US967782A - Motor-controlling apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

s. H. KEEPER.

MOTOR CONTROLLING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED APR.14, 1910.

967,782. I Patented Au .16,1m

Znvmh 5W5 H K FW UNITED- STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SLIUEL H. KEEPER, 0F PLAIN'FIELD, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOIR TO NILES-BEMENT- POhTU'COMPANY, DIE-JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

MOTOR-CONTROLLING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 16, 1919.

Application filed April 14, 1910. Serial No. 555,340.

quently the counter E. M. F. has fallen to apredetermined low point.

Another object of my invention is to provide a novel form of magnetically operated motor reversin switch whose construction shall be such %hat even though the pilot switch controlling the energization of the solenoids of said reversing switch is so operated as to supply current to one of them, it shall not be possible for said reversing switch to operate to deliver current to the motor until the counter E. M. F. of said motor has fallen to a predetermined low point.

I further desire to provide a magnetically actuated reversing switch with a blow-out magnet so arranged and constructed that said magnet, in addition to its regular functions, shall be capable of acting to produce a magnetic flux opposing operation of the 4, switch under certain conditions.

These objects and other advantageous ends I secure as hereinafter set forth reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which p Figure 1, is a diagrammatic View illustrating a. motor controlling system having its parts arranged according to my invention, and Figs. 2 and 3, are fragmentary vertical sections, partly diagrammatic, illustrating the detail construction of a portion of a reversing switch designed in accordance with I I my invention.

In the above drawings 1 is the armature and 2 is the field winding of. the electric motor whose starting, stopping, and direction of rotation are to be controlled; these operations being governed by means of a.

pilot switch 3 which has two contacts 4: and 5. a

torin'cludes two soleno' windings 6 a I c teri stic 'of theappar'atus to prevent The reverse-controllin switch of respectively operative upon cores 8 and one terminal of the motor armature 1 b connected to the core 8 and the 0th minal being connected to the core 9 tin r the winding 10 of the blow-out magnet. The cores 8 and 9 are in the present instance designed to be longitudinally movable'under the action of their windings, though under normal conditions, the lower end of the core 8 engages the contact 11, while the lowerend of the core 9 similarly engages the contact 12. When the winding 6 is energized, the core 8 is moved upwardly into engagementwith a contact 13 and under similar conditions the core 9 is moved into engagement with a contact 14;. .The two upper contacts 13 and 14 are connected together and to. one of the current supply mains, while'the contacts 11 and 12 are 51mllarly connected to each other and t9 the second current supply main. The fixed core 15 of the blow-out magnet is provided with a cross member or an equivalent construction at each of its ends, so that it has a pole piece respectively adjacent the planes or areas of engagement of the core 8 with the contacts 11 and 13 and of the core 9 with the contacts '12 and let; The arrangement is such that if the motor circuit be broken between any or" these various pairs of contacts, the mag-- netic flux set up by the blow-out magnet acts in the well known manner to extinguish the arc formed.

The windings 6 and 7 of the two solenoids are both connected together at one end and to one of the current supply mains, while their opposite ends are respectively ,(3011- nected to the terminalset and 5 of the pilot switch. The placing of the core of the blowout magnet with relation to the cores 8 and 9 of the solenoids, is such that if the windingG, for exam Is, he energized by moving thehandle of t e pilot switch into engagement with the contact 1, while current is flowing through the winding 10 of said blow-out magnet, the'fiux set up by this latter in its core and in .the core- .8, results in saidlatter core being held in' its lpwer position engagement withgthe contact 11, until the fiow .ofcurrentiintm blow-out magnet winding has fallen to ,a predeterminan lowpoint; .I utitize this charao ,to idle, motor jas hereaiter noted, an

' starting saidlmotor, the energization of the current to flow from one of the current supply mains to the contact 12, core 9, blowout magnetwinding 10, motor armature 1, core 8, contact 13,and thence to the second current supply main; it being understood that the circuit of the field magnet wind; ing of the motor was previously closed. 11 now, the handle of the pilot switch 3 he moved out of engagement with the contact 4:, the consequent'deenergization of the winding 6 permits the core 8 to drop into engagement with the contact 11, thus shortcircuiting the motor armature through the blow-out magnet winding 10, with the result that the said armature is shortly brought to rest by reason of the braking effect of the current generated. it, however, the handle of the pilot switch be moved directly from the contact i into engagement with the contact 5, the winding 7 is immediately energized and tends to raise its core which would result in a reversal of the motor. Such sudden reversal of the current supply would be almost certain to injure, if not destroy the motor, but, owing to the fact that the blow-out magnet is energized by the dynamic or braking current which flows almostimmediately after the core 8 has engaged the contact 11, the flux produced by the said magnet holds the core 9 from inoring.v Such retarding or holding action is maintained until the speed of the 1I10i.-Oi,.2111(l consequently its counter E. M. F. has so far fallen that the reversal of the current flow in the motor armature would not be injurious, and when this point has been reached, the effect of the winding 7 overcomes the eiiect produced by the blow-out magnet 10, thereby raising the core 9 and causing its upper end to engage the contact 14. Such engagement then permits current to flow to the armature ot the motor in'a direction the reverse of that hitherto noted, and thus reverse its direction of rotation.

The arrangement and design of the various parts is such that when the winding 10 is energized and either of the cores 8 or t) is in its raised position, the flux produced by said winding tends to maintain it raised,

or it it be in its lower position said flux tends similarly to maintain it in this position. Further when the machine l'2 is operating as a motor and current is passing through the winding 10, neither of the cores 8 nor 9 moves under the action of the flux set up by said current flow and since hoth of the cores are necessarily in their lower positions before current generated by the armature 1 can flow through the winding 10, such cur-" 1 rent flowdoes not act to raise the cores, but. tends rather to mamtamlthem in the r lower positions it v lit isobvious that the actual arrangement shown two of such variations. In thefirs't of these figures the solenoid having the winding 6 is illustrated as provided with 'an iron casing, in the lower part of which is supported a core 15 for the reception of the winding 10; this core having its lower end turned upwardly so as, to provide the contact 11.- "When the winding 10 is ener-' gized, the magnetic flux passes through the core 15*, the core 8, and a portion of the iron casing tards movement of the core 8 or altogether prevents such movement until current in said winding 10 has fallen to a predetermined point or ceases altogether.

ln'the form of magnet shown in Fig. 3, the contact 11 is supported in anysuitable manner, and the pole piece 15 of the blow out magnet winding 10 is so arranged as to terminate on one side of'the plane of the contact between the core 8 and the fixed contact 11. An auxiliary-pole piece 6' projects downwardly from the solenoid casing 6" on the other side of the core'8 and contact 11 so as to be directly opposite the pole piece 15", with the result that, as before, the winding 10 sets up such a flux between the pole pieces 15 and li that the movement of the core 8 is retarded or altogether prevented, even though the solenoid winding 6 be energized, until the current flowing in the armature 1 has fallen to the desired safe, low point.

As will be obvious to those skilled in the art, there are a number of ways in which the blow-outmagnet 15 maybe made efiective in retarding the action of the cores 8 and 9 or in positively preventing such action tor a predetermined period in order to accoinplish the desired lQSLllQfOl by varying the proportions and arrangement or" the various windings, 6, 7, and 10, these latter may be made to re-act on each other in difierent ways. In any case, however, the movement of the cores 8 and 9 to connect themotor with the current supply mains, is prevented or retarded by direct magnetic action, in contra-distinction to a forcibl actin mechanical device such as is escribe I and claimed in my application for Patent No.

claimed in my application for Patent No.

526,931, filed November 8, 1909', according to which the circuits of the windings 6 and 7 are kept open until such time as it is safe for the motor to be supplied with current.

I claim i l. A system including a motor; a reversing switch therefor including two solenoids; means for controlling the energization of said solenoids; and awinding havingalcore placei to magnetically act on the movable members of said solenoids to prevent movement thereof when the motor is running, until the counter E. M. F. of said motor has fallen to a-predetermined amount.

2. A system including a motor; electromagnetic reversing means therefor including a solenoid; contacts governed by the movable member of the solenoid and a blow out magnet for extinguishing arcs formed between said contacts; said blow out magnet being placed to magnetically cooperate with the movable member of the solenoid to retard operation of the same until the counter E. M. F. of the motor has a predetermined value.

3. A system including a motor; electro magnetic reversing means therefor including two solenoids; a plurality of sets of con tacts controlled by said solenoids; and a blow-out magnet for extinguishing the arcs formed between the contacts; said blow out magnet also coiiperating with the movable elements of the solenoids to retard action thereof .under predetermined conditions until the counter E. M. F. of the motor has fallen a predetermined amount.

4. A system including a motor; electromagnetic reversing means therefor including two solenoids; a plurality of sets of contacts governed by said solenoids; with a blowout magnet connected in circuit with the armature oi the motor and operative on all of the contacts; said magnet and solenoids being constructed to mutually codperate to prevent operation of the movable solenoid members until the counter E. M. F. of the motor falls to a predetermined amount.

5. The combination of a solenoid having a movable core; a contact carried thereby; a fixed contact placed to coo crate with said core-carried contact; witha low-outmagnet placed to extinguish the arcs formed at said contacts; said blow-out magnet being capable of c0-acting with the core to retard movement thereof.

6. The combination of a solenoid having a case and a core, both of magnetic material; a pair of contacts governed by said core; and a winding placed'to cooperate with the solenoid winding so as to retard action of the core under predetermined conditions; said windingincluding in its magnetic circuit the core and case of the solenoid.

7. The combination of a solenoid having a case and a core both of magnetic material; a pair of contacts placed to be governed by the core of the solenoid; a pole piece connected to the case of, the solenoid and extending adjacent to the point of engagement of the contacts; with a magnet placed to set up a flux in the space between the contacts when these are separated, and also ca able of cooperating with the pole pieces an the case of the solenoid to prevent movement of the core under predetermined conditions.

8. A system including a motor; a reversing switch therefor including two solenoids having substantially parallel cores; means for governing the action of said solenoids; and a. magnet having pole pieces extending adjacent said cores in position to magnetically act thereon to prevent their movement when the motor is operating as a generator until the counter E. M. F. of said motor ha fallen to a predetermined amount. Y

9. A system including a motor; a reversing switch therefor including a pair of electro-magne'tic devices; and a single winding mounted between said devices provided with laterally projecting pole pieces placed to cooperate with said devices to prevent their action when the motor is operating as a 'generator until its counter E. M. F. has

fallen to a predetermined amount.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

SAMUEL .H. KEEPER.

Witnesses:

C. U. BEITER, J. T. MAGMURRAY.

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