US967671A - Method of separating minerals. - Google Patents
Method of separating minerals. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US967671A US967671A US46715308A US1908467153A US967671A US 967671 A US967671 A US 967671A US 46715308 A US46715308 A US 46715308A US 1908467153 A US1908467153 A US 1908467153A US 967671 A US967671 A US 967671A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- temperature
- acid
- separation
- mineral
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 15
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940032330 sulfuric acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052949 galena Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Pb]=S XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000611 pyrimethamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
- B03D1/16—Flotation machines with impellers; Subaeration machines
Definitions
- - Mair 00., oriaurrato, New roan, aconronarion or coiioaeno.
- the object of this invention is' the provision of amethod' whereby a mineral may be separated from the gangue materialyor one or more component minerals of a complex mixture may besucces'sively separated, by hydrometallurgical or flotation 3 processes.
- certain minerals as forinstancethe s'ulfids of zinc,leadand iron by flotation in acid solutions, the liquids more commonly employed being heated solutions of sulfuric acid or acid sulfates.- I have discovered that under proper'condi tions as hereinafter set forth it is possible to effect a successive separation of several mineral components of a complex mixture or ore by appropriately varying the conditions existing in a single solution. In order to accomplish this result I make-use of a solution containing a constituent capable of reacting selectively, at proper temperatures, upon one or'more of the componentminerals.
- I lead and iron- I may employ a 10% $0111 tion of sodium nitrate or Chile saltpeter, together with sulfuric acid, yielding free nitric acid and acid sodium sulfate. pulverized and properly graded ore-is subjected'to-this solution at a temperature of approximately 140 F., whereupon the zinc sulfid rises to the surface in the form of a spongy-mass which may readily be skimmed.
- the temperature is then raisedto approximately 180 1 -whereupon the iron sulfid rises to the surface and may be similarly removed, leaving a mixture of galena with the gangue. material.
- This galena may be readily separated by known concentration methods. @Under proper conditlons there is no 'substantial solution of the min- .erals and with care a nearly perfect separa- The tion, amounting in some cases to 98%, may be secured.
- the liquor is used repeatedly, replacing the necessary losses of nitrate and sulfuri'c'acid. The peculiarity of this separation'is that the zinc sulfid rises in a spongelike mass which can be readily washed from any mechanically entangled compact pyrites.
- the temperature most favorable for the"s' eparation varying with the concentration of the solution.
- a solution of sodium chlorid and sul furic acid may also be used, but the separation is somewhat less" rapid -and complete.
- the nitric acid solution is also highly effectsimilar materials will naturally result in the.
- the hydrochloric acid is conveniently, pre-' -chloridin heated cylinders .in the well -less exact by actingindiscriminately on the In general, the solution.
- the solutions may be more or less concenration in all-cases, the" separation'may be In case of free metals I may use the above named solutions, or a solution ofsodium chlorid or sodium sulfate containin free caustic soda.
- the process is likewise applicable to the. separation of a single mineral from. a gangue material.
- zine sulfid disseminated through a gangue of dolomite may be successfully treated as follows: The ore is first mechanically concentrated, say to a 30% concentrate, and is then immersed in a highgravit-y solution containing for example 10% of sodium nitrate to which sulfuric acid as been added, referably in proporium sulfate.
- Efi'ervvescence occurs at first but ceases in a short time as the gangue material becomes coated with sulfate.
- the zinc sulfid is found to rise'with substantial completeness, an ex amination of the gangue showing only 0.22% of' zinc remaining therein.
- the acid liquid in this case'reaets directly with the mineral particles, enveloping them in a gaseous sheath or envelop by which they are elevated.
- the ore should be ground to number ten mesh or finer, as if the particles are larger than this there is a tendency for the gas to escape in the form of bubbles without exerting its full efiiciency in raising the mineral.
- I claim 1 The method of treating ores containing a plurality of mineral components, which consists in immersing the ore in a suitable solution, separately floating said mineral components by progressively raising the temperature of the solution, and removing at each rise of temperature the product separated during such rise.
- the method of treating ores containing a plurality of mineral components which consists in immersing the ore in a suitable solution containing free nitric acid, separately floating said mineral components by progressively raising the temperature of the solution, and removing at each rise of temperature the product. separated during such use.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
"I all whom it may concern:
, may be separated from the gangue material UNITED stratrns PATENT QFF/ICE- j ALEXAND R s. Barman-or nn'rnorr, MICHIGAN, AssfGNon. 'ro CHEMICAL DEVELOP,-
- Mair: 00., oriaurrato, New roan, aconronarion or coiioaeno.
Jl/IETEQD' or snmna'rme mmnnars.
Ilo Drawing.
, Beit' known that I, ALEXANDER S. RAMAGE, a c1t1aen' of the United :States, residingat Detroit, in the county of Wayne and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and.
useful Improvements in Methods of Separating Minerals,of which the following is a specification. i I
The object of this inventionis' the provision of amethod' whereby a mineral may be separated from the gangue materialyor one or more component minerals of a complex mixture may besucces'sively separated, by hydrometallurgical or flotation 3 processes. It is wellknown that certain minerals, as forinstancethe s'ulfids of zinc,leadand iron by flotation in acid solutions, the liquids more commonly employed being heated solutions of sulfuric acid or acid sulfates.- I have discovered that under proper'condi tions as hereinafter set forth it is possible to effect a successive separation of several mineral components of a complex mixture or ore by appropriately varying the conditions existing in a single solution. In order to accomplish this result I make-use of a solution containing a constituent capable of reacting selectively, at proper temperatures, upon one or'more of the componentminerals.
in order that the invention may be fully understood I will describe the same by refer- .ence to a specific example, it being understood that the mvention is not restricted to' the conditions specified in this example. In
the case of anore containing sulfids of zinc,
I lead and iron- I may employ a 10% $0111 tion of sodium nitrate or Chile saltpeter, together with sulfuric acid, yielding free nitric acid and acid sodium sulfate. pulverized and properly graded ore-is subjected'to-this solution at a temperature of approximately 140 F., whereupon the zinc sulfid rises to the surface in the form of a spongy-mass which may readily be skimmed.
oil". The temperature is then raisedto approximately 180 1 -whereupon the iron sulfid rises to the surface and may be similarly removed, leaving a mixture of galena with the gangue. material. This galena may be readily separated by known concentration methods. @Under proper conditlons there is no 'substantial solution of the min- .erals and with care a nearly perfect separa- The tion, amounting in some cases to 98%, may be secured. The liquor is used repeatedly, replacing the necessary losses of nitrate and sulfuri'c'acid. The peculiarity of this separation'is that the zinc sulfid rises in a spongelike mass which can be readily washed from any mechanically entangled compact pyrites.
trated than above described, the temperature most favorable for the"s' eparation varying with the concentration of the solution.
For, separating the above-described mine'ral's, a solution of sodium chlorid and sul furic acid may also be used, but the separation is somewhat less" rapid -and complete.
.ive in -t he separation off chalcociteyand chal- .copyrite.
The presence of limestone, dolomite, or
consumption 'o r jloss of 'c'onsiderable quantities of acid, and in case such compounds are present theores maybe subjected to" a preliminary acidtreatment, preferably with hydrochloric acid." In'case fumes of sulfur dioxid are available from roasting furnaces,
pared 'by passing these fumes over sodium known manner. Even when the amount of carbonates present is but small, it is desirable to decompose tliem by an acid treatment in order that no carbon dioxid may be evolved during the flotation, inasmuch as this gas appears to render the separation several mineral component-s.
VVhil'e it is impractical to state definite temperatures or concentrations which are effective inbringing about the desired sepa- 'very readily and simply accomplished by slowly increasing the temperature of the solution to the point at which one mineral component floats, andmai'ntaining' the solution at or near this temperature, or belowthe temperature at'which the second component rises, until the first component is removed. A further rise of temperature will then bring about the separation of the second component. should not be heated'to a temperature substantially above that atavhic'h a given separation occurs until the separated component has been removed. 7
The nitric acid solution is also highly effectsimilar materials will naturally result in the.
the hydrochloric acid is conveniently, pre-' -chloridin heated cylinders .in the well -less exact by actingindiscriminately on the In general, the solution.
Specification of'LettersPatent. Patented Aug. 16, 1910. Application filed December 12, 1908. Serial no. 467,1,5t3.
The solutions may be more or less concenration in all-cases, the" separation'may be In case of free metals I may use the above named solutions, or a solution ofsodium chlorid or sodium sulfate containin free caustic soda. The process is likewise applicable to the. separation of a single mineral from. a gangue material. For example I have found that zine sulfid disseminated through a gangue of dolomite may be successfully treated as follows: The ore is first mechanically concentrated, say to a 30% concentrate, and is then immersed in a highgravit-y solution containing for example 10% of sodium nitrate to which sulfuric acid as been added, referably in proporium sulfate. Efi'ervvescence occurs at first but ceases in a short time as the gangue material becomes coated with sulfate. At a temperature approximating 140 F., the zinc sulfid is found to rise'with substantial completeness, an ex amination of the gangue showing only 0.22% of' zinc remaining therein. The acid liquid in this case'reaets directly with the mineral particles, enveloping them in a gaseous sheath or envelop by which they are elevated. For the best results the ore should be ground to number ten mesh or finer, as if the particles are larger than this there is a tendency for the gas to escape in the form of bubbles without exerting its full efiiciency in raising the mineral.
I claim 1. The method of treating ores containing a plurality of mineral components, which consists in immersing the ore in a suitable solution, separately floating said mineral components by progressively raising the temperature of the solution, and removing at each rise of temperature the product separated during such rise.
'2. The method of treating ores containing a plurality of mineral components, which consists in immersing the ore in a suitable solution containing free nitric acid, separately floating said mineral components by progressively raising the temperature of the solution, and removing at each rise of temperature the product. separated during such use.
In testimony whereof, I afiix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.
ALEXANDER s. RAMAGE.
lVitnesses i CHARLES H. Po'rrER, N. P. LEONARD.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US46715308A US967671A (en) | 1908-12-12 | 1908-12-12 | Method of separating minerals. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US46715308A US967671A (en) | 1908-12-12 | 1908-12-12 | Method of separating minerals. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US967671A true US967671A (en) | 1910-08-16 |
Family
ID=3036063
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US46715308A Expired - Lifetime US967671A (en) | 1908-12-12 | 1908-12-12 | Method of separating minerals. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US967671A (en) |
-
1908
- 1908-12-12 US US46715308A patent/US967671A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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