring 23 which has been compressed during the recoil, the-firing pin is pushed forward, but as these pro'ections 28 are lengaged in the grooves 32 o the locking block 5 and as this block cannotrise because it bears against the under face of the projection Q, the tiring pin willnot be able to advance without carrying before it the locking block, and the movable breech 3. InA this position there exists between the opening in the chamber of the barrel and the-. head ofthe movable breech a space Sufficient to permit of the introduction of a live cartridge; if therefore, by the means which will be hereinafter explained, a new cartridge is presented before the movablebreech will have arrived at its closing posi- A tion, the locking block 5 then being opposite its housing 33 will be able to rise and the firing pin, alway pushed by its spring, Will compel it to do so thanks to the projections 28 and to the grooves 32, the closing of the breech being thus cti'ectcd the firing pin will be precipitated forward and strike the priming. The cycle of movements above descriliied order. g d d From the foregoing it will be 'seen that-at given inoi'nent it is the trigger-alone which holds the tiring `pin backward as soon as the will then recommence in the same barrel has returned, to the Firing position, if

ythe magazine; 60

consequently"the actionlof 'the trigger is` stopped by` 'holdiin"g it; down in a permanent manner,v the' firing'pinand the movable breechwilzl return tothe front each tiiii'el that the barrely returns to the firing posi- "tion and has lowered the lever 14; automatic firing `wilhtalie place kas long as lnew car-` tridges are presented yat each shot before the movable breech. To stop the-firing it'willv suffice tov loosen, the trigger. But it may be necessary to execute a tiring by single shots; for this rpurpose apaivl 12j is so arranged as to be capable of operating the trigger 10 when with the finger itis pulled backward by acting `on its 'finger piece 4l. In vthis movement, the forward part ofy thepawl which is provided with an inclined plane encounters a fixedl pin 42 which causes it to turn around its finger piece 41, thus disen .gaging the noseof the pawl from the trigger 1()-Which immediately returns to its first )osition and is ready to retain the firing pin backward. when the -recoilfhas taken place. ToV {ii-e a second shot; it visl therefore necessary: 1st, to loosen'with the finger the `finger; piece'ftl of the pawl 12 which, under the in-` `13 will return to itsy first position, Whileits nosewill be replaced `in engagement withV the trigger' 10; 2nd,

iueiice of its sprin again with Athe linger pull backward the finger 41 Aand so on. It v'v-illbe 'seen that by this combination it is possihleto execute at .will either automatic firing or `single 'shot firing according as the fingertfactstdirectly on the trigger l0 or else onthe finger piece. be also seen thatrwlien single 41,. 'I-t Wil h firing is effected it isimpossibleinvol-untarily-to fire two shotsY in succession.4 u

i For thel feed, the cartridges-are contained -inniovable magazines in which they are piled one on another above a pusher plat-b t'oiiii;A a cmnpressed springbelow theplatform tends to cause them to rise; in order to feed the arm a magazine is fixed in the charging aperture 43 formed in the breech,

frame 19 below the movable breech. The

`fixingr of the magazinev is y.eii'ected autoby its simple introduction,by. means of the hook 17 oscillating"aroundfits;v

iiiat-ically axle 44 and the noses 45 of which enga." e in suitable openings formedin the rearfsi of magazine in position until the lastcartridge has been extracted fromit; at t-hisv moment the pusher latform, continuing to rise un der the infiiience of the magazine spring, presses againstr the noses 45 of the hook 17, causes them to leave the openings in which The hook 17 yretains-cthe]- vby a projection conveniently placed on the rear side of tlieinagazii'ie (see Fig. 2). In;

It is only necessaiyto ully this ,positioiuthe nose behind the stop is arl ranged so as not to encounter the hook 294 of the iii-ing pin, but when the magazine falls, the project-ionfot' this magazine no longer acting on the yend` 4.6 of the stop, this latter'nscillates around its axle under the influence of the spring 16, the nose 47 rises and no longerpermits the tiring pin, which has goneto its recoil'position, yto return toward the `front, the breech yWill therefore remain open and ythe arm will be ready, for

charging. "lhe fact, of introducing a nevi7 magazine full ot' cartridges will have the eii'ect of causing the lever 15 to oscillate in the` reverse direction and to annul `its action on the iiring pin. By this combination the time necessary for ,replacing magazines is reduced to the strict 'iriiiiiinuin because .the

unhooking of the empty magazine is automatically effected and it is not necessary to recock the mechanism.

It will be remarkedthat the combination of the various parts 'of this arm constitutes by itself the mostabsolute safety against ypremature or untimely firing because: 1st the firing pin cannot strike the priming be fore the breech is complet-ely closed;` 2nd that there cannotv remain anyv cartridges charged iii the barrelwhen the trigger is no `longer operated as in this case the breech remains open andin yits recoil Iposition; 3rd

Athat yevery cartridge introduced into the chamber being undoubtedly fired directly af- ,t'er its'uintroduction, one of theincannot be iforgottenwhich might cause untimely explosion after a firing `which would have -suliiciently heated the barrel. y 'l`he'forms, details, accessories, materials and dimensions of this automatic fire arm, it will be Well understood, may be varied Without in any Way changing the princi ple of the invention.

Claims.' i

l... Anaut-omatic fire arm comprising a barrel, movable rearwardly by the recoil, a

spring for returning the barrel to normal position, a breech block having sliding 'movement on the barrel, a :tiring pinhaving sliding movement in the breech block, ka

spring in engagement with the firing pin for returning the same tol normal position, a locking block for locking the breech block to the barrel, and means for operating the locking block by the movement of the firing pin.

' the breech block, and adapted to engage vbarrel, movable rearwardly by the recoil, a-

v ing sliding movement on said extension, a

lock the breech block to the barrel, a pro- 2. An automatic firearm comprising a l barrel, movable rearwardly by the recoil, a spring for returning the barrel to Anormal position, a breech block` having sliding movement on the barrel, a firing pin having sliding movement in the breech block, a locking block having vertical movement in with theportion of the barrel to lock the breech block to the same, a projection on the firing pin engaging with the locking Vblock to move the same out of engagement with the barrel, a spring for returning the breech block and firing pin to firing posi'-l t-ion, and a `trigger for operatingsaid parts.

3. An automatic firearm comprising a spring for returning the barrel to normal pos1t1on, /sa1d barrel having an extension having a recess therein, a breech block hav-l firing pin having sliding movement in said breech block, a locking tblock on the breech block adapted t0 engage with said recess to jection on the firing. pin engaging with the locking block to move the same out of the recess, a spring for returning the firing pin and breech block into firing position, and means for preventing the movement on the breech block and firing pin until the barrel has returned to its normal position.

4. A firearm comprising a trigger, means lfor firing continuously when said trigger is held down and means operatively associated with said trigger adapted to move it down into its firing position and then release the same to allow it to return to its raised position whereby only one shot at a time may be fired. Y

5.r A firearm comprisingva trigger, means for firing continuously when said trigger is held down, and a second trigger having means thereon engaging with the first trigger whereby onlyV one shot at. a time may be fired.

6. A firearm comprising a trig er, means tending to retain it in its raise position, means for firing continuously when said trigger is held down, a second trigger operatively .associated with said lirst'trigger and adapted on being actuatedv to engage and move said first trigger downward into firing position and means for moving said second trigger out of engagement with said first trigger to allow said first trigger to return to its raised position, whereby only one shot lat a time may be fired.

7. A firearm comprising a trigger, means tending to retain it in its raised position, means for firing continuously when said trigger is held down, a second trigger operatively associated with said first trigger and adapted on being actuated to engage and move said first trigger downward into firing position and means for automatically moving said second trigger out of engagement with said first trigger to allow said first trigger to return to its raised position, whereby only one shotat a time may be fired. A

8. A firearm comprising a trigger, means tending to maintain it in its raised position, means for firing continuously when said trigger is held down, a second trigger operatively associated with said first trigger and adapted upon being actuated to engage and move said first trigger downwardly into firing position, and means for movin said second-trigger out of engagement wit said first trigger after saidA first trigger has assumed its firing -position to allow said rst trigger to return to its raised osition whereby only one shot at a time may e fired.

The foregoing specification of our automatic fire arm signed by us this eighth day of October 1909.

PAUL MARIE MEN TEYN E. PIERRE ALBIN DEGAILLE. Witnesses:

DEAN B. MASON, R/Enmio'r.

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