US972558A

US972558A - Pump for comparatively incompressible liquids.

Info

Publication number: US972558A
Application number: US4280201A
Authority: US
Inventors: Hans Milner
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1901-01-10
Filing date: 1901-01-10
Publication date: 1910-10-11
Anticipated expiration: 1927-10-11

Description

H. MLNER.

PUMP FR GOMPARATIVELY INGOMPRESSIBLE LIQUIDS. APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 1o, 1901.

Patented Oct. 11i, 1910.

2 SHEETS-amm 1.

. l w w MILNER.

PUMP FOB. UOMPABATIVELY I N GGMPEBSIBLE LIQUIDE.

HANS MILNER. OF BUDAPEST, AUSTRA-HUNGARY.

PUMP FOR COM). ARATI V'ELY INCOMPRESSIBLE LIQUIDS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application led January 10, 1961.

Patented ocr. 11,1910.

Serial No. 42,802.

To all 4whom tt muy concern.'

lle it known that l, llana Minnen, a subieet. of the King of l'lungarv, residing at Budapest. in the Kingdom of Hungary,

i can be mtrusted to the working capacity of have invented certain new and useful lm provements in Pumps for Coniparatively :liu-onqn'essible Liquids. of which the followingis a speeilieation. I

4The present invention-relates to the art of iinnnping liquids and consiste in a novel eonstruetion of pump operating' in a novel manner b v taking out from a s uetion ehamber the single liquid amounts which are to be given an accelerated movement suene sively or intermittently, liquid being supplied at the saine time to the said suction chamber by the pressure of the atmtnsiihere just as iii Ordinar)7 pumps of the kind.

The objects in vie are attained b v renderingl the pumpiingl operations, properly speaking, that the drawing of the. liquid from the suction chamber and the movement of it to the outlet, independent of the action of the low pressure in the suction chamber, which .is eontrary to the present praetiee. B v .so doing- I avoid the formation of vaeua in `the liquid being pumped and consequently l inf-zure great precision in the volumetrie capacity and e'tlicieney of the. pump, underall eireuimtanees, even when the pieton speed is greatlyincreased. The invention furthermore increases the suction ea paeit)`v` of the pump so that a inueh greater height of suction can be realized, than heretofore'; and the invention renders the. heights ofthe liquid suetionwolumns independent of the speed ofthe reciprocating.; pump parts. Again, the injurious ehoeks caused by the liquid moving' in the apparatus, as in old constructions, are avoided and eddies in the liquid current are greatly' diminished, that the mechanical` etiieieney of the pump, in respect to the power eX- pended, is highly inereased'thereby.

It is well known, that. in the suetion eliamber of all pumpsl as at present eonstrue'ted, there must., remain or be left a certain degree of tension, e. a certain low pressure, otherwise the liquid would not be raised, that is to say, moved or thrown from the suction chamber into the pump when the piston reeedes; in other words, the liquid already' sudked into the suction chamber, Would not lreact or follow the action of the i i i l i i pump. As soon as in eonsequeiiee o'l' the. inerease of the piston speed the expenditure of work necessary to drive the liquid in a lgiven interval of time becomes greater than the lsaid condition of tension or low pressure in the suction ehnmber, the liquid sepa rates from the piston and vaeua leading' to serious accidents oeeur within the liquid. As is well known, this may happen very easil)v and frequently when the pieton is working` with great Speed and the contents of the suetion chamber are very raretied, that is to say, when the suction-heights to be overeome. are unduly great. In order, therefore` in the new method of pumping, not to mak*I any demand upon the condition of tension in the suction chamber, which condition of tension, in general, is wholl)r insufficient,` I insert a` reeiproeating hollow pump-part into the liquid-contents in eonditiou of rest in the suction chamber. and I inelose in this manner a quantit)1 of liquid (without movinpl or displaeiiner it.) eeriespending' to la full stroke portion in the interior of the pump` thus utilizing` to the bestv advantage the inertia (permanence) of the stationary mass of the medium to 'be pumped. This quantity or charge of liquid has not yet'. been subjected to an \y pumping movement and that means a new act-one plislnnent.- The liquid is taken out'by a seooping plunger independently of the degree of the low pressure in the suetion chamber in agreement with the height of ihe water eolunm to be overt-ome. 'lienA the plunger in tlte next moment returns the free volume ofthe snotion-chamber increases in etirrespondenee with the withdrawal of the plunger and eontrarv to pumps of the kind heretofore known. the liquid behind the plunger is not sucked out of the suetioueliamber, but becomes deposited, .stratum b v stratum, in place of the witllnlrawing plunger. In sut-h a pumpingl method there are no liquid portions, determinedv as to time and volume, which, as heretofore, would be fort-ed from the suction. chamber to quiekliY follow the piston owingr to the .strength of the residuary tension in the suction chamber and therefore the tension in the suelion ehamber can be kept lowen-so that a greater height of the suction wamneolunm can be sui-mounted by this method of` pumping.

In the suction chamber thernew scoopingi plunger does not positively Work to rager or measure the liquid, but the liquid lows into said chamber in an even or equalized g current not inuenced by the reciprocatiou i of the plunger owing to the loiv pressure in the suction chamber. The latter is not f identical with the suction chambers of the ordinary hind, but it is a special sucking chamber in which not-witlistandiiig the reciprocations ol the particular plunger therein the sucking tension is always maintained alike. The conical or tapered valve carrier iminerges and reciprocates therein agitating the liquid the less so the longer the axis of the said body is in proportion to the diameter oitits base. The conical or tapered shape of the valve-carrier of the plunger freely reciprocating Within the liquid contained in the suction-chamber ot' a pump is theanain feature of the present invention. During the outstroke the liquid does not run or flow into .the vacant space produced by the withdrawing piston at the saine rate as the piston, but its speed is diminished to a component at a certain proportion owing tothe tapered shape of the plunger, The expenditure of mechanical power required for the condition of tension in the suction chamber to produce said movement of the liquid being equivalent to the acquired kinetic energy (mgvz) accordingly is reduced in proportionto the squares of the speed amounts of the running-in speed. I can, however, still further diminish the expenditure of power by distributing the same, so to say, over both strokes, inasmuch as replace one part of the volume to be lled on the return stroke of the transporting pump element by the succession ot' arigid element or filler-f connected with the reciprocating parts, so that, for instance, merely the haltl ot the liquid mass has to be brought to the rushingin speed, that is to say, the speed the liquid assumes in running into the vacuunror vacant space produced by the withdrawing piston. In such manner, the expenditure of Work which has to be done on the part of, and at the cost of the condition of low pressure or tension (expanding force) in the suction 'chamber on pumping, is reduced to a minimum and, thus, as already explained, the maximum heights of suction water-columns can be attained. that is to say, the capacity for suciiou et the pump is greatly increased in my method. lt is, however, obvious,ltl1at since the pumping operations can go on Without the aid ot the tension in the suction chamber, this tension also does not require to be increased when the high speed of the strokes is still further increased.

These improvements relate to the sucking operations-'in thepumping action. As rel gards the pressing' operations, the, for the most pari, line jets ot liquid, issuing from the orilices oi' the delivery-valves, meet with consii'ierablc obstruction in penetrating the liquid above, so that by friction aii l \vliii'l currents, great loss of energy takes place. For the purpose of improving this condition and of cconoinizing the consumption of Work, I cause very thin layers of liquid to be above the delivery-valves. This l cliect bv lowering to the extent desired, the level ot' the liquid above the valves, by means of diving-bclls or diving chambers for gas or air, having wide mouths belo\v.` The currents ot Aliquid streaming out of the delivery valves now moet With no considerable resistance, so that the mechanical etciency of the puinp is in this manner also essentially improved. The direction ot' the stroke ot' the plunger does not essentially aii'ect the feature and basis set forth above as regards the construction of pumps in accordance with the present invention. Accordingly such pumps may be employed Without dithculty with a piston stroke of any direction.

In the drawings, Figure l is a vertical,

section through one form of construction of a pump embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a similar section through the lower part of a similar, but slightly modified, forni of construction liaving a filler. Fig. 3 is a section iinilar to Fig. 2, being also slightly modied. valved hollow plunger and through a part of its surrounding casing. Fig. 5 is a section similar to Fig. 4, slightly modified. Fig. -5 is a vertical section through another form of construction of my improved pump, and Fig. 7 is a similar section showing another orm of construction.

Referring to Fig. l, a designates the suction chamber of the pump, having an inlet dv connected to the liquid supfply, said inlet being below the top of the chamber, which leaves a dead-air space o therein in which raretied air is confined above the surface of the liquid.

At the top ot', and preferably depending into, the chamber a is a conical casting b which forms what I term the lifting cham; ber Z), which communicates with the suction chamber through a valved plunger e f hereinafter described, and which communicates with a force chamber o overheadilthrough openings closed by valves g, so alf anged as v to permit egress of fluid from"chgii'nber into chamber o, but to prevent inii"6\v from chamber 0 into chamber b. The force chamber 0 has an outlet c with which any desired carry olf pipe not shown may be connected.

As shown thc machine part of the lifting chamber 7) has an axial cylindrical extension 212, which is telcscoped by a cylinder c, attached at its lower end to a hollow valveconta'ining plunger f, said plunger having,

Fig. 4 is a vertical section through a.

llt)

, alprefcrably steep-roof like compact part or member n and connected therewith is the.

ynew inverted-step-valve acting to draw or taire the liquid from the chamber a in amanv ner :tree et any sucking action.

As shown in thedrawings a series of coni ceutricicontact rings ot' the seats f with ,projections or catchers f2, arranged in theA nary construction and adapted to open inwardly so as to admit liquid into the inte- ,ri or of. the plunger c f at the down stroke.

lreferably the part n of the plunger is enlarged beyond the capacity of the latter so `as toallow of the provision of so niany inlet .valves in the plunger that the liquid With- -out being moved or displaced can easily endescend.

ter and ill the plunger and cylinder as they In the bottom of the plunger is a central piece f4 whichrigidly connected to the lower end of a piston rod R, which extends upwardly through the cylinder c and lifting chamber I), and through a stuft'- ing box b3 in the top ot chamber Z), and is f connected to a reciprocating cross-head R i the least possible resistance.

yguided in a sleeve R2 depending into chamber 0, said crosshead R being connected to and reciprocatingl by any suitable engine, not shown.

f `In practice, the plunger f and its-valves are always kept below the water level in chamber a, so that no air will be sucked into f chamber l, nor drawn from chamber a. and

the opening and closing of the valves will be instantaneously effected by the water with For each reciprocation of the multi-valve-plunger f an amount ot water will be raised equal to the length of stroke of the plunger multiplied by the cross sectional area of the telescoping part c.

To further prevent ebullition of liquid in chamber a, in the apparatus shown in F ig. l, I providea cylindrical curtain zf, surrounding the cylinder c and depending from the top of chamber a to and below the water level in chamber a, said curtain serving to divide the upper part of the body of water in chamber g. into two concentric bodies. The lower part of curtain zy may be extended, as at 7c, said extension being formed with vertical slots or apertures so as not to imi pede the passage of Waterto the plunger,

while irneventina,r `violent eddying or splashing thereof. Apertures i in the top of the curtain h permit free passage of air from one side thereof to the other, so that the Water will not pulsate in the curtain or chamber to any,l annoying extent. f

In the pressure air chamber or vessel o a divinghell 7' is so arranged as to cause the level of the liquid therein to be a little filled with compressed air in the usual manner.

Fig. Q shows a construction of pump when lthe plunger c j is to be driven Jfrom below, instead of from above, similar letters indicate like parts having similar functions. lt

will be noted that in this instance the slotted extension /J on the lower end of the curtain 7i` is omitted. Z is a filling out plunger or iller serving to partially occupy the stroke volume i. c. the space in the liquid left free by or at'ter the withdrawing plunger e, f, whereby the motion or flow within the liquid in the suction chamber is correspondingly decreased, due to its being distributed -at any desired ratio among the two strokes.

Said ller Z is connected to part f4 of the plunger, and passes throughfa'stuihng box B in the lower end of chamber a, and may be directly connected to the engine for reciprocating the plunger.

The construction shown in Fig. 3 is quite similar to that shown in Fig. 2, having the filler l, and the parts n c made integral and incloeing the extension b2.

In the modification indicated in Fig. et the plunger-valve is arranged to work within the chamber b on the outlet end of cylinder e, so that the latter freely works to talc 'out the liquid from the' chamber a.

The modification, shown in Fig. 5 is similar to that in Fig. 3, ,with the plunger oper` ated lfrom above, instead of from below.

F ig. 7 is a vertical section of a modification of the pump with a counter-piston which affords, in cooperation with the plunger c f, a largepiston-area for mounting' the valves, the difference only between the two piston areas (of e and p), acting to lift the liquid and only the pressure on the said areal difference exerting a strain on or infiucncin'g the driving rods of the machine. By such means the speed of the liquid in passing through the valved piston can be regulated according to desire and is rendered independent of the purposely chosen speed of the piston.

Fig. 6 is a vertical section of a pump with a counter-piston p, as in Fig. 7, in combina-I tion,` with a filler Z of the kind shown in Figs. 2 and 3.

In Figs. 6 and 7 there is also shown how I suspend a diving bell r in the air-vessel o, just as in Fig. l, with the effect of decreasing the loss of energy within the liquid due to friction ,and eddy currents.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In a pump the combination of a suction chamber adapted to be only partially filled 'with the liquid raised by suction, a lifting above the delivery valves g, when the bell'is l valved end Working freely below the level of thc liquid to be pumped so as to take out liquid without exerting any sucking action` thereon. v

3. ln a pump the combination of a suction chamber, adapted to be only partially filled with the liquids raised by suction; a liftingchaniber adjacent to, but unconnected with said suction chamber; discharge valves on the discharge of this lifting-chamber, a reciprocating pun'iping element, operating between and within said chambers; a pyramidical or basket-like valve-carrier or support, attached directly to, with said pumping element, the travel of said valve-.carrier taking placebelow thel surface of the liquid contents of the aforementioned suction chamber; and valves inside said valve-carrier or support to admit Huid into the interior of the plunger, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

Y3. In a pump the combination of a suction-chamber, adapted to be only7 partially filled with the liquids raised by suction; a

.lifting-chamber, adjacent to, but unconnected with said suction chamber; dischargevalves on the discharge of this lifting-chamber; arreciprocating pumping plunger operating between, andvwithin said chambers; valves, attached to and reciprocatingl with said pumping plunger, the travel of which takes place below the surface of the liquid contents of the aforementioned suction chamber, a filling out plunger of a diameter different from that of the pumping plunger and working in said suction chainber and attached direct-ly to, and reciprocating with said pumpingplunger, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. ln a pump the combination of a suction chamber, adapted to be only partially filled with the liquid raised by suction; a lifting-chamber, adjacent to, but unconnected with said suction-chamber; a re liproeating pumping elementI working between, and Within said chambers; valves attached to, and reciprocating with said pumping element; dischargev a vos on the .discharge of this lifting-ch: inbcr, an air-chamber, above said valves, and a diving` bell for air or gas of suitable form and dimensionsV suspended insai'd air-chamber, substantially as and'for thepu'pose described.

ln a pump the combination of a suction-chamber adapted to be only partially and reciprocating filled with the liquids raised by suction, a lifting-chamber adjacent to but unconnected with said suction-chamber, discharge valves on the discharge end of the lifting-chamber, a reciprocating pumping element operating' between, and within said chambers, a valve carrying head of conical shape rigidly connected to and reciprocating with said pumping element, and a displacer-piston projecting' outward and working in said suctionchamber and attached directly to and reciprocating with said pumping element, substant ially as and for the rurpose set forth.

(3. in a pump the combination of a suction chamber, adapted tol be only partially filled with the liquids raised by suction; a liftingchamber, adjacent to, but unconnected with said suction chamber; discharge-valves on the discharge of this lifting-chamber; a reciprocating pumping element operating between and within said chambers; .valves aty tached to and reciprocating with said 'pumping element, the travel of which takes place below the surface of the liquid contents of Y the aforementioned suction-chamber, a partition mantle in said suction-chamber` surrounding said pumping element, and adapted to restrict the eddying movements of the liquid, substantially as and'for the purpose set forth.

7. ln a pump the combination of a suction chamber, adapted to be only partially filled with the liquids raised by suction; a liftingchamber adjacentto, but unconnected with said suction-chamber; discharge valves on the discharge of this lifting-chamber, a reciprocating pumping element operating' between, and within said chambers, valves attached to, and reciprocating with l said pumping element, the travel of which takes place below the surface of the liquid contents of the aforementioned suction chamber, and the arca of whose bases is increased with respect to ihc working pistons surface and a steep ,roof-like, compact part between the enlarged valve-carrier and pumping element;

substantially as and for the purpose set i rorih.

Vln testimony whereof l. harehereunto setiny hand inthe presence of two witnesses.

: u HANS MILNER.'

lliitnesses:

Josurn 'Winn .winx x )i l( imnnnom'x'.