US950779A - Apparatus for manufacturing gas. - Google Patents

Apparatus for manufacturing gas. Download PDF

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Publication number
US950779A
US950779A US34496306A US1906344963A US950779A US 950779 A US950779 A US 950779A US 34496306 A US34496306 A US 34496306A US 1906344963 A US1906344963 A US 1906344963A US 950779 A US950779 A US 950779A
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Prior art keywords
retorts
gas
steam
chamber
coal
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US34496306A
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Henry W Benner
August G Kelterborn
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INTERNATIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT Co
INTERNAT GAS DEV Co
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INTERNAT GAS DEV Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J1/00—Production of fuel gases by carburetting air or other gases without pyrolysis
    • C10J1/207—Carburetting by pyrolysis of solid carbonaceous material in a fuel bed

Definitions

  • Our invention relates to apparatus for manufacturing illuminating gas and more especially such a gas composed of a mixture of coal and water gas with oil enriched water gas, the latter being added to raise the candle power of the former.
  • Our apparatus is designed to manufacture these gases separately and combine them in one and the same continuous operation without the use of a superheater. Preferably this is accomplished by heating all of the retorts over one furnace, but this is not absolutely required, the essential point being that the different gases shall meet and mix while at the same temperature so as to form a fixed and permanent gas.
  • Figure 1 is plan view of a plant embodying our invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a vertical section on line 22 of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a vertical section on line 33 of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a vertical section on line a e of Fig. 1.
  • A. is a furnace common to and heating all of the retorts. Any style of furnace may be used and any kind of fuel burned therein. Above this furnace is shown a double battery of three retorts B, B and C, the B retorts being for coal and water gas and the C retort for oil enriched water gas. Any number of retorts may be heated over one furnace, and the ratio of coal and water gas retorts to oil enriched water gas retorts will vary according to conditions such as quality of coal, candle power desire etc.
  • B is a chamber or retort, shown as vertical so that gravity may serve to pass finely divided coal through it, but it may be inclined or horizontal and the coal blown through.
  • Steam, preferably superheated, is admitted through either of the pipes Z) or b.
  • Patented llllar. i T9110. Serial No. 344,963.
  • a compound coal chute composed of upper hopper D and lower hopper D, separated by the damper (Z.
  • the upper hopper is smaller than the lower hopper so that, from time to time as required, it may be emptied into the lower hopper by opening the damper cl.
  • the flow of coal from the lower hopper into the chamher or retort is controlled by an adjustable gate E pivoted at e and movable about its pivot to uncover the opening into the retort, by means of the rod 6 passing through the side of the hopper.
  • the retort communicates with a. horizontal chamber F which is common to that entire row of retorts in the bat-- tery (there being three rows of retorts shown in the drawings). Access. may be had to the interior of this chamber through the manhole 7".
  • the retorts in each row are also connected together at the top by pipe F, the pipe G from the last retort in the row connecting with the pipe G from the chamber F.
  • Pipes G and G are provided with valves 9 and g so that either may be used.
  • the pipes G and G from their meeting point communicate directly with the hydraulic main H, which is common to all the re torts in the battery.
  • O is a chamber or retort preferably provided with an iron lining. It is shown as vertical merely for convenience in building the battery, as it may be horizontal or incllned. lit is partially filled with pieces of iron 0 held up by a perforated plate 0. The vertical chamber at its bottom opens into a horizontal chamber C over the furnace, and leading into this chamber are the steam and oil inlets I and J re spectively. Similar steam and oil inlets I and J are provided at the top of the chamher, and either set may be used. The steam may be drawn from the common source through the drums a and be thus preheated.
  • the oil inlet passes into the horizontal chamber and is provided with nozzles j, j, from which the oil issues as a vapor.
  • the retorts in each row are also connected together at the top by pipe C, the pipe K from the last retort in the row connecting with the pipe K from the chamber C.
  • the pipes K and K are provided with valves and 76 so. that either may be used.
  • the pipes K and K from their meeting point communicate directly with the hydraulic main H, which is common to all of the retorts in the battery.
  • the operation of this apparatus may be as follows.
  • the furnace A is heating the entire plant.
  • the hoppers D on the B rctorts are filled and finely divided coal is 1 falling through the retorts.
  • superheated steam is being supplied to the B retorts through the steam inlets Z2, and with valve g closed and valve 9 open, the products are passing into the hydraulic main through pipes G.
  • the coal falling through the retorts is quickly heated and distilled, while at the same time the steam is disintegrated, the result being the formation of mixed coal and water gas, which passes out through pipes G to the hydraulic main.
  • Vv e have therefore in the plant shown in the drawings six retorts making water gas, four retorts making coal gas and two retorts making oil gas, all of these gases meeting while at substantially the same temperature and mixing as a fixed and permanent gas of high candle power, without the use of a superheater.
  • the coal falling through the retorts is distilled and becomes coke, which may be withdrawn from the bottom through the manhole at the ends of the horizontal chambers 7".
  • the other by-products may be collected in the usual manner.
  • a retort adapted for the manufacture of mixed coal and water gas, comprising a distilling chamber, means for passing coal through said chamber, and l steam inlets thereto, in combination with a retort adapted for the manufacture of oil enriched water gas, ant gas outlets from each of said retorts.
  • a retort adapted for the manufacture of mixed coal and water gas, comprising a heated chamber, means for passing coal through said heated chamber, and steam inlets thereto, in combination with a retort adapted for themanufacture of oil enriched water gas, and gas outlets from each of said retorts.
  • a retort adapted for the manufacture of mixed coal and water gas comprising a heated chamber, means for passing coal through said heated chamber, and steam inlets thereto, in combination with a retortadapted for the manufacture of oil enriched water gas, comprising a heated chamber, a bed of material therein capable of acting as a carrying agent in combining the oxygen of steam with the carbon of oil, steam and oil inlets to said chamber, and gas outlets from each of said retorts.
  • a retort adapted for the i manufacture of mixed coal and water gas comprising a distilling chamber, means for ipasslng coal through said chamber, and l l l l l l steam inlets thereto, in combination with a retort adapted for the manufacture of oil enriched water gas, comprising a heated chamber, a bed of iron therein, steam and oil inlets to said chamber, and gas outlets from each of said retorts.
  • a retort adapted for the manufacture of mixed coal and water gas comprising a heated chamber, means for passing coal through said heated chamber, and steam inlets thereto, in combination with a retort adapted for the manufacture of oil enriched water gas, comprising a heated chamber, a bed of iron therein, steam and oil inlets to said chamber, and gas outlets from each of said retorts.
  • a retort adapted for the manufacture of mixed coal and water gas comprising a distilling chamber, means for passing coal through said chamber, and steam inlets thereto, in combination with a retort adapted for the manufacture of oil enriched water gas, comprising a heated chamber, a bed of material therein capable of acting as a carrying agent in combining the oxygen of steam with the carbon of oil,

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Description

H. W. BENNER & A. G. KELTERBORN.
APPARATUS FOR. MANUFACTURING (ms.
APPLICATION FILED NOV. 24, 1906.
Patented Mar. 1,1910.
4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.
mcREW B. GRAHAM 06. PHOTD-LITHQGRAPHERS. WASHINGTON. a. c
H. W. BENNER & A. G. KELTERBORN. APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING GAS.
APPLICATION FILED NOV. 24. 1906. 9,77. Patented Mal. 1,1910.
4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.-
' ALDREW B. GRAHAM c0. FNOTO-U'IHOGRAPNERS. WASHINGTON. 0. a
H. W. BENNER & A. G. KELTERBORN.
APPARATUS FOR. MANUFACTURING GAS.
APPLICATION FILED NOV. 24, 1906.
, 50,779.. Patented Mar.1,1910.
4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.
H. W. BENNBR & A. G. KELTBRBORN.
APPARATUS-FOE MANUFACTURING GAS.
APPLIOA'I'IUII FILED HOV. 24, 1906.-
Patented Mar. 1,1910.
4 SHEETS-$333! 4.
B M W F B AV W ANDREW n. (in/MAM cu. rummumocmmms, wnsnmmum p. c
sitar -11. iernur omuia HENRY W. BENNEE, OF CHAMBERSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, AND AUGUST G. KELTER- BORN, OF NEW YORK, N. 52"., ASSIGNORS TO INTERNATIONAL GAS DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NET/V APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING G-AS.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that we, HENRY W. BENNER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chambersburg, county of Franklin, and State of Pennsylvania, and AUGUST G. KEL- TERBORN, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York city, in the county and State of New York, have jointly invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Manufacturing Gas, of which the following is a specification.
Our invention relates to apparatus for manufacturing illuminating gas and more especially such a gas composed of a mixture of coal and water gas with oil enriched water gas, the latter being added to raise the candle power of the former. Our apparatus is designed to manufacture these gases separately and combine them in one and the same continuous operation without the use of a superheater. Preferably this is accomplished by heating all of the retorts over one furnace, but this is not absolutely required, the essential point being that the different gases shall meet and mix while at the same temperature so as to form a fixed and permanent gas.
Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is plan view of a plant embodying our invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical section on line 22 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical section on line 33 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a vertical section on line a e of Fig. 1.
A. is a furnace common to and heating all of the retorts. Any style of furnace may be used and any kind of fuel burned therein. Above this furnace is shown a double battery of three retorts B, B and C, the B retorts being for coal and water gas and the C retort for oil enriched water gas. Any number of retorts may be heated over one furnace, and the ratio of coal and water gas retorts to oil enriched water gas retorts will vary according to conditions such as quality of coal, candle power desire etc.
Referring first to the coal and water gas retorts, as shown more particularly in Figs. 2 and 4-, B is a chamber or retort, shown as vertical so that gravity may serve to pass finely divided coal through it, but it may be inclined or horizontal and the coal blown through. Steam, preferably superheated, is admitted through either of the pipes Z) or b. As a convenient means of superheating the Specification of Letters Patent.
Application filed. November 24, 1906.
Patented llllar. i, T9110. Serial No. 344,963.
steam, it is passed through drums at, which run through the furnace and receive the heat therefrom. With this arrangement the steam used in the different retorts will enter at substantially the same temperature as that of the retort.
At the top of the retort is a compound coal chute composed of upper hopper D and lower hopper D, separated by the damper (Z. The upper hopper is smaller than the lower hopper so that, from time to time as required, it may be emptied into the lower hopper by opening the damper cl. The flow of coal from the lower hopper into the chamher or retort is controlled by an adjustable gate E pivoted at e and movable about its pivot to uncover the opening into the retort, by means of the rod 6 passing through the side of the hopper.
At the bottom the retort communicates with a. horizontal chamber F which is common to that entire row of retorts in the bat-- tery (there being three rows of retorts shown in the drawings). Access. may be had to the interior of this chamber through the manhole 7". The retorts in each row are also connected together at the top by pipe F, the pipe G from the last retort in the row connecting with the pipe G from the chamber F. Pipes G and G are provided with valves 9 and g so that either may be used. The pipes G and G from their meeting point communicate directly with the hydraulic main H, which is common to all the re torts in the battery.
Referring now to the oil enriched water gas retorts, as shown more particularly in Figs. 2 and 3, O is a chamber or retort preferably provided with an iron lining. It is shown as vertical merely for convenience in building the battery, as it may be horizontal or incllned. lit is partially filled with pieces of iron 0 held up by a perforated plate 0. The vertical chamber at its bottom opens into a horizontal chamber C over the furnace, and leading into this chamber are the steam and oil inlets I and J re spectively. Similar steam and oil inlets I and J are provided at the top of the chamher, and either set may be used. The steam may be drawn from the common source through the drums a and be thus preheated. The oil inlet passes into the horizontal chamber and is provided with nozzles j, j, from which the oil issues as a vapor. The retorts in each row are also connected together at the top by pipe C, the pipe K from the last retort in the row connecting with the pipe K from the chamber C. The pipes K and K are provided with valves and 76 so. that either may be used. The pipes K and K from their meeting point communicate directly with the hydraulic main H, which is common to all of the retorts in the battery.
The operation of this apparatus may be as follows. The furnace A is heating the entire plant. The hoppers D on the B rctorts are filled and finely divided coal is 1 falling through the retorts. superheated steam is being supplied to the B retorts through the steam inlets Z2, and with valve g closed and valve 9 open, the products are passing into the hydraulic main through pipes G. The coal falling through the retorts is quickly heated and distilled, while at the same time the steam is disintegrated, the result being the formation of mixed coal and water gas, which passes out through pipes G to the hydraulic main. At the same time that this is going on in the B retorts, superheated steam is entering the chamber below the C retorts through the steam inlets I, where it meets and mingles with theoil vapor issuing from the nozzles j, j. The mixed steam and oil vapor then passes up through the bed of hot iron which serves as a carrying agent to combine the oxygen of the steam with the carbon of the oil, whereby oil enriched water gas is formed without destroying the iron bed. The oil enriched water gas passes out through pipe K to the hydraulic main. Vv e have therefore in the plant shown in the drawings six retorts making water gas, four retorts making coal gas and two retorts making oil gas, all of these gases meeting while at substantially the same temperature and mixing as a fixed and permanent gas of high candle power, without the use of a superheater.
1 have shown means for reversing the direction of flow ofthe steam in the B retorts and that of the steam and oil vapor in the C retorts, which can be used if one end of the retort becomes cooled, but in ordinary practice this reversal will not be required except occasionally.
The coal falling through the retorts is distilled and becomes coke, which may be withdrawn from the bottom through the manhole at the ends of the horizontal chambers 7". The other by-products may be collected in the usual manner.
Other substances than iron may be used, provided they have the characteristic of readily combining with oxygen or carbon and as readily giving up either of these elements to the other, so that the substance itself 1 serves as a mere carrying agent to combine these two elements without being itself peri manently disintegrated.
After the gas reaches the hydraulic main it is subjected to the usual processes for cleansing and extracting the lay-products.
Having described our invention, what we claim is:
1. In an apparatus for manufacturing illuminating gas, a retort adapted for the manufacture of mixed coal and water gas, comprising a distilling chamber, means for passing coal through said chamber, and l steam inlets thereto, in combination with a retort adapted for the manufacture of oil enriched water gas, ant gas outlets from each of said retorts.
illuminating gas, a retort adapted for the manufacture of mixed coal and water gas, comprising a heated chamber, means for passing coal through said heated chamber, and steam inlets thereto, in combination with a retort adapted for themanufacture of oil enriched water gas, and gas outlets from each of said retorts.
3.111 an apparatus for manufacturing illuminating gas, a retort adapted for the manufacture of mixed coal and water gas, comprising a distilling chamber, means for passing coal through said chamber, and steam inlets thereto, in combination with a retort adapted for the manufacture of oil enriched water gas, comprising a heated. chamber, a bed of material therein capable of acting as a carrying agent in combining the oxygen of steam with the carbon of oil, steam and oil inlets to said chamber, and gas outlets from each of said retorts.
at. In an apparatus for manufacturing illuminating gas, a retort adapted for the manufacture of mixed coal and water gas, comprising a heated chamber, means for passing coal through said heated chamber, and steam inlets thereto, in combination with a retortadapted for the manufacture of oil enriched water gas, comprising a heated chamber, a bed of material therein capable of acting as a carrying agent in combining the oxygen of steam with the carbon of oil, steam and oil inlets to said chamber, and gas outlets from each of said retorts.
, 5. In an apparatus for manufacturing 1 lllummatmg gas, a retort adapted for the i manufacture of mixed coal and water gas, comprising a distilling chamber, means for ipasslng coal through said chamber, and l l l l l l steam inlets thereto, in combination with a retort adapted for the manufacture of oil enriched water gas, comprising a heated chamber, a bed of iron therein, steam and oil inlets to said chamber, and gas outlets from each of said retorts.
i 6. In an apparatus for manufacturing is 2. In an apparatus for manufacturingnear/"re illuminating gas, a retort adapted for the manufacture of mixed coal and water gas, comprising a heated chamber, means for passing coal through said heated chamber, and steam inlets thereto, in combination with a retort adapted for the manufacture of oil enriched water gas, comprising a heated chamber, a bed of iron therein, steam and oil inlets to said chamber, and gas outlets from each of said retorts.
7. In an apparatus for manufacturing illuminating gas, a retort adapted for the manufacture of mixed coal and water gas, comprising a distilling chamber, means for passing coal through said chamber, and steam inlets thereto, in combination with a retort adapted for the manufacture of oil enriched water gas, comprising a heated chamber, a bed of material therein capable of acting as a carrying agent in combining the oxygen of steam with the carbon of oil,
steam and oil inlets to said chamber, gas outlets from each of said retorts, steam drums to superheat the steam used in said retorts, and a furnace to heat said retorts and said steam drums.
In witness whereof I, said HENRY W. BENNER, have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two Witnesses, at Chambersburg, Pa., on the 19 day of September, 1906, and I, said AUGUST G. KELTERBORN, have here unto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses, at New York, N. Y., on the ZAEth day of September, 1906.
HENRY W. BENNER. AUGUST G. KELTERBORN. Witnesses to the signature of Benner:
J. F. VVINGERT, JOHN L. Erormnncnn. Witnesses to the signature of Kelterborn:
W. F. CLOWES, Gno. L. VVHEELooK.
US34496306A 1906-11-24 1906-11-24 Apparatus for manufacturing gas. Expired - Lifetime US950779A (en)

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