US954654A - Firearm. - Google Patents

Description

M. F. SMITH.

y PIREARM. APPLICATION FILED 00T. 2l, 1906.

954,654. Patented Apr. 12,1910.

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M. P. SMITH.

PIREARM.

APPLIoATIoN FILED 00T. 21, 1905.

` Patented Apr.12,1910.

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M. P. SMITH.

FIREARM. V APPLICATION FILED 00T. 21, 1905.

` Patented Apr. 12, 1910.

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M. F. SMITH.

HREABM. ARPLIOATION FILED 00T. 21, 1905.

Patented Apr'.'12,1910.

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@Montags MORRIS rom) SMITH, or PHILnmt-ITHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, assIGr-Noa 'roY SMITH- GONDIT ARMS COMPANY, 0F PHILADELFHIA, PIE!NNSYLVAN'IA; A./COBPORATION or NEW JERSEY.

kSpecication of Letters Patent.

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Patented npr. 12, 1910.

benennen medoctobe 21, 1905. seria1 No. 283,829.

Tc all 'whom'z't `'nzc'y concern:

Be it knownthat I', MORRIs'FoRD SMITH,

a citizen of the 'United States, and resident 'of Philadelphia, in the county 'of Philadelphialiand `State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful 'Improve A ments in Firearms, of which the v`is a specification.

following My invention relates to magazine tire arms and more especially to that type 1n which' the functions of opening the breech, discharging the spent shell, feeding a new -cartridge and closing the breech, are accomplished by-the 'act of tiring.

My invention has for an object to render such a gun easily convertible from automatic loading to hand loading or magazine reserve shooting and to facilitate the hand loading by interrupting or arresting the automatic operation after each shot with the breech open ready to receive a cartridge dropped in by hand and then permitting completion of the cycle of automatic movements by releasing the breech closure, the magazine being locked off during this use of the gun so as to be held in reserve.

Further objects areJ to provide -an improved means for locking the receiver and the frame together; an improved means for securing the gas cylinder to the barrel, said' j means being also Aadapted to hold the wooden casing to the barrel;l an improved firing mechanism; an improved magazine lock off and an improved means for retracting the breech bolt.

With these and other objects in'view, the invention consists in thev parts and combination of parts hereinafter described, shownin the accompanying drawings, andY more particularly pointed out intheja-ppended claims. In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of the receiver and the frame of the gun. vFig. .2 is a vertical longitudinal section through the receiver and the frame in position ready for tiring. Figs. '3 and 4 are respectively longitudinal sections of two-adl jacent portions of the barrel and the gas operated'parts. Fig. 5 is'a longitudinal-section, showing the reech bolt open and ready to return to firing position. Flg. 6 is a horizontal section through the recelver. Fig. 7 is a vertical transverse section on line 7-7,` Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a like section on linel 8-8 of the same Fig. 6. Fig. 9 is a like section on line 9-49, Fig. 2. Figs. 10 and 11 are' may be adapted to guns of other types.

perspective views'respectively of the magai zinelocl': off slide and its operating slide. Flg. 12 1s an 1ns1de view of one wall of the magazine, showing the lock off 'slide lowered. Flg. 13 is a perspective view o f the trigger land the connector. Fig. 14 is a Side elevation of the latch or'detenta-1to1engal ging the members of the driverod'. Fig. '15- isa detall perspective view of a portion ofthe drlve'rods and latch or datent. Fig. 16- isa vlongitudinal section through one wall ofthe receiver, showin the retractin lslide land one member of t e drive rod. ig. 17 is an end view .of the retracting slide. Fig. 18 1s a longitudinal section of the retracting arm. Flgs. 19 and 20 are detail sectionalV views showing the two positions of the retractinr arm.

whii 1 have 11d-eidA shown and described my improvements as applied to a gun of the type shown in my Patents No. 814,242, dated March 6, 1906, No. 817,198, dated April 10, 1906, and N o. 818,920, dated April 24, 1906, it is to be understood that the improvements Assembling gum-In the gun shown, A indicates a stock having a frame B rigidly secured thereto. Theforward portion of the frame is provided with a recess 1 in which enters the lug 2 on the receiver or barrel extension 3 and holds the front part of theirame and the receiver together. The

upper edge of the frame is provided with grooves 4e, one on each side and in these grooves fit tongues 5 on the receiver 3.

Locking the frame and the receiver tof galten-I combine with this construction a particular form of locking device which I have found to be simple and effective for locking the rear of the receiver to the frame. This locking device comprises a lug 6 on the rear end of the receiver adapted to enter a notch 7 in a projection 8 on the'frame. The frame and receiver, when connected together, are locked by a latch 9 pivoted intermediate its ends at l0 and pressed upwardly atits rear end by a coil s ring 11. When the receiver is slid rearwar ly on the frame, the latch is-engaged by the receiver and depressed". After the lug 6 enters the notch, the latch moves, under the action of its spring', behind a shoulder 12 on the receiver. To separate the receiver*y and the frame,- a projectile or other pointed device is introneed through an opening 13- in the framel to engage the forward end of the latch to move the latter out of the path of the shoulder 12.

Breeze/z bolt and its operating mechanz'sm.-Arranged to move on tracks 14 within the receiver and on the tracks 15 on the top of the frame is a breech bolt C which is locked to the breech of the barrel D preferably by a pivoted locking bolt 16 engaging a shoulder 17 in the receiver and moved into and out of locking position by a drive rod. The rear end of the breech bolt carries projecting coil springs C which are adapted to engage the rear of the recelver and prevent any shock being transmitted to the bolt. This drive rod is composed of a piston rod 18 and a bifurcated rear end portion forming two members V19 arranged on either side of the breech bolt and connected thereto in any suitable manner, such, for instance, as shown in my Patent #817 ,198. The piston rod carries a piston 20 and extends through a lug 21 depending from the barrelv and works in a tube or cylinder 22 seated at one end in the lug 21. As an im rovement over my Patent #817,198 this tu e is seated at its other end in a member 23 which is hung fromthe barrel by la sleeve 24 and is pro.- vided with passageway 25 that communicates with a transverse port 26, this port bein in communication with the bore `of the arrel near one end of the latter to take powder gases from the barrel as usual. This member 23 slides on the barrel from the muzzle end and is held at its rear against an annular shoulder 27 on the barrel, by means of a sliding in 28 and a sleeve 29 which in' turn is loc ed by an eccentric pin 33. Also carried by the member 23 is a rib 31 which forlns a seat for one end of a hollow wooden casing which surrounds the barrel `and the cylinder, the other end ofthe casing being seated in the front ends of the receiver 3 and the frame B. The drive rod is cushioned by dash pot 32 and returned by a coil spring 33, the constructions of both forming no part of the present invention.

Firing mechanism/. ,The breech bolt C carries a firing pin or striker 34 which is pressed forwardly by a coil spring 35 mounted in the hollow rear end ofthe striker and bearing against a removable abutment 36. This firing pin is moved rearwardly in the breechbolt by lugs on the drive rod, as shown in my previous patents, and, immediately before the breech bolt reaches its firing position, a sear 37 preferably pivoted to the frame below the breech bolt in the manner set forth in my Patent #817,198, enters into engagement with a shoulder 38 on the firing pin and holds the latter in firing position. The sear is pressed upwardly by a spring 37".

In a semi-automatic gun it is well recognized that it is necessary to provide means for releasing the sear before the trigger is released. In my Patents #817 ,198 and #818,920, I accomplish this result by shiftlng the trigger. This, however, has some disadvantages and in my present construction, I provide a fixed fulcrum 42 for the trigger 36 and an intermediate pivoted member or connector 40 between the sear and the trigger. this connector being provided with a shiftable fulcrum. The trlgger is mounted 754 between the side walls of the frame, the side walls being provided with alined perforations 41 lshown in dotted lines in Fig. 7 into which are adapted to project trunnlons 42 carried by the trigger. These trunnions 80 42 are vadapted to be pressed within the trigger to permit'the trigger to be withdrawn from the frame, the trunnions each having a pin and slot connection 43 with the trigger and being pressed outwardly by a' 85 i spring 44. The trigger is further provided with a rearward extension 45 having a curved face 46. This extension is straddled by the bifurcated rear end of the connector 40 which is formed on its upper rear 90 face with a shoulder 47 lying inthe path of shoulders 48 on the under side of the breech bolt, and has its under face provided with a plane surface 49 slidable on the curved face 46; thus providing a loose con- 95 nection between the trigger and the connector. In fr'ont of the surface 49 the connector lies below the trunnions 42 and on opposite sides of the trigger, while in front of the trigger the connector is formed with a hollow portion or bore 50 in which works a block 51. This block 51 has loosely eX- tending therethrough a pivot pin 52 whose ends are secured within the arms of a U shaped`cradle 53 which has dovetailed con- 105 nections 54 with opposite sides of the frame, thus permitting the cradle and the connector to be withdrawn vertically from the fralne. The forward end of the connector` 40 is provided with a nose 40a which lies normally 110 above the rear free end of the sear, and is held in this position by` a helical spring 55 arranged in the bore 50 and abutting the forward end wall of t-he bore and the front end of the block 51. The forward ,end of the connector 40 is -normally held in a raised position by a helical spring 56 whose upper end surrounds a lug 57 depending from the connector and whose lower end is seated in a pocket 56a in the frame below the con- 120 nector. y

It is apparent that, with the parts as shown in Fig. 2, if the trigger is pulled, the rear end of the connector 40 will be elevated and the front end willbe depressed, thus causing the sear to release the firing pin and the cartridge to be fired. Upon the rearward movement of the breech bolt, the shoulder '48 will engage the shoulder 47 on the connector and move the connector to 133 release'the sear. OwingA to the loose connecthe trigger will not be alfected. On the forward' movement of the breech bolt, the coni nector is released and moves forward under the action of its s ring 55. If the trlgger has been released t e connectorl will now'. lie in the position shown in Fig. 2, but, -if'the trigger is still held, the forward end of theconnector will engage the rear end of' the sear and when the trigger is released will ride abovethe scar. l i

A lock for the firing mechanism may be provided, thatshown consisting of a lever 97 pivoted intermediate of its ends at 98 and havingits upper end adapted to be thrown/ beneath thesear and its lowerend projecting through a slot 99 in the bottom of the frame. Y

H and loading-.An automatic gun is desirable both in hunting and in warfare, in the `former 'when the object aimed at is missed on'the irst fire and will escape-if hand reloading is necessary; and in"the latter when the warfare is being conductedin' close quarters. However, in both hunting v and in' warfare it is unnecessary to at all times have an automatic magazine gun and therefore the magazine may be held in Areserve until' actually needed, and the breech may be prevented from returning to firing position soqthat a projectile may beintroduced into therbarrel by hand. I

Magazine lock olf-To hold the magazine in'reserve, I provide a magazine lockotl. This magazinelock off hasbeen'adapted for that type of magazine arranged on the forward endof the frame and sliown in my previous patents-in' which the cartridges 60a` are arranged in two rows and are fed into the magazine through the'bottom ofthe latter, the bottom beingH closedby av cover 58 hingedat'58 and caiq'gifyingga feedingl lever 59' which isymoved a spring 60 to feed the cartridges through the contracted discharge ofthe magazine. The contracted discharge is formed by 'two overhanging. lips' 61 and 62, one Iextending inwardly from each wall of the magazine, and both gradually,

decreasingl in thickness from their rear ends so that they arelpositioned some distance fontnend ofthe magazine. discharge 1s thus less in width at its rea-r than the diameter of a cartridge so thatr the shell of a cartridge cannot enter the receiver under the action of the feeding lever but has to be moved through the front end of the discharge of the magazine and into the barrel, by the front end of the breecli bolt, the lower portion of which is'adapted to fit between tlre loverhanging lips. This construction of magazine is, ,as before stated, old.,

To lock ofll the magazine, a portion of one wall of the magazine is formed into a vertical slide 63 which carries a portion 61a of one of tliesoverhanging lips. Thi slide has a` tongue and groove connection 63a with the adjacent portions of the magazine Awall and on itsiouter face is provided with a lug 61 lug 64 extends into a longitudinal cam groove 65 on one face of a slide 66 arranged lto move transversely of the slide 63 and on a track 67 which is positioned on the outto the slide 66 is a. leaf spring 68 Awhich is. formed with a projection 69 at its free end, adapted-to enter notches in the frame and thus to hold slide 66 in bot-h of its extreme be depressed and vice versa, thus providing Aa 'means-for operating the slide 63. 'The overhanging 11p-on slide 63 forms a means f --press the same 'and preventit beingjed into thelpath of the breech bolt, thus preventing feedlng from the magazine.

Automatically locking breechtolt open.-

that :i1-projectile may be introduced through the discharge opening 71 and thus feedfindependently of the magazine, I provide .a latch or 'detent comprising two arms 7 2vconapproximately horizontal and are pivoted at their forward ends as at 74, within the gun frame adjacent to the stock. On their outer faces, these arms carry lugs or shoulbeveled rear ends 76 of the drive rod members 19. These beveled ends of the drive rod canse the depression of the latch which, then and causes the lugs or shoulders to enter notches in the under side ofthe members 19 safid notches, and thus prevent the return of the breech bolt and thus permit it to return to firing position there is provided a releasing device in the form of a trip or lever 79 pivoted intermediate of its ends at v8O. and

frame at the rear of -the receiver, and at the piece,l and its other portion extending into the frame "land provided with a nose 8,1

cross piece 73, o f the two-armed detent 7 2 (Figs. 2, 5, 14 and 15)-, When the nose is positioned in the forward portion of the groove in front of shoulder 8.2a as shown 1n by its spring 77 to position shown in Fig. 2 partly Fin full lines and artly-in dotted lines and bydotted lines in Fig. 14 where. its shoulders 75 canengage shoulders 78 on formed with vbeveled faces 64 and 64b. This 70` side of the gun frame. Secured ,at one end 75 positions. When the slide 66 is moved to 80 ,the rear by linger piece 7 Othe slide 63 will tol'enga'ge the uppermost cartridge to de- 85 To cause the breech bolt to remainopen so nected by a cross piece 73. The two arms lie ders 75 which, when the rear end of the latch 100 or detent is elevated, lie in the path of the),

under the action of a helical spring .77, rises 105 and to engage the shoulders 78 formed by ldrive rod and-the breech bolt. To release having one portion projecting above the forward end of the grip, to provide a. 'finger Y adapted to. move in a cam gropve 82 in the Fig. 2, the latch or detent- 72 will be raised 125 the drive rod membedrs; and when'said nose a bolt will move to firing osition.

Retraotng breech bo t by lumi-The breech bolt may also be retracted by hand.

For this purpose, a slide or bolt 83 is ar ranged to reciprocate upon tracks 84 arranged upon the side of the receiver. This slidecarries on its front end an arm 85 which is journaled upon a bearing or pin 86 carried by the slide. This arm is formed with a` nos'e or'projection 87 adapted when the/arm is -thrown upwardlyt pass into a slot 88 in the receiver and en age in a notch 89 in a member 190i?L the drive rod. l If, in this,position,`the arm 85 is pulled to the rear, the slide 83 and theI drive rod with the oree'ch bolt will also bedrawn tq the rear. The .breech boltl may in this position be locked either by detent in the rear of the receiver orvby the spring latch 90 carried by the slide and adapted to en 21g? in a'notch 91 in lthe receiveru When t e arm 85 lis in an inoperativeposition the breech bolt4 and drive rod are disconnected therefrom', The

end of the slide 83 is also provided with 'an' arcuate groove 92 concentric withthe pivot of the arm 85, and the arm is provided with a pin 93 which 'works in the groovefand limits the swinging movement ofthe arm. To

prevent the free -swinging'of the arm 85,

said arm is made with a central bore closed at the outer end ofthe arm and terminating at the pivot in 86. In this bore is arranged a helical spring 94 which bears at its outer end against a removable plug 95 closing the outer end of the bore, and bears at its inner end against ablock or plunger 96 frictionally engaging'the pin 86.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new therein and desire to securev by Letters Patent is:

1. In an automatic fire arm; a barrel, ,a

'- breech bolt, a drive rod automatically mov- .ing said breech bolt to and from the breech ol the barrel, rin mechanism arranged to fire the gun while die breech .is closed and a detent inde endent of the fir-ing mechanism automatica y engagin the drive rod while the breech is open and holding the breech bolt in such position until the drive rod is released.

2. In a firearm having a breech-bolt, a pair .of drive rods moving to o en said breech-bolt on firing, a releasable etent automatically engagingeachof the said drive rods to detain the breebh-bolt in o en osition, cooking means, independentV o sai Adetent, and re easing mechanism 'operative to the breech.

the breech, to cause'firing; said detent-comprising a pair of pivoted arms, each having engaging means, that restrain the breechbolt on one side thereof.

4. In a Vfire arm, having a breech closure automatically opening as a result of firingJ automatic closing means for said breech clpsure, a detent engaging the closing means, means releasing said detent to permit closing the bregch, and firing mechanism operative at will, after closing of the breech, independent of the detent releasing means.

5. A fire arm having a breech-closure, au-

tomatic breech-opening mechanism, automatic breech closing mechanism, a detent locking the breech-closure in open position, 'means releasing said detent to permi ,automatic action in the closing means an vfiring mechanism, tion, a sear independent of the detent stading in engagement with and restraining the ignition-causing means after closure 'of the breech, tent-rc easing' means, for releasing the sear and causing firing.. y

6.'In an automatic magazine iire arm, automatic means holding the breech open on firing, and means for preventing the feeding ofV cartridges from the magazine, comprising means for depressing the column of cartrrdges and means for holding said depressing means in its depressed position.

7. A firearm having means automatically holding openthe breech at time of firing and means whereby the magazine is prevented from presenting a cartridge in position for insertion into the gun' comprising a deembodying means causing ignir and means independent o f `the device for degressing the column of cartridges.;

recess near the rear thereof, a receiver having'a separable connection with the front ofthe frame, and a lug at its rear to enter the recess in the frame, and a'- latch pivoted to the lframe and arranged in the path of and adapted to engage the receiver to hold the lug in the recess.

9. In a gun, the combination of a frame, having a ecess at its rear; a receiver having a separab e connection with the front of the frame, a tongue and groove connection with the sides of the frame, and a lug to enter the recess in the frame; and aA latch pivoted intermediate of its ends and having its upper end arranged to be depressed by the receiver in assembling the gun and to engage the receiver and hold the ug in the recess. A

iis

frame, of a receiver having a separable con- 4 nection with the front of the frame and an interlocking connection with the rear of the frame, and a latch pivoted intermediate of p its ends and having its upper end arranged to be depressed by the receiver in assembling the gun and then to engage the receiver and hold Vit interlocked with the rear `of the.

V from, and a removable casing for the barrel and the cylinder, seated at its forward end in the' removable member.

' -12. A member for gas operated guns provided with a gas port, a seat for a gas cylinder, a sleeve to fit agun barrel, and a scat for a n casing.

13. n an automatic `gun, the combination with a breech bolt, of a sear, a trigger, and a connectorbetween'the sear and the trigger, having a shiftable fulcrum and shifted i by the breech bolt.

14. -In an automatic gun, the combination with the breech bolt, of a Sear, a trigger having a rearward extension, and a connector adapted to be engaged by the rearward extension of thetrig er and bythe breech bolt, and having apshlftable fulCrum.

.15. In an automatic gun, the combination with a breech bolt, of a Sear, a trigger, and a connector operated bythe breech bolt and having. a block slidable thereon and carrying the pivots of the connector.

16. In an automatic gun, the combination'f with the breech bolt, of a Sear, a trigger, and

a connector between the trigger and the Sear,

having a loose connection with the trigger, and provided with a sliding block carrying a pivot. and a spring tending to move the connector cto the sear.

17. In an automatic gun, the combination with the breech bolt moving automatically upon tiring, of a striker, a sear for said striker, a trigger, and a connector between the trigger and the sear, comprising an intermediately pivoted lever engaging the sear and trigger by its'res ective ends. and longitudinally movable in ependently lof both the sear and trigger,land engaged by the loreechv 4bolt and carried rearwardly to remove it from the sear when the breech opens.

18. In a gun, a rgun frame having a magazine opening formed at the forward end thereof, .saidma'gazine opening having a movable bottom closure mounted .on the frame and lips extending from .its opposite -walls; andzmeans for depressing a portlon of one of said lips.

19. In a un, the combination with the magazine,J of a vertical slide carrying means to engagethe cartridges and cause the depression of'the latter, 1n a direction opposite to the feed, when the slide is depressed, and means holding the slide in depressed vposition, thereby preventing feed -of the cartridges.

20. In a gun, the combination with a magazine, of a vertical slide for depressing the cartridges, and a slide movable transversely of the vertical slide and having a cam connection therewith. y

21. In a gun, the combination with a magazine, laving cartridge retaining lips eX- tending from opposite walls thereof at the rear of the magazine onlyof means for depressing a portion of one of said lips.

22. In a gun, a gun frame having a magazine opening formed `at the forward end4 thereof, said magazine opening having a movable bottom closure; lips extendlng from its opposite walls; and a vertically depressible slide formingv part of, a wall of the magazine opening and carrying a'portion of one of the lips.

23. .In an automatic gun, the combination dri-.ye-rod-.for moving the breech bolt, of a firing mechanism for firin the gun operablewith the breech bolt and the gas operated anism for engaging the drive rod to hold the breech open, and means for preyentin'g fthe latch 'engaging the drive rod.

24. In an automat-ic gun, the combination with the breech bolt, and a gas loperated drive rod having a bifurcated rear end, of a latch formed oftwo arms and a cross-piece, pivoted at its front and adapted to engage the drive rod. I

25. In an automatic gun, the combination with the breech bolt, and a gas-operated drive rod having abifurcated rear` end, of a latch formed of two arms and a cross piece, pivoted at its front and adapted to engage the drive od, and a trip adapted to engage the latch and operate thesame.i

l26. In a gun, the combinatlon with the drive rod, of a ysliding retracting bolt carrying. an arm movable relatively to the bolt into and -out of'engagernent with the drive ro v` r1`he foregoing specification signed at Phil-4

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