US981199A - Centrifugal pump. - Google Patents

Description

R. 0. JONES. GBNTBIFUGAL PDM?. APPLIOATION FILED NOV. 25, 1908,

Patented Jan. 3.0, 19M.

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GENTRIFUGAL .PUMP.

APPLIOATION FILED Nov. z5, 190s.

QSL l 99 Patented Jan. 1.o, 19x11 Q0 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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CENTRIFUGAL PUMP. y

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R. O. JONES.

GBNTRIPUGAL PUMP.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 25, 1908. 981, 1 99, v Patented Jan. 10,1911.

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monash 0. JONES, or nAY'rorroHro, Assreuort. BY MnsNn AsssNMnurs, To THE COMPUTING SCALE coMrANaor DAYTON, OHIO, n conroaa'rrou or OHIO.

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 10, 1911.

Application filed November 25, 1908. Serial No. 464,356.

rlhis invention.' relates to centrifugal pumps in general, and has for its salient ob jects to improve the construction of such pumps both as to mode of operation and also as to structural details or theaccomplishment ',of the purposes set forth below.

It is of course well-known that in the development of centrifugal pumps, the structural design was such that they were limited to low` heads and pressures and were of low mechanical eiliciency. The progressl of invention along this line has been toward attaining high heads and pressures and likewise a high degree O mechanical eiiciency. Moreover, in the wide field of use of these pumps, the demands of market have emphasized the importance of simplicity, compactness, reliability and durability o construction, to withstand varieties of speed, roughusage and the various working conditions; also the importance of accessibility` for repair or inspection, re

vnewability of parts and the adaptability for a wide range of pumping requirements.

While material progress has been .made in inventions designed to accomplish the above objects, yet owing to the rather i'ntricate theory .of operation of these pumps, the lack of accurate knowledge and under- -standingof them, and the inability of inspccting 'the fluid action and the various phenomena incident to the pump operation,-

small steps in advance in thls art are ditiicult to effect. Nevertheless these progressive steps may become of great value commercially in attaining one or another of these various objects. And thereforevariations in the straff-:irai design and in the manner Ot comuni-tion of the various mechanical elements, become of vital importance in inventions designed to secure the fulfilment ofA these purposes. y

It is for the purpose osecuifing, toithe tuilestextent possible,`the accomplishment of the various objects and desiderata above forth, that I have devised the present improvements, a preferred form of which 1s shown in the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification.

Of said drawings, Figure 1 represents a vertical cross-section of the particular style of centrifugal pump to which these impeller; Fig. 3 represents a partly sectionalized view, of a diagrammatic nature, showing the water channels in the impeller; Fig. 4, represents a geometric projection .to illus-v trate the form of spiral curve upon which represents a sectionalized View of the impeller; Fig. 6 represents a partly sectionalized view showing the impeller broken away and also showing the diilusion ring and the volute casing; and Fig. 7 @represents a detailed sectionalized view'of the concentric bearing rings. l

Referring to said drawings, the pump contains a transverse shaft 2O (see Fig. l?. Upon this shaft is mounted the revolub e impeller 21. The shaft is -mounted in suitable bearings at the side and is driven by any desired means, such as a steam turbine, electric motor or the like. T he iinpeller 21, y in detail, revolves within the cylinder which is inclosedby the cylinder-heads 22 and suction heads 23. Tater is drawn up through the suction pipes 24 into the intake openings 25 formed on the two opposite sides of the impeller.

Surrounding the impeller is a diffusion ring 26 (See also F ig. 6) and surrounding this diii'usion ring is the volute easing' 27v which is substanlially circular in cross-section, but as is us al, increases from a small to alarge diameter to the discharge pipe 28 (see Fig. 6). In. this manner Water is taken in at the intake openings from both sides of the impeller, and is conducted through the impellerby its revoluble movements and dis charged through the diffusion ring 26 and then into the volute casing 27, and then into the discharge pipe 28.

T he particular construction of the impeller itself will now be described.,

The inner core of the impeller is in the shape of two hollow truncated co'npids 30 and 3i, placed base to base so that their 'common base. forms a mid-partition to dividethe provements are applied; Fig. 2 represents a perspective view of the double closed iin-- .the impeller vanes are constructed; Fig. -53

which will presently be described impcller into two equal compartments. This common hase terminates in a circular pellllwl'y l1. shown in Figs. Il and 5. These periphery 32 of the inid-pa tit-ion. The reconoidal surfaces 30 and 31 teriuii'iate at their outer and opposite sides in axial sleeves or hubsI 34 and $55. the transverse, shaft r2() passing through the hubs, and the impeller being suitably keyed to the shaft to revolve therewith. As `shown in Fig. l. the impellcr is further secured. in place by beveled nuts or collars Bt? located at either side of the axial sleeves or hubs and forniingin contour a continuation ot' the hubs. Concentric with these axial sleeves are projecting flanges 40 which constitute the outer periphery ot that portion of the impeller and form the annular intake opening 25, through which the water is conducted to the impeller varies. These impeller Yanes are curved substantially on a logarithmic spiral from the impeller axis to periphery. The plane of each vane terminates, as shown-in Fig. Q, in a cutting edge 42 extending radially across the intake openingr from thi axial sleeve to the peripheral collar or flange. The plane of this vane is then warped or twisted a quarter turii progressively with its spiral contour, so A that the plane of the vane when it terminates at the discharge or periphery opening of the iinpeller, as shown in Fig. 2, is parallel to the impeller axis. That is, the' peripheral delivery edge 43 of the vane extends along the outer surface of the impeller in a direction parallelto the impeller axis. There are a series of these vanes in each 'of the two compartment-sof the iinpeller, and they are equally spaced 'around the impeller so as to forni there between the Water channels 50,

i through which the water is conducted from l ,follows along the truncate the intake or 4suction opening to the diffu: sion ring. 'In Fig. Q, 52 shows the end of one vane at. the intake opening and 52 shows the other end of the same Avane at the delivery end. shows the vane nextabove-52 at the intake opening, and correspondingly1 53 shows the outer end of .this saine vane emerging just below the outer end 52a. If a 'geometric projection were taken of oneof these Yanes upon a plane perpendicular-to the impeller axis, the curves of the two edges of the vane would be substantially as shown in Fig. -4. That is, the outer edge 60 of the vane would be substantially along the arc of a circle having a radius equal 'to the inside radius of the aforesaid peripheral flange 40, and the inside edge of the vane would be projected into a spiral 61 (Fig. 4). A ,careful inspection of the vane,l marked 52 and 52a in Fig. 2 will show that the outer edge G0 thereof traces along the inner cylindrical surface of said periphyal flange 40, terminating at the periphery An 'the outside surface of this flange; while liet-her edge conoidal surface in a spiral direct-ion, and at thesame time longitudinally with the axis so'as to terminate at the periphery at the .iunetion of the cutting edge '43 of this vane with the sult of this is that by the formation of these Yanes in this manner with one edge thereof` extending along the inner cylindrical surface and the other following the contour of said conoidal surface from the axial sleeve to the outer periphery,- the vane is warped through this quarter turn and is substantially of the saine Width from the intake to the discharge opening. And the inter-lacing or combining of these successive varies forms the water channel 50 heretofore referred to, through which the water is driven upon revolving the impeller. In Fig. 3 these water channels are partially shown by the stripping of certain portions of the outer periphery or shell of the impeller, showing the truncated conoidal surface along which one side of the Vane extends, and likewise showing the progressive warping of the vane as it procee s from the discharge to the intake. This particular iin peller is, as above stated, divided into two similar and equal compartments so as thereby to form a double impeller. The respective and corresponding vanos in the two opposite conipartments of the impeller are similarly situated so that their respective cutting edges 42 are parallel to each other and their delivery edges-43 are brought together into the same line at the periphery, so that the plane of both these corresponding vanes at the periphery is the same and extends across between the aforesaid peripheral flanges 40. The corresponding opposite vanes are of course reversely warped for this purpose. It is believed that a reference to Figs. 2 and 3 in connection with this description Awill clearly show the construction of these vanes on opposite sides of theI impellerg and their corresponding similarity which produces this symmetrical construction, thus balancing the action of the two sides of the impeller. It will be observed that this construction results in the delivery or peripheral end of the Vanes being displaced axially fromY the intake end; and the curve of each vane from axis to peripln ery is substantially that of a logarithmic spiral, thisparticular construction having been found to be most. desirable for the purposes in view. VIn the operation of this impeller, the projecting Harige 40 and the axial sleeve 34 and nut 36 form an annular intake opening adjacent to the suction intake, so that. the water flows into this opening and is cut by the 'sharp cutting edges of the iinpellei vanes and then forced through the water channels 50 out of the discharge openingsof the iinpeller and then into the diil'usion ring, as willige referred to later.

One of the advantageous features in the seines 4g;

construction heretofore described resides in its availability as a high speed pump. It

is desirable to obtain an impeller which will carry medium and large quantities of water against medium and low heads at high speeds. Not only does high speed increase the efliciency of the pump itself, but if a steam turbine is used as a driving means for the pump, its efiiciencyis also increased for a high sneed drive. It is desirablea to use the smallest diameter' of impeller )ossible for the purpose of decreasing the uid friction bet-Ween the revolving parts and the water, which is the greatest hydraulic loss. But certain working conditions sometimes arise which are difficult to meet and at the same timemaintain the proper degree of efiiciency. For example, in cases where there are large capacities againstlow heads and at Highspeed. Large capacities require large inlet or intake openings to the -impeller in order to'keep the inlet velocity down to a .desirable value'. Moreover, low heads require small outside diameters ofthe impeller, so

that conditionsmight arise wherein, with a given fixed high speed, the calculated outside diameter ofthe impeller'ishould necessarily be smaller` than the' inside diameter in order to get-the proper capacity. of in- 'takerof Water and the proper delivery against/low head. This would superficially appear to 'be impossible, butthe design of impeller herein set forth solves this api parent impossibility.

vA logarithmic spiral, having' inlet and' outlet angularity Which:.will carry it around the impeller 180 degrees or more, is used for the Working `face of the impeller vane. The sharp edges l2 of these vanes cut the water` as it flows in atthe intake opening, and the warping andthe spiral contour of .the vanes changes'the direction of How of the Water from parallel to the inlet opening to a direction at ri ht angles with it, which is the direction o the discharge opening. This peculiar shape of the impell'er va'nes and water channels increases the working i length of t-he vanes. Then in order to getl the proper capacity of intake. the inlet area, being controlled by the inlet velocity, this double form of impeller is used with -two intake openings on opposite sidesof the irripeller. This increases the actual intake area and naturally permits the actual inside di! ameter of the impeller to'he correspondingly smaller than would be the case Where a sin-v gle intake were employed on one side alone of the impeller. [This inside diameterof the impeller being thereby decreased to the smallest possible value, the outside diameter is also decreased to the limit` thus giving the highest possible speed and the highest possible eliiciency, because the fluid friction There are of course numerous other .advantages which flow from the construction described, but

those just set forth constitute. some of the.

principal ones.

The diffusion ring and volute casing will i now be described. y

The diffusion 'ring26 (see Fig. 6) is annular in form and surrounds the impeller in the usual. manner, its'inside periphery, beginning atthe outcrperiphery of the impeller, and the outside diameter of the diffusion ringextendingto the volute casing (see also Fig. 1.). This didusion ring, being axially of substantially'the same Width as the discharge openings of the impeller, has formed in it the diffusion vanes 70,

which dividethe' diffusion ring into the.

water channels 71 to conduct the Water from the discharge' opening of the impeller into 'the volute.

Incombination with the impeller vanes formed on a logarithmic spiral, I have also utilized Ithese diffusion vanes formed on a logarithmic spiral in order to get the maximum advantages from this style of pump for the particular' purposes desired. The di'usiom vanes 70, however, are not Warped, but the plane of each vane extends on a logarithmic spiral from the periphery of the impellex' to the periphery of the diffusion ring Without any warping or twisting of the plane of the vanes, as shown both e in Figs. l and 6.

After the Water progresses through the Water channels 71 of the diffusion ring it enters the volute casing 27. The discharge pipe 28 of this volute easing extends from the lower end thereof and is provided with a.- particular form of cut-off Wall, which will now be described. This cut-off wall 80 extends from the outer Wall of the volute casing to the inner wall, as shown in Fig. 6, terminating in a sharp edge brought as close as possible to the diffusion ring. 2G. Or, in

'case no diffusion ring is used but simply an impeller is used discharging directly7 .into the volute, the cut-off wall would extend across as close as possible to the periphery of the impeller. This eut-oft wall is situated at the junction of the discharge pipe and the volute where the volute is most contracted in its diameter, and the inner end ofthe cut-oil Wall extends into contact with the ohter end ofone of the diffusion varies 81 so as practically to form an extension of this diffusion vane. The result of this construction is that with the usual high velocity" of the water around the volute toward the discharge opening, the cut-od Wall prewnts the recirculation of the water back into the lcontracted portion of the'volute. Otherwise a portion of the Water might be carried by the cut-off point, and instead of being thrown through 'the discharge opening, would be kept traveling around'the volute casing indefinitely, thereby resulting in hydraulic loss.

The interchangeable and renewable bearing rings for the impeller will now be described.

Ithreaded upon the previously described peripheral iianges 40 of the impeller are bearing rings shown in Figs. 2, 3, 5 and 7. It will be. remembered that these iianges .410 project into the suction or intake openings on each side of the impeller. In Fig. 2 only one of these bearing rings 90 is fully shown, the left hand ring being half omitted for the sake oi" more clearly showing the construction of the impeller proper. Seated in the cylinder casing is another bearing ring 91 which is stationary and is concentric with the impeller bearing ring. These two bearing rings are located in such proximity as to inclose a thin film of` water between their confronting surfaces, the impeller ring 90 of course revolving with the impeller, and the stationary bearingring 91 remaining fixed in the cylinder casing separated from the other ring by` this water film. Grooves 9:2 are for-med on the outer surface of the impeller ring 90 and the stationary ring 91. Ihese grooves are matched so as to form circular water channels or grooves when the two rings are in place, as shown in Figs. l and 7. The stationary ring 91 has projecting from its outside diameter a beveled ring 93 which tits into a corresponding recess in the cylinder casing and holds the ring properly seated within the casing.

Inside of the cylinder easing, the point where wear is most likely to occur is be.- tween the impeller and its surrounding cas ing. In order to reduce slippage and consequent. hydraulic loss. the impeller must run as closely as practicable to the casing. This bearing point is not made a contact, which would wear vb v abrasion. but the confronting surfaces of the bearing rings are held opening, slightly, for example, bv approximately one one-hundredth of an inch. Since all water contains more or less grit. this bearing surface will eventuallv be worn open by the grit and thus canse. slippage. But with this construction, these bearing rings are interchangeable and renewable.v The impeller ring 90. when worn, may be unscrewed trom the impeller and a new ringput in its place, and by removing the upper easing of the. pump and lifting the pump shaft Q0 ont of its bearings. the stationary bearing ring 91 inav likewise be removed trom its seat inthe cylinder casing and slipped over the shaft and a new stationary ring put back in itsplace. Thus all wear due to grit is taken up by these rings'. and when the wearhas become great enough to cause material slippage` a new set of rings may1 be inserted at very slight cost, which will reduce. slilipage to a. mininnnnand restore the '.tiicicncy to. the original value.

Certain of the constructions shown in the present application are likewise shown and described in my co-pending application, Ser. No. 464,700, tiled November 2T, 1908, and arc claimed in said other application.

While the form of mechanism shown and described in the present application is particularly adapted to secure the liultihnent of the object set forth, vet it is to be understood that various other forms might be used, all coming within the scope of the claims which follo\v.\

1. In a centrifugal pump, the combination with the cylinder` of a revoluble closed impeller therein, said impeller being formed with a system ot' correlated vanes curved on a logarithmic spiral from .the impeller axis to periphery, the plane of said vanes at the open intake face ot' t-he impellerbcing substantially transverse to the axisand having a cutting edge extending radially from said axis across said intake face and said plane then warped' a quarter turn progressively with said spiral to bring the peripheral delivery edge of the vane parallel to the impeller axis. 4

:2. In a centrifugal pump, the combination with the cylinder, of a double, closedI impeller therein, divided into two compartments by a mid-partition'transverse to the axis and having two intake openings on opposite sides, with a system of correlated impeller vanes located symmetrically in said opposite compartments, said vanes being curved on a spiral from the impeller axis to periphery, the plane of said vanes at the open intakes being substantially transverse to "the axis and having a cutting edge eX- tending radially from said axis across its respective intake opening and the said cutting edges of the corresponding opposite vanes of the two compartments being substantially parallel to each other, and the planes of the said vanes being warped a quarter turn progressively witlrsaid spiral to bring the peripheral delivery edges ot' th( vanes parallel to the impeller axis, the corresponding opposite vanes joining in a com mon plane at the periphery.

3. In a centrifugal pump, the combinatior with a cylinder, ol a double. closed impell'ei therein, comprising two truncated cone having a common base forming a mid-par tition to divide the impeller into two com partments and terminating atl opposite side in axial sleeves, peripheral collars concen tric with said axial sleeves and forming twi annular intake openings on opposite sides o the impeller` impeller vanes located sym metrieally in said opposite compartinentf said vanes being curved on a spiral fror impeller axis to periphery, the plane of sail vanes at the open intakes being substantiall transverse to the axis and terminating a their respective intake openings in a cuttin edge extending radially across said opening from said axial sleeve to said peripheral collar and the said cutting edges of a pair o't" corresponding opposite vanes being parallel to each other, and. the plane of said vanes being Warped a quarter turn progressively With said spiral to bring the peripheral delivery edges ot' the varies parallel to the inipeli'er axis, corresponding opposite vanes joining in a coninion plane at the periphery extending across between said opposite peripheral collars.

4t. ln a centrifugal pump, the combination with a cylinder, of a double, closecl'iinpeller therein, comprising two truncated eonoids havingr a common base forming a mid-partition to divide the impeller into two coinpartnients and terminating at opposite sides in axial sleeves, projecting peripheral' flanges concentric with said axial sleeves and forming therebetween two annular intake openings on opposite 'sides oi' the impeller, and a series or' spiral varies located synnnetrically in said opposite compartments each vane cooperating With its adjacent varies onv either side 'to comprise inclosi ing` Walls and forming vvatercha1inels from their respective intakes to periphery, said vanes having cutting edges at the intake openings and having one edge or' the vane extending along the inner cylindrical surface of its peripheral flange and the other edge or' the vane extending along thecon'- tour of its truncated conoifl from the axial sleeve to the outer periphery, whereby the plane ofeach or' said vanes is Warpeti a quarter turn progressively with said Spiral to bring the delivery or periphery end of the vane parallel to the impeller axis and displaced axially from the intake end of the vane, the corresponding opposite vanes bein reversely Warped and joining in a coin mon peripheral plane extending across between said opposite peripheral angges.`

In testimony whereof l ailier rny signature in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

RICHARD O. JONES. Witn esses W. A. CLARE, J. B. HAYWARD.

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