US959120A

US959120A - Lightning-arrester.

Info

Publication number: US959120A
Application number: US49223209A
Authority: US
Inventors: William W Dean
Original assignee: DEAN ELECTRIC CO
Current assignee: DEAN ELECTRIC CO
Priority date: 1909-04-26
Filing date: 1909-04-26
Publication date: 1910-05-24
Anticipated expiration: 1927-05-24

Description

2 BHBETS-SHEFT 1.

0 R H/s Patented May 24,1910.

W/l/iam W Bea/7 W. W. DEAN.

LIGHTNING ARRESTER. I APPLIOATIOT FILED APR 26 1909 959,120.

' Affo ay W. W. DEAN. LIGHTNXNG ARRBSTER. APPLIOATION FILED APR. 26, 1909.

959,120. Patented May 24, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

2 23 I W'//' IZK ZZ/Q m H f/is Afar/76y finely divi UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE."

WILLIAM W. DEAN, 0F ELYRIA, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE DEAN ELECTRIC COMPANY,

OF ELYRIA, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

LIGHTNING-ARRESTER.

959,120. Specification of Letters Patent Patented May 24, 1910.

Application filed April 26, 1909. Serial No. 492,232. i

To all whom it may concern: discharge, leaving the edges thereof bare Be it known that I, VILLIAM lV. DEAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Elyria, in the county of Lorain and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Lightning-Arresters; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

Hitherto, particularly in telephone work, lightning arresters consisting of two pieces of metal separated by an air gap or three pieces each so separated from the other, and the center one grounded, have been in general use; but these have proven to be unreliable and unsatisfactory. Other forms used consist of two carbon blocks separated by a strip of celluloid or other insulating material. While these are more reliable,the arr-ester must-be renewed whenever a spark penetrates the celluloid and burns it out. This requires a trip by the trouble man after of conducting material. It is probable that some of the metal is fused, and while in such condition, is carried away from the edges. Other unknown agencies and causes may contribute to the successful operation 'of this device. but whatever be the causes or agencies which make itsuccessful, thepro-- tection sought is more particularly set forth in the appended claims. The lightning arrester is thus not disabled by. a. singledischarge of lightning; I preferably employ a precipitate of tin fixed together by some adhesion material. but any form of finely divided conducting material may be used.

Subsequent discharges will puncture the insulation at other points, always where the insulation is weakest, and always insulating the puncture from the conductors. The life of my arrester will depend upon the area dissipated at each discharge, and at the initial area given the conducting surface. I limit the latter to prevent introducing any condensance in my circuit, as the creation each storm, and renders the cost of operatof a condenser there will derogate from the ing rural lines almost prohibitive. merits of my device. I may also make these My invention relates to that form of lightlayers into a package by placing their surning arreste'r in which two conducting mafaces together and folding them back and terials separated by an insulating material, forth in the wellknown way certain fabrics are connected to the line leads. In my i'nare folded, or I may leave the whole flat and vention one or both of these conductors conplace it against the plane surface of the sists of finely divided or microscopic con- -telephone set. ducting material which may be deposited hile I have described and claimfid fi upon eithensurface of the insulator or upon llghtmng arrester, it is with the understandthe surface, of other insulators, and the two ing that this is only one form, of overload separated by the insulating material. The danger to which electrical apparatus is ex purpose of this is to cause the lightning arposed, and it will be apparent that my derestento automatically restoreitself to operative conditions after each discharge. After each discharge the finely divided metal proximate to the point of perforation, is found to have been dissipated and the two conducting surfaces are still insulated from each other. It is thought that when the dis charge of lightning pierces the insulator, the intense heat of the spark volatilizes the finely divided conducting material, or the surfaces thereof in proximity to the point of perforation so that the rest of the finely divided conducting material is insulated by this space from the area of the other conductor ex osed by the perforation. The ged metal around the perforation seems, to a certain extent,to be blown away from the perforation by the force of the all these. I contemplate its use-for any analogous purpose, and as a protectorv of electrical apparatus generally.

In case I use for my insulating n'zaterial sheets of paper or analogous,substances, I may roll them together with the sheetscf conducting material, leaving the terminals exposed.

My invention will be best understood by reference to the following description when,

illustrations, showing several specific embodiments thereof, while its scope will be more particularly pointed out in the ap pended claims,

paper having illell' interior surfaces covered vice will offer protection against any and taken in connection with the accompanying Figure 1 is a view showing two sheets of with this finely divided conducting material, and separated by a'sheet or insulation. Fig. 2 represents a modification of Fig.1, one of the terminals being shown as a sheet of conducting material. Fig. 3 shows the sheets rolled together with the terminals exposed ready for use. Fig. 1 shows a further modification showing alternate sheets of conducting and insulating material. Any of the conducting materials may consist of a finely divided conductor. Fig. 5 is a view of the circuits showing my lightning arrester in use. Fig. 0 is a modification of Fig. 5.

Referring to the drawings and to the embodiment of my invention there shown: in Fig. 1, 1 is a terminal of one of the lines which is connected to the finely divided con ductor 3, spread on the surface of a sheet of paper a is a sheet of insulating material, such as paper, laid upon the surface of they sheet- 2, and in contact with the conducting material Upon this is placed a third sheet 5 upon whose surface is spread another layer of conducting material 6. The terminal 7 is in contact with 6.

In Fig. 2 I show the sheet 2 of the tin foil or other conducting material which I substitute for sheet 2 in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 shows a terminal 1 connected to a conductor 2 which may be either a sheet of tin foil or a sheet of paper covered with this finely divided conducting material. Upon this I lay a sheet of insulation l, upon this a sheet of paper 5 having both surfaces covered with finely divided con ducting material. Both of these surfaces are connected with the terminal 11. Superimposed upon this is a sheet 4 of paper, and on this, another sheet 2. All these may be rolled together as shown in Fig. 5.

By connecting each of the terminals 1 and 9 to one of the line leads, and the terminal 11 to the ground, I Construct the form of lightning arrester illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. (3, where the conductor 16 connects the terminal 1 to the left line lead, and the conductor 17 connects the terminal 9 to the right line lead. The terminal 11- is grounded through 12.

In Fig. 5 I show a method of using all forms shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. 15 represents a conductor grounded at G. Each 13 and 14 show terminals connected to

contacts

20 and 21 which are those connected to the line leads L and It. I slip a lightning arrester, such as is shown in Fig. 3, between the

terminals

14 and 15, and another between 13 and 15, so that the

contacts

1 and 7 make connection with these terminals.

In addition to the advances made in this art by my improved arr-ester stated above, I furnish an arrester which is cheap of construction and when covered with a coating of shellac or other liquid insulator, is durable and is not liable to be short circuited by conductors accidentally or intentionally placed between the conducting members. Arresters are sometime short circuited by atmospheric moisture, but my coating of insulation renders my arrester impervious to moisture and obviates any such troubles. I also contemplate the use of small sheets of these materials made into a small package with the surfaces fiat against one another.

while I. have shown my improved lightning arrester mounted in these particular ways, it is obvious that I may mount it in any way to protect apparatus from lightning discharges. It will also be obvious to those skilled in the art, that numerous and extensive departures from the form and the details of the apparatus here shown, may be made without departing from the spirit of this invention, the same being herein shown solely for the purpose of clearly illustrating one specific embodiment thereof.

I claim:

1. As a means for protecting electrical apparatus from disruptive discharges, an insulator and conductors, one of which latter consists of finely divided conducting material adapted to be punctured and dissipated at the puncture by the discharge.

2. As a means for protecting electrical apparatus from disruptive discharges, two conductors and an insulator between them, one of said conductors consisting of finely divided conducting material adapted to be punctured and dissipated at the puncture by the discharge.

3. As a means for protecting electrical apparatus from disruptive discharges, a conductor consisting of finely divided conducting material adapted to be punctured and dissipated at the puncture by the discharge.

1. In a lightning arrester, the combination of two sheetsof finely divided conducting material separated by an insulator.

5. In a lightning arrester, a sheet of insulation having both sides coated with a layer of finely divided conducting material and a strip of insulation on either exterior side of the first named strip,

6. In a lightning arrester, the combination of a conductor, finely divided conducting material, a sheet of insulation upon one of whose surfaces the finely divided conducting material is deposited, and a sheet of insulation between the conductor and the finely divided conducting material.

7. In a lightning arrester, the combination of a conductor, finely divided conducting material, an insulator between the two, terminals to the conductors, the whole folded together into a roll with the terminals exposed.

8. In a lightning arrester, the combination of a conductor, an insulator in contact therewith, insulation upon whose surfaces are deposited finely divided conducting material, contacting with said insulator, a third conductor, and a second insulator between said third conductor and the insulating material.

9. 111 a lightning arrester', a layer of conducting material, a-layer of insulation, a

layer of finely divided conducting material, a second layerof insulation, a second layer of conducting material, terminals for said conductors, all folded together with the terminals exposed.

10. In a lightning arrester, the combination of two conductors, a sheet of finely divided conducting material and sheets of insulation between said conductors, and said sheet of finely divided conducting material.

11. In a lightning arrester, insulators, a sheet of microscopic conducting material between said vinsulators, and a sheet of conducting material on the outside of one of the insulators.

12. In a lightning arrester consisting of a strip of paper coated on one side with finely divided conducting material, a layer of conducting material, and a stri of thin paper all wound together in the orm of a roll, the paper being placed between the layer of conducting material and the coated surface of the first named strip of paper.

13. A lightning arrester consisting of a strip of paper, a layer of finely divided conducting material on either side ofsaid strip of paper,'two other la ers of conducting material, strips of insu ation placed between the conducting material, and all wound together into a roll.

1st. A lightning arrester consisting of two layers of finely dlvided conducting material, a strip of insulation between said layers, and

two other strips of insulation, one'on either exterior side of the whole.

15. As a means for protecting electrical:

material attached to each lead, an insulator between said conductors adapted to be unctured at high voltage discharges, one 0 said conductors adapted to be dissipated by the discharge in the vicinity of the puncture to isolate the puncture from the body of the conductor.

16. In a lightning arrester, conductors, an insulator puncturable by the lightning discharges and a conducting substance, whose volatile point is such that the conduct ing substance 1n proximity to the puncture is dissipated at each discharge, insulating the puncture from the remaining conductor.

17. In a lightning arrester, an insulator adapted to be penetrated by lightning discharges, and conductors of solid material adapted to be volatilized at the puncture by the discharge to insulate the puncture from the conductors.

18. In a lightning arrester, an insulator non-insulating at high voltages, and conductors of solid material adapted at high temperatures to be dissipated at the noninsulation points to isolate those points from the remalmng conductors.

19. In a lig t ling arrester, conductors, an insulator ada ted to be punctured at high voltage discharges, and a conductor of solid material adapted to be dissipated by the discharge at the punctures to isolate the puncture from the body of the conductor.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM W. DEAN. WVitnesses:

R. G. SANDS, F. O. RICHEY.