US954716A - Circuit-controller. - Google Patents

Description

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Patented' Apr. 12, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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GIRGUITJGONTBOLLER. v PPLIGATIUN FILED HAY 6,1909.

Patented Apr. 12, y19140.l

2 BHEE-TB-SHBET 2.

SEWALL CABOT, OF BROOKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS.

CIRCUIT-CONTROLLER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Applcatonled May 6, 1909. Serial No. 494,482.

To all whomitimay concern:

' Be it known that I, SEWALL CABo'r, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Brookline, in the county of Norfolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Circuit-Controllers, of which the following is a specification. v

My invention relates to circuit-controllers and more especially to devices for controlling the operation of sonorous or persist` ently oscillating circuits which areemployed in space telegraphy and other arts for creating hi h fre uency oscillations.

.The oject o my invention is to increase the pitch and improve the quality of the sound produced in a vtelephone receiver associated with an oscillation detector in a space telegraph receiving system.

In carrying out my invention I-provide the sonorous circuit of a space telegraph transmitting system with a circuit-controller having means for securing a plurality of dischar es in said sonorous circuit for each half-cye of the alternatingcurrent in the power circuit of'said system, said means bemg so constructed and arranged that 'the dis-A charges are separated by practically equal timeintervals; and I may employ means whereby all the discharges occur at substan tially the same potential. f When a source of alternating current is employed to energize a sonorous circuit having a sparlcgap ofv constant length in a space -telegrap transmitting system, the disc arges areseparated by equal time Aintervals and occur at the same potential only when said circuit is .prevented from lmaking more than one discharge per half-cycle and -each discharge takes place when the condenser in the circuit has reached its maximum potential. When more than one discharge er half-cycle occurs, as where an eX-l cess of v1n t e receiver by the action of electromagnnetic waves resulting from unequally, spaced discharges at the transmitting stationis a harging potential is impressed upon the condenser 41n the sonorous circuit, the

complex noise and not a .musical note such as is produced when the said discharges and the resultant trains of waves are separated' by equal time intervals. Space -telegraph s1gnals can be more accurately received' 'by a te ephone receiver associated with an' osv Patented Apr. 12', 1910..

cillation detector when the discharges at the transmitting station and'the resulting trains of waves are regularly spaced and a musical note is producedY in said receiver. The sen- .sitiveness of the human ear to vibrations` produced by a ltelephone receiver energizedA y vibratory currents is a function'of the frequency of said currents and the frequency ofthe vibrations for which the ear is most sensitive hasA been placed bv various authori" ties as between 640 andA 960 per second.v

Commercial alternating current generators arerarely designed for more than sixty cycles per second and the usual wave train frequency of 120 per second resulting when such a generator is employed for energizing a'sonorousfcircuit will be seen to be far below `that for which the earis most sensitive. While it is possiblebymeans of av specially designed alternating. c'urrent 'generator to create at the-transmitting. station electrical oscillations having a 'spark frequency as high as desired so that. the rate of 'vibrationv of the currents in the local receiving circuit including a telephonev receiver, shall have the same frequency, it isv desirable to em- .ploy in the primary power circuit a vibra.-

tory current'not greatly exceeding 60 cycles per second 1n frequency. Accordingly by 'my invention I `am enabled to retain for usev in space telegraphy the usual commercial alternating current rent.- of relatively ow frequency and at the same time secure as high a wave train frequency as desired, by roviding means for insuring a .plurality of) discharges per half generator producing `curcycle, thereby securing a musical note of the desired high pitch in a telephone receiver at.

the transmitting station. The quality of the sound heard in said receiver is improved by lconstructing and arranging `said means so that the discharges-will be separated by practically equal intervals of -time and by providing other means for causing said discharges' to occur at substantially the same potential.

My invention .may 'best be understood by' having reference'to the drawings which ac- A circuit.

company and form a part of this specification and which represent two arrangements ofv apparatus and circuits whereby the above specitied objects of my invention may be attained.

In the drawings Figure l represents, partly in diagram and partly in elevation, a space telegraph transmitting system provided with one embodiment of my improved circuitcontroller arranged to secure two discharges in the sonorous circuit for each half-cycle of alternating current in the power circuit. Fig. 1a is a section taken on the line ll-laL of Fig.- l. Fig. 2 represents partly in diagram and partly in elevation a space telegraph transmitting system pro-- vided with another embodiment of said circuit-controller arranged for securing three discharges in the sonorous circuit for each half-cycle of alternating current in the power Fig. 2a is a section taken on the line 2a of Fig. 2. Fig. 3 shows a development of the rotor constituting part of the apparatus represented in Fig. 2.

. In the igures V is an elevated transmitting conductor, E is an earth connection, and I2 are the primary and-secondary windings respectively of an oscillation transformer, C C1 etc. are condensers, K is a key,

I1 I2 are the primary and secondary windings respectively of the power circuit transformer, and A in the present instance represents a two-pole alternating current generator. The generator A and the bearing l of its shaft 2, or an extension thereof, may be mounted on the base 3. The brushes 5 contact the collector-rings 4 on said shaft.

and are connected to the key and 4primary of the power circuit transformer.' 9 is a dischargerconsisting in the present instance of a collar mounted on the shaft 2 and provided with two pairs of diametrically opposite electrodes H H, the four electrodes being equally spaced.

D D are two fixed electrodes connected to a sonorous circuit which includes the condenser C and the' primary I1. j Preferably the electrodes D D are arranged to be adjusted about the axis of rotation of the rotating electrodes H H As shown in the present case the stationary electrodes are carried by the insulatin arms 7 connected to the rocker-arm 6 which may be rotated about the bearing 1 through an angle of at leastlSQ degrees and locked in position by thehandle 8 in the usual manner.

A two-pole alternating current generator makes one revolution per cycle and since the Yelectrodes of the discharger rotate synchronously with said generator, two discharges inthe sonorous circuit are secured for each half-cycle of the alternating ourrent in the power circuit. By means of the adjustable rocker-arm a osition for the stationary., electrodes may e secured which will permit the two discharges of the condenser C to occur during each half cycle at substantially the same potential, and any further movement of the rocker-arm will increase the .potential of one discharge and: reduce'the other. In this manner the spark frequency ofthe oscillations developed in the sonorous circuit is ma'de greater than twice the frequency of the alternating current in the power circuit and thereby the pitch of the sound heard in the telephone receiver at the receiving station. is correspondingl, raised and at the same time the quality o said sound is improved bythe eqpalseparation of the successive discharges w ich occur at `the same potential.

It will be understood of course that I do not limit my invention to use with a two-I pole generator and that the same.may be applied to generators having a larger number of poles by the simple expedient of correspondingly increasing the number of pairs of rotatin electrodes. It will further be understoo that the rotatin electrodes maybe attached to the shaft o a synchronous motor energized by the same current which passes through the primary of the power circuit transformer.

Where it is desired to secure more than two discharges in the sonorous circuit for each half-cycle of current in .the power circuit, the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 maybe employed, In Fig. 2, 9 represents a metallic cylinder secured to the shaft 2 of the alternator A or as above explained, to the shaft of a synchronous motor) carrying two sets of `electrodes G1, H1, all in electrical contact therewith, and two plates F F which are insulated therefrom, as shown at 1() in Fig. 2a, and extend over nearly 180 degrees of its circumference. The rockerarm 6', which may be adjusted about the journal 1 and locked in adjusted position by the handle 8', carries the insulatin arm 7 to which are secured a series of e ectrodes Dl-DB, six of which are connected with the condensers (l1- CM respectively, as shown. The electrode D7 is connected to one terminal of the secondary I2 and the electrode D8 is connected to one terminal of the prilmary I1.

The arrangement of the rotating electrodes is best shown in Fig. 3. An electrode G is placed opposite an electrode H and the electrodes H, which are equally spaced about the circumference of the cylinder 9', all lie in a plane normal to the axis of rotation of said cylinder. The electrodes Gr are staggered and each is arranged to pass under one of the electrodes D which is connected with one of the condensers, the relative position of the series of electrodes D being indicated in dotted lines in the development of the cylinder shown in 3. The plate F is arranged to pass under t iree electrodes D which are connected with the condensers and also under the electrode D7 and the plate F is arranged .to pass under the other three electrodes D which are connected to the other three condensers and .also under the electrode D7. The electrodes H are arranged to pass under the electrode DS. Assuming that the cylinder is rotating in a clockwise direction with respectto an observer stationed at the alternator end and looking toward said cylinder, the electrodes D1, D2, D3, D, will simultaneously be over the plate F -or in contact therewith, and the condensers C1, C2, and C3 will be connected in parallel with each other and in series with the secondary of the power circuit transformer whereby they will be simultaneously charged. The further rotation of the cylinder will bring the electrode Gr,1 under the electrode D1 at the same time that the electrode I-I1 is under the electrode D8 whereby the said condenser will discharge across the gap or gaps between the two pairs of cooperating electrodes through the inductance I1, said condenser and inductance y constituting for the time being a sonorous circuit. In like manner the condensers C2 C3 successively discharge through said in-v ductance, and while the condensers of the first set are successively discharged during onehalf cycle of the alternating current in the power circuit, the condensers C,L C5 C6 .of the second setare being simultaneously charged, and further rotation of the cylinder during the next half cycle of said alternating current will cause the condensers of said second set tosuccessively discharge through the inductance I1 while the condensers of the first mentioned set are charging.

The rocker-arm 6 may be adjusted through an angle of at least 180 degrees about the axis of rotation of the cylinder 9 'so that each condenser will be charged with the maximum potential at the instan't the plate F or F passes away from the elecv trodes connected with said condensers.

It will be understood that a larger number of discharges in the sonorous circuit for each half-cycle may be obtained by correspondingly 'increasing the number of condensers in each set and providing the cylinder with additional electrodes.

In both modifications of my invention the several coperating electrodes may be in actual metallic engagement,l or as shown,

separated by a gap suiiiciently small to be` In bot-h cases the dischargesI is secured by spacing the rotating electrodes equally about the axis of their rotation. In the apparatus shown in Fig. l the adjustable rocker-arm is instrumental in causing the discharges to occur at the same potential while in the appara-tus shown in Fig. 2 thisrsult is eifected by the arrangement of the electrodes D with respect to the plates F and F the connections of all the condensers in a set with the power circuit transformer being simultaneously broken by one of lthe plates F F passing out of contact or cooperating position 'with the electrodes D of said condensers. The function of the rocker-arm 6 in Fig. 2 will therefore be seen to be different from thatJ of the rocker-arm 6 in Fig. l and it will be noted that in the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 the several condensers which constitute a set may be charged to the maximum potential of the alternating current, whereas in the apparatus shown in Fig. l the condenser C necessarily is charged with a potential less than said maximum.

It will be understood .that many modica tions may be made both in the apparatus and circuit arrangements herein described without departing from the principle of my invention.

I claim:

l. In combination, a sonorous circuit, a source ofalternating current associated therewith,- and a circuit-controller'- having means for securing a plurality of practically equally spaced dischargesI of substantially the same potential in said sonorous circuit, for each half-cycle of saidv alternating current.

2. In combination, a sonorous circuit, a source of alternating current lassociated therewith, a discharger in series with said sonorous circuit, said discharger comprising two sets of electrodes, oneof said sets of electrodes being arranged to secure a plurality of 'equally spaced discharges in said sonorous circuit 'for each half-cycle of VSaid alternating current, means for creating relative motion between said sets of electrodes in synchronism with said source of alternating current, and adjusting means for one of said sets of electrodes whereby said discharges are caused to occur at substantially.

said inductance coil and each condenser so discharged therethrough constituting for the time bemga s onorous circuit. s

4. In combination, two sets of condensers,

means .for charginglsaid sets of condensers successively, an inductance coil and means wherebyv the several condensers of each' set '5. In combination, a plurality of con-` densers, means for slmultaneously connecting the same in parallel with each other and in series with the source of alternating current, an inductance, and means whereby said condensers may be successively connected in series with said inductance.

6. In combination, two sets of condensers, means for simultaneously connecting the condensers of one set in parallel with each other and in series with a source of alternating current during one half-cycle of said alternating current, .means for simultaneously connecting the condensers of the other set in parallel with each other and in series with said source .of alternating current during the next half-cycle of said alternating current, an inductance, and means whereby the condensers of one set may be successively connected in series with said inductance while those of the other set are being connected in series with said source or' alternating current.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 3rd day of May SEWALL CABOT. Witnesses:

E. B. ToMLiNsoN, Gro. K. WooDWoRTH.

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