US952707A

US952707A - Pneumatic-hammer.

Info

Publication number: US952707A
Application number: US50746209A
Authority: US
Inventors: Max Maximilian
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1909-07-14
Filing date: 1909-07-14
Publication date: 1910-03-22
Anticipated expiration: 1927-03-22

Description

yM. MAXIMlLIAN., PNEUMATIG HAMMER. APPLIGATION'PILEy'JULY 14.' 1909.

Patented Mar. 22, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

@wais fr.. w w Z 8 6 4 w to mersl which are. used for riveting,

fil)

UNTED LS? PAENT GFFC.

MAX MAXMILIAN, OF BUFFALO, NEW' YORK.

minoritario HAMMER.

sit-ener To all whom tt may concern.' t

Be it known that I, MAX MAXIMiLIAN, a subject ot the Emperor of Germany, residing at Bnil'alo, in the. county of Erie and State et New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Pneumatic Hammers7 of which therollowing is a specitication. i

This invention relates to pneumatic hainchipping and Similar purposes.

In hammers of this character as hereto- Jfore constructed itl has been necessary to first shut the valve in the main air supply tube or hose before the hammer couldbe detached from this air supply tube` other-nis#- the air would 'be wasted and the tube would be viole tly whipped by the action ot the escaping air and endanger the. workman.

(lne of the objects ot this invention Vis to provide means the escape ot air instant that ,the the pneumatic the necessity ot' trom the supply tnbe the same is disconnected from hammer, tl'iereby avoiding` turning;- oit the air in the maiu air suppl);Y tube. and also avoiding the possibility oli being: iniured.

ln prior pneumatic hanuners it heen customary to torni the seatv tor the air reversingY valve directly on the valve box whit-h necessitated replacing;` the entire box when the. valve seat became worn. .ly improved pneumatic hammer is designed to overcome this objection by the valve ho.\' with a separate seat or `aide tor the air reversing' valve which is'removahle and therefore easily renewable when worn out withont. neeessitatitt; the renewal ol' the entire valve box.

Another 'feature ot novelty in my intproved pnennnttic hammer consists4 in so organizing the. 'reversing air valve mechanism that the piston during its` reciprocatingl movement. passes into and out ot the reversineI valve which latter tor this purpose is preferably made of tnhnlar l'orm and movable lengthwise between inner and outer tubular guides or valve seats and thas permits ot materially shortening the hammer.

l `or they purpose ot enablingy the piston to 'he started promptly trom the extreme upper or rear end ot its stroke, the. upper end ot the. piston is beveled or tapered so as to permit the. compressed air to operate npon the same more etlieiently in etiecting the initial portion of its downward or 'forward move-- has also Specification of Letters latent.

Application filed July 16v., 1909.

for automatically cutting ottn t providing' Serial No. 507,462

ment, the piston being preferably tapered or beveled at both ends so as to avoid the necessity of special care on the part or' the operator in introducing the piston into-,the power cylinder.

Another in'iprovementin this hannner consists in providing means, whereby the piston mavbe permitted ton-lake a long tst'rolte Jfor doing heavy work or stopped short ot its inll stroke when a short stroke is required 'lor iight. work.

Another object ot this invention is to provide simple means for lubricatingl the piston and operatingl the lubricating means by motion derived from the piston.

In the accompanying drawings eonsi`ting et 2 sheets: Figure l is a fragmentary longitudinal section ol a' pneumatic hammer embodying; my improvements and showii'ig the lair reversir-.g valve in the position in which air is admitted to the upper end oit the power cylinder aud the dead or spent air is exhausted t'rom the lower end thereof. Fig. is a fragmentary view similar to Fig. l ont showing` the air reversing valve in the position in which the lire or compressed a ir is admitted to the lower end oit the power cylinder and the. dead or spent air is exhausted it'rom the upper end of the same. Figi. il a fragmentary longitudinal seetion. taken on a line ditterentfrom Figs. `l and 2. and showing the live air connections whereby air is admitted to the lower end of the reversing valve toi-aiding' in raisingthe latter and holding the same in its elevated position. Figs. -l and 5 are transverse seetions in the corresptnidingly numbered lines in lfir. respectively. Fig. G is a tragi mentary longitudinal section ol' the pneun'tatitI hammer. showing means for stopping the movement ot the piston or long stroke when a short stroke of the same is desired. FigA 't' is a sectional elevation ot' the hammer on arednced scale.

Similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughouty the. several views.

ln its l"eneral' 'or'anivation` mv im roved tp e. pneumatic hammer comprises a. power cylinder l which is provided at its front. or

lower end with a rivet set 2 or other tool which is to be operated` a piston S reciprocating' lengthwise in the power cylinder, a valve chest 4r arranged at the upper or rear end of the power cylinder. a handle 5 detaeliahly connected with the upper orrear Patented Mar. 22, 191%.

short ot its full air delivery conduit 7 which leads from the inlet nipple 8 at the upper end of the handle downwardly to the reversing valve mechanism and may be of any suitable construction but preferably consists of a tubular valve seat 9 arranged in a correspondingly-shaped opening extending across the delivery conduit or passage 7 and having two openings 10 arranged on opposite sides in line with the adjacent parts of the delivery conduit, a cylindrical slide valve having enlarged end portions 11, 12 engaging with the bore of the valve seat and a reduced central part 13 connecting the enlarged end parts, a spring' 14 bearing against the inner end of the throttle valve and operating to move the same backwardly, so that the front part of the valve closes the lower port 10 and cuts oit the supply of air to the hammer, and a trigger' 14() pivoted on the upper part of the handle and adapted when depressed to engage with the outer end of the valve and shift the latter forwardly, so that the enlarged front part thereorl uncovers the lower port 10 and permits the compressed air to pass to the reversing valve mechanism and the power cylinder. y

The automatic check valve whereby the escape of air from the main supply tube is cut off upon detaching this tube from the handle of the hammer is preferably combined with and forms part of the means whereby this tube is detachably connected with the hammer, the means for this purpose shown in the drawings being preferred and constructed as' follows:

l5 represents thc tubular casing oryhousing of the check valve which is provided at its rear end with a nipple 1G inserted in .the front end of the main air supply tubo and permanently secured thereto by means valve casing and having a valve stem22 which extends forwardly through the delivery nozzle beyond the front end of the same. Upon screwing the nozzle 18 .into the nipple 8 the front end of the valve stem 22 engages with the' periphery of the tubular valve seat of the throttle valvey or other stationary abutment, whereby the check valve is moved rearwardly away from its seat and air is permitted to pass from the supply tube or hose into the delivery conduit of the pneu- Amatic hammer. Upon unscrewing the nozzle of the check valve casing from the nipple of the delivery conduit 7, the pressure' of the air in thej supply tube against the back of the check valve forces the latter against its'seat in the casing thereby automatically cutting oil' the escape of air from the tube.` By this moans it is unnecessary to first turn oli;1 the vair in the main supply tube near the air compressor or the main supply pipe as has been customary heretofore, thereby not only the workman as frequently occurs when the air supply tube is detached from the pneumatic hammer without first cutting on. the air supply to the tube,

v The air reversing valve mechanism com prises generally an inner tubular valve guide ranged around the upper part of the inner guide, an outer tubular. valve guide orA seat: 25 surrounding the tubular valve, a tubular valve box 26 surrounding the outer valve guide, and a circular top, plug or cap 27 extending over the opening within the bore of `the inner and outer valve guides and valve upper ends of the outer valvel guide and valve box while its upper side engages with the underside of the handle 5.

The-inner valve guide or seat has its bore cylinder and arranged axially in line there- 'with and has an upper narrow part which is provided with an annular row of upper exhaust ports 28 through which the spent air is permitted to escape from the upper end of the power cylinder' and a lower wide part which is seated with its underside on a shoulder 29 formed between the power cylinder and the' valve chest while its upper side is provided with an upper annular shoulder or seat 23, 'a tubular reversirrgvalve 24 ari saving time but also preventing injury to and resting with its underside against the les of the same diameter as that of the power cylinder.

is provided with an annular groove Above its lower edge and in its wide part. the reversingvalve provided with inner and outer annular grooves. ill. Z55. which are formed respectivclv in the horc and the peripher)v otl this valve and are connected lrv a pluralit v ot' radial openings or passages it'. hovc the annular channels or grooves -l-l. 35 and the connecting passages 3G the wide lower part ot the reversing valve is provided in its peripher)Y with an annular transfer passage ill', the lower side otf which i'orins a pressure tace or shoulder 38. Above this transfer passage the upper narrow part of the reversing valve is provided in itsV peripher \v with an annular upwardlv facing shoulder' or pre-snrc i'aee 232i.

The outer tubular' guide rests with its ner guide and is provided above its lower edo'c with a valve retaining port 110 and a vent port: il which are adapted to be closed Vhy the lower part of the valve when the same, is lowered and to be uncovered b v this part of the valve when the saine is raised. Above the retaining and vent ports, the outer guide is provided with an annular row of n'iain air ports ft2 which are ar 'ai'iged transversely opposite the upper c vlinder exhaust pg'ts of the inner guide and serve as part ot' the outlet or passageway for the air exhausted from both ends of the power Above the main ports.l the outer guide is provided with an annular row of alternating ports lli which serve at one time as air admission ports through which coml ln'essed air passes intothe lower end ot the power cylinder and at another time as exhaust ports for carrying the air from the lower end of the power c vlinder to the, atinosphere. In line with those alternating ports the outer valve guide or seat is providedl in its-bore with a downwardl)Y facing annular shoulder 44- and above this shoulder and the alternating ports, the outer guide is provided with an annular row of lower piston shifting ports 45, whereby the air is adi witted to the lower end of the power cyliir der t'or raising the piston. Above the lower ypiston shifting ports the outer guide is provided with an upper valve shitting port 4o to which air passt for moving the reversing valve dmvnwardly. 'Iraiisverselv in line with the upper valve shifting port the bore of the outer -val ve guide provided with a downwardly facing shoulder l? which is arranged'opposite the upwardly facing shonlT der 39 ofthe reversing valve. Above the last mentioned shoulder ot' the outer guide the latter is provided with an annular row o upper piston shifting ports 4S whereby air is admitted to the upper end ot' the power cylinder for pushing or moving the piston downwardly in tte cylinder. y

The valve hoi;l fits with its' periphery into 32'. l the bore ot the valve chest, its lower end rests upon the lower shoulder of the inner guide. the lower part of its here engages with the lower large or wide part oll the outer guide. while the upper part of its here opposite the ports lo. JAS. 48 otl the outer `guide is separated b v an intervening passage t9 YFrom the upper part' ot' the outer guide, this passage. being prete 'ablv formed by reducing this part oli the outer guide, as :shown in Figs. l and 2. ln its lower part the valve-hox is provided with a plurality of longitudinal passagcsi() each ot' which opens inwardly into an annular passage or groove .31 torined in the bore ot' the. valvedoox and communicating with the alternating ports ot' thtJ outer guide while its lower end eon'innnncates with an obliquepassage-Zin the lower end on the lower shoulder ot the 1ni enlarged lower part of the inner guide, this last mentioned passage in turn communirating with a longitudinal passage .53 formed in the wall ot' the power cylinder and extending to the lower end of the bore ot: this cylinder. as shown in Figs. l and 0.

0n one side the valve box is provided with a longitudinal passage 54 which opens at its upper end into the passage 4t) between the upper part of the bore ot the valve hox and the upper part ofi the outer guide while its lower end communicates with the valve retaining port l0 ot the outer gui-de.r shown in Fig. 3. Un its opposite sides the valve box is provided with a passage which places the vent port -ll in connnunication with the nearest longitudinal a'ir passage at).

ln the' lower part ol the valve box and alternating with thtl longitudinal passages .3() the saine is provided with a pluralitv ot longitudinal passages 5t each ol which coiniuunicates at its upper end with an annular passage 5T formed in the bore olt the valve box in lin'.- with the main exhaust ports -l-L) ot the outer valve guide while its lower end communicates with an exhaust passage as tornied in the lower enlarged partv ol"the inner gnidtl and tlnl last mentioned passage in turn communimting with an exhaust pas sage 5'.) 'orined in the adjacent part ot' thtl wall olI the power c vlinder and opening to the atmosphere.

ttt) represents a plurality ot longitudinal passages arranged in the enlarged lower part ol' the inner valve guide and cach open.-

lingl at its upper end through the upper Clt 'i 'i o valve is limited by engagement of its lower end with the upper shoulder of the inner guide, as shown in Fig. 1. The upward movement of the reverslng valve is limited by engagement ofits upper shoulder 39 with the downwardly facing shoulder Lt7 of the outer guide, as shown in Fig. 2. The cap or top oi' the reversing valve mechanism is provided with a/plurality of air passages 62 which commuuieat e at their upper ends with the main air delivery conduit 7 while their lower ends communicate with the air passago 49. 'lransversely in line with its upper shoulder 39 the reversing valve is provided with one or .more vent. ports G3.

In the position ot' the parts shown in Fig. l, the piston is in its highest position and the reversing valve is lowered fo' admitting compressed air intothe space above the piston for propelling the saine downwardly while thelower end of the power cylinder is connected with the atmosphere for permitting the air to exhaust therefrom. In this position of the reversing valve the compressed air passes successively from the delivery conduit 7 downwardly through the passages (32 in the top or cap, thence Vdownwardly through the passage lt) between the valve box and upper part of the outer guide, thence .through the upper ports 48 of the outer valve guide, and thence into the space above the-iu per end of the piston, whereby the latter is moved forwardly or downwardly by the pressure ot'the air against the same. Some ofthe compressed air also enters through the ports #.tt, 63 and bears against the upper end ofthe pistonand assists iny propelling the same forwardly after the sani has passed the ports (33 during the 40 iiiitial portion ot its downward movenient. The valve is at this time held in its lower or foremost position by the pressure of the air against the upper edge ot' the same and also against the upwardly facing shoulders and 39 thereot'. ll'hile the piston 'is thus being moved down 'ardly the spent or dead air in front or below the same is expelled and passes successively t'rom the lower end of the power cylinder through the passages 53 ot' the power cylinder, the passages 52 i'n the inner guide, the passages 5l, 50 in the 'alve box. thence through the alternating ports 43, transfer passage 37, annular pasf sage 5T and

longitudinal passages

57, 56, 5S, 55 5.9, to the atmosphere.

After the piston has completed about onehall of its downward or forward stroke, the rear end o1' the same uncovers the lower end let' the passages (il in the power cylinder permitting live or compressed air to pass upwardly through these passages aud thence through the passages G0 in the inn-er guide into the space below the lower end of the reversing valve, thereby causing the latter to tially raised, the lower portion thereof uncovers the retaining air port 40, thereby permitting additional live air to pass directly from the upper part of the valve box through the passage 54 into the space below the re versing air valvewhereby the upward movement of the same is assisted and effected more quickly than it the same were raised solely by the air supplied by the longitudinalV passages (il. The instant that the reversing valve has been thus raised into it-s uppermost position, as shown in Fig. 2, the live or compressed air is diverted and lcaused to pass successivelyl from the space 49 between the valve box and the upper part of the outer guide through the lower piston Shifting ports 45, annular transfer passage 37, alternatin through the passages'?, 56, 58 and 59 to the atmosphere. After the piston during its return or backward movement has passed the lower end of the air passages 6l, the space below the lower end ot the reversing valve is placed in connuunication with the' lower end of the power cylinder into which the live air is entering but this does not afi'ect the position of the reversing valve. During the last part of the upward or return stroke ot the piston the same covers the exhanst ports Q8 in the inner guide. After the piston reaches this uppermost position, the pressure ot' the air against the upwardly

faeing shoulders

38, 39 of t e reversing valve prepoiulerates over the pressure of the-air against the lower end ot' the reversing Valve, thereby causing the sameto be moved downwardly into its lowermost position, as shown in Fig. t, and causing the air connections to be again reversed for propelling thepiston with a 'forward stroke. During the upward movement ot the reversing valve the air confined between the upper shoulders 39, 417 0f the valve and outer guide is permitted to escape through the vent ports (53,- thereby pre vent uur the movement of the valve in this diret-,tion lrom being cushioned and permit-` ting the same to be shitted quickly in this direetitm. As the reversing valve is moved downwardly, the air below the same is permitted to pass vt'reelyI from the space below this valve through port and passage 4]., 55,

ies

in the lower part ot' the outer guide and the valve box to the :uljaecnt longitudinal passage 5() in the latter, thereby prevei'itmg the be raised. After this valve has been pardownward movement of the reversing valve quires a comparatively long stroke of thel pistou while the light work can be' accomthun obtaining eitheiga Shortl or a 'long niechanieni while the same is in operation u the following ineens are provided: (34 repl l l r reeents a reecrvoir for grease or oil formed l and by a cover this reeei in the upper part of the cap or plug; "2 having' its top normally cloned Centrally in the bottoni of voir'the same is provided with an outlet- -passage (i6 which connnunicaten 'with thc bore of. the reversing valve mechanism 'und the power cylinder and which is pivoted at its upper end to the valve seat 6T. (3S represents u lulqn'ieating; valve engaging with the eat (37 vand provided with a stein (Si) which projects downwardly through 'the passage 66 into the `pace 'in the reversing This valve is normally valve mechanism. or yieldingrly held in its closed position by me: ns, or" a apring TO which is preferably interposed betweenthe top o the valve and theundereide of the cover (33. 'During the last part of cach upward stroke oit the piston its upper'or 'rr-ar end engagee with the et'eni et the lul'iricat-ing valve and' litte the latter from ite neat, thereby opcning'the passage (3G and permitting a Small quantity ot' the oil in the reservoir, or the. grease therein which has been melted by the. heating of the hanuner, to escape therefrom into' the reversing'valve mechanism and power cylinder for lubricating these parte.

For the purpose of enabling the coinpreeeed air upon entering the upper end. of th".- space within the reversing valve 1nechanisi'n to'obiain a prompt holdl upon this end of the piston and move the Same quickly downward, this end of the piston is beveled upwardly, as shown at 71 in Figa. l and ln order to avoid the necessity ot special Care on the part of the operator when introdueing the pieton into the power` cylinder, both ends of the piston are thus beveledyas leliown in the drawings, so that it is uninaterial which end is placed uppern'ioet into the power cylinder.

Heavy riveting or other heavy work relied hy a shorter stroke. To permit. o

Stroke in this 4pneumatic hammer, a stop device ie provided which ie, adapted to projecty into the path of the pieton and limit its return or backward movement Shorty of the full stroke lout which when removed from' the hammer permits the pieton to again return or move baclrwardly its -full stroke when a heavy blow is required. This stop device preferal'ily conSiet-s of a ring 72 which adapted .to be clamped' between the underside of .the inner guide and the Ashoulder of the power' cylinder and which projects into l l l l l li l 4l l l i l l l i the path of the piston and is provided with openings 7?, 'which connect the adjacent passages in the power :ylinder and the inner guide. When this, ring' is in piace it forme u stop "which is engaged by the upper end ot' he pieton and preventl the latter from entering the revci'eing valve incchanifin, thereby :diorlouin;l the stroke oi" the same accordingly. "When a louby stroke of the piston iu required. this- .e'top plate or ring' can be easily removed by unscrmvinii` thc handle 'from thc vc che and taking' thc valve mechanism out oi the chcet. thereby peruniting` the pi tou to again enter the valve nicchanien'i und work with n long mrolvze.A ly, thisy means the uve o'l'V air may lic economiZed and the operator relieved 'from unnecessary vibration when doing light work.

l claim as my invention:

l. ji. pneumatic hannncr comprising` a power cylinder` a power .piston arranged in said cylinder, a lulnicatii'ig chamber arranged at thc iront end oi' the cylinder und having' an outlet in its bottoni, a valve for closing' the outlet having a sioni projecting Vlorwardly into the cylinder in position to he engaged by the rear cud o'l' the piston for opening; the valve, and a spring 'for closing said valve.

rl. pneumatic hammer comprisingr a power cylinder, a piston rcciprocatingjr in Said cylinder, and a reinovz ble stop adapted to be arranged in the'. path oiE said piston for producing a Short Stroke oi the same and to be removed from the 'path of :aid pieton to permit the latter to take a long al1-olie.

il. Ai pneumatic. hammer .comprising a power cylinder; a tubular guide arranged al. the rear cud of 'the cylinder? a piston adapjr ed toreciprocate lengthwise in the cylinder and guide Jfor producing :1 long stroke oi' the same, a stop ring adapted to be placed between Said cylinder and guide and adapted to arrest the pieton 'for producing a short Stroke ot the saine. v

el. fr pneun'iatic hammer comprising a power cylinder. a piston reciprocating; in the cylinder. and a valve rnechaniein for al* ternatcly :uhnitting` air into and permitting the same, lo oxhauet 'troni opposite ends or the cylinder comprising an inner tubular guide arranged at the rear end oi the cylinder and having a bore of the eamo diameter as the cylinder and having an exhaust port extending -from its bore lo its periphery, an outer tubular guide having' an upper piston shitting rlr pori adapted to lead to the upper end of Ithe cylinder, an upper valve shifting' air 'port'. a lower pieton Shifting air port adapted io lead lo the lower end ot' the cylinder, an alternating air supply and exhaust port. an, exhaust port. communicating 4with the atmoephere, and a lower valve shitting; air port, and a tubular reversing valve movable lengthwise betweensaid inl ner and outer valve 0r upper end adapted to cover and uncover the upper piston shifting ports. and having a passage adapted to connect said alternating port of the outer guide with said lower piston shifting port or said exhaust port of the outer guide, and an exhaust ed to connect and disconnect the exhaust ports of the inner and outer guides.

5. A. pneumatic hammer comprising a power cylinder, a piston reciprocating in said cylinder, and a valve mechanism for alternately admitting air to and exhausting the saine froml opposite ends of the cylinder comprising an inner tubular guide having a bore of the saine diameter as the cylinder and having exhaust ports for the upper end of the cylinder, an outer tubular guide having upper piston shifting air supply ports, upper valve shifting air piston shifting ai'r ports7 alternating air supply and exhaust ports, main exhaust ports and lower valve shifting air ports and provided in its bore Opposite said upper valve shifting ports with a downwardlyfacing upper shoulder and provided opposite said alternating ports with a lower downwardly-facing shoulder, anda tubular guides and having its I reversing l i l supply ports, lower valve adapted to reciprocate lengthwise between said inner and outerguide and having an upper end of the same bore as the cylinder and inner guide and adapted to cover and uncover the upper piston shifting air ports and provided in its passage adaptperiphery with a passage adapted to connect said alternatlng ports either with said lower piston shifting port or said main exhaust port, an exhaust passage adapted to connect and disconnect said main exhaust ports and said upper cylinder exhaust ports, said valve being also provided on the up er part of its periphery with an upwardly flacing shoulder which vis arranged opposite the upper shoulder of the outer guide', and a downwardly facing shoulder in its bore opposite the upper end of' the inner guide and having vent ports in line shoulder, the lower end of said valve being adapted to cover and uncover said lower valve shifting ports.

W'itness my hand this 6th day of July,

M AX MAXIMILIAN. Witnesses THEO. LT POP?, ANNA I-IElGIs.

with Vits upperVv d