US948020A - Exhaust-pipe. - Google Patents

Description

J. PLAYER. v EXHAUST PIPE. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 9, 1909,

Patehted Feb. 1, 1910.

s sums-sum 1.

AMIBM 'J. PLAYER.

EXHAUST PIPE. I APPLICATION FILED P33. 9, 1909.

Patented Feb.- 1, 1910.

s sinus- 3mm 2.

WITH:

J. PLAYER.

EXHAUST PIPE. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 9, 1909.

Patented'Feb. 1', 1910..

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FIG. :4;

Toall ithing concern:

- Be it known that I, .Jorrx .PLAYER, of :Schenectady, in the county of Schenectady and State of New York, have'invented a certain new anduseful Improvement in Exhaust-Pipes, of which improvement the following is a specification. f My present inventionis more particularly A designed for application in connection with 10- =gines," of the type set forth in Letters Patannular exhaust nozzles for locomotive en- -ent of the United States No. 673,726, grant- .ed and issued to the Brooks Locomotive yWorks, as my assignee, under date of May 7, 1901, and in a pending application for -Letters Patent filed by me June 17, 1908,

'- Ser. No..438,912.

The object of -an exhaust Iii 20.

my invention is to provide ipe for locomotive engines, which shall e of simple and inexpensive construction and ready adaptability 1n, and yin connection with, smokeboxes and spark r arresting appliances of the constructions known and approved in present practice,

and in' the operation of which there will be '-'attained 'the advantages of freer steaming of locomotives, greater efficiency and econ-' omy in their performance by reason of reduction of back pressure on their pistons,

and prevention of fire damages by the practical elimination ofthe ejection of sparks "from the smoke stack, particularl when burning low grade fuel and lignite uel.

The im rovcment claimed is hereinafter fully set orth.

' In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a vertical transverse section, in the central "plane of the stack and exhaustpipe, throu h the smoke box, exhaust pipe, and stack 0 a locomotive boiler, illustrating an application of my invention; Fig. 2, a vertical longitudinal central section through the same 'and through the forward portion of the waist of the boiler; Fig. 3, a vertical central L '45 plane of Fig. 2, through the exhaust pipe 'sectiomon an enlarged scale, taken in the "and-exhaust nozzle shown in Fi s. 1-and72';

Fig. 4, a similar section througi the, same, taken in the plane of Figfil; Fig. 5, a plan or top view of the same; igs. 6, 7, 8, and 9,

horizontal sections, on the lines a a, b b, c c, p and d d, respectively, through the same; Fig;

I 10, a bottom view of the same; Fig. 11, a"

vertical central section through the exhaust nozzle and the upper portion of the exhaust pipe, showing the application of a. spreader V r Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed. February 9, 1909. Serial No. 476,922.

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Patented Fe ..1, 19 1o.

and blower nozzle; Fig. 12, a similar'section, showing a modification of the structural detail of. the exhaust nozzle; Fig. 13, a plan or top view of the construction of Fig. 11; Fig. 14, a similar view of the construction of Fig. 12; Fig. 15, aside view ofa grinding blockfor' making a steam ti ht shell or waist, 1-,vof the'boiler; is provided" with a plurality of fire tubes, 2, extending front tube sheet, 3, through which-tubes, the products of combustion pass from the firebox'to the smoke box, 4, which is secured, at

its rear. end, to the front ring of the shell, 1,

and, at its bottom, to thecylinder saddles, 5. The forward endof the smoke box is closed by a metal front, 6, having a central door, 7, and it. is provided at its top, with a stack,e8,-' having a downward extension, 9, with a flaring or conicallower end, 10,. within, the

smoke box.

In the practice of myinvention, I rovide an exhaust pipe, 12, having "an annu ar dis charge cap, tip, or'nozzle, 17, secured 'detachably to its to and constituting its exit section. The spar arresting a-p liance illustrated, which is one of sun ry suitably adaptable designs, and which, 'in and of itself, is not-an essential of my; invention comprises inclined front. and side'sheetso wire netting or perforated plates, 25 and 27,

extending from an inclined transverse defrom the firebox,-which-is not shown,-to the fleeting plate or diaphragm, 23,1-1 p ,7

front of the tube sheet, 3, to theffront and sides of the smoke box, below inlet ,or. en-

trainment; assa ,116, hereinafter de scribed, 1n ,t ie e aust pipe,-through which passages the gases of combustion are entrained in their traverse tot-he central discharge passage, 15, of theexhaust nozzle, 17.

In order to insure atightjoint between the exhaust nozzle and the exhaust pipe, the

nozzle may have circular grooves-or- :fomned, its bottom, to reoeive'pa'cking' the grooveandare'c am d'an'd held tightly eral lugs thereog at its lower en to the cylin er sa dles, 5,

. central bridge, 14, extending upwar' l nozzle, into which it is discharged throughanjannular exhaust steam discharge passage,

The uniformity of area ofthe avenue of discharge of exhaust steam maybe attained 72- either b making the exterior of the exhaust pipe 0 such dimensions vas-to orming verticalpartiti'ons 12 ,';%in the ex- =haust'p1pe, saidipart'itioiis in'g; cored out, as showii in Figs'. 3, 7, and 8,.- to-prevent sage bein haust nozzle, are preferably inclined toward- ,gus' disc argepassa e or space, 12, in the exhaust pipe, aroun JVhlCh passage they are,

' transverse area .-that -wou-ld be afforded. if the steam passages,"12,qwere vertical, and also 1.; -to'-give to the exhaust {steam a rotative nioaltiofibefor'e entering'l'fthe'exhaust'nozzle, and

to insure a more 'unifor'm distribution and rings or gaskets, 17", of flexible metal or composition, which reject outwardly below between the nozzle an 4 pi e by suitable a g as lts passing t rough} periph- The exhaust ipe, 12-, .whi ch i passages thereof, has a vertical lon i from. its base, for a dlStMIOB PIOPBI; to -separate the currents of .-stam discharged from the [cylinder exhaust passages, as ins-"ordinary practice. The transverse area for the'pas sage of exhaust steam through i the exhaustpipe is preferably madeuniform ithrougln out sa'id'pipe, in order to maintain uniform velocity and volume in the column'of exhaust steam before entering the .exhaust 20, at the to of the exhaust 'i'pe, said asormed between t e. outer s ell of the ex aust ipe, and an inner shell or wall, 12, exten ing downwardly and tapering inwardly to a plane below a plurality of in ct or entrainmentpa'ssages, 16, four being shown in this instance, which extendthrpu h the space between the inner and outer shel s.-

produce a ractically uniform interior sect on, "or by undue thickness of metal and reduce weight. This latter construction I deem the more desirable one, as thereby smoother and more uniform passages for theexha'ust steam are provided, and all obstructions to its flow which would be caused by irre' lar shape are'avoided. Thenumbep-of exfiiiust steam passages corresponds with the number of entrainment; passages, 16', (in this casefour) but may be made greater or'less accordance with structural conditions and the requirements of service. g i l The several exhaust steam passa 'es,12, le'adin into the passage, 20, throughwhich the ex iaust steam is discharged into the ex- .thcirup er ends, in order to enable a central *loc'ated,-to *be materially enlarged above the pre sure of steam -as rit 'enters the exhaust ,nozzle,:especially.at the points located -above rally in relation thereto, as'shown in Fig. 6,

and in Figs. 3, 4, l1, and 12.

The blower pipe, 21-, which leads from the steam s ace of the boiler and is controlled a va ve iii the usual manner, is referably tapped into one of two threade openin s in the shell. of the exhaust .pipe, the ot ier openin being closed by a suitable plug. The b ower pipe delivers steam into a chamber or space, 21, cored in the exhaust pipe, from which a vertical. dischi'irge sec- 't-ion, 22, of the blower pipe, leads centrally to'or near the top of theexhaust nozzle, so

augmentation of' draft may'be effected when .team is discharged throughtheiblower ipe. aid pipe may, of course, if'preferret, be u connected with the exhaustpipe and be apfilied externally thereto, in any suitable mariner. As shown inFig. 11, the-top of the dzscliarge section, 22, may be covered by a per orated cap, 22, so as to divide the of discharged steam intoa plurality of jets.

' The gases of combustion which are drawn, by the exhaustblast, throughthe entrainment passages, 16, are discharged through the'central passage or space, ].2,- in the exhaust pipe 'iwhich is surrounded by the exhaust steam passages 12, and through a central gas discharge passage, 1.5, in the annular-exhaust nozzle,,;17, which registers with the passage, 12 In' the preferred form shown in F igs. I'to 11 inclusive and Fig. 13,.the exhaust nozzle is provided with a: plurality of exhaust steam discharge passages, 11, which are disposed, in -cii'cular lan, around. the as'dischar e- )11 same. 15. I" b I and are preferably drilled-iijthc exhaust nozzle ataiigles to the .axis"thcrcof. In order to facilitate the drilling of the passa-gesor ,holes, ll, -a coi'i'espoiu ing number of hemispherical recesses, 11",;11121) he cored on the under side of the exhaustnozzle, it

being a well kno'wnfact that, no; matfer atwhat angle theholesmay he driller, the center of the drill,'wlien central. with the base of the hemisphere, will, at all times, be at right angles to' a plane which is. tangential to the lien'iisphere, and will .therefore start the hole in its correct position without slipping out of place.

. The'dischargc passagcs,'1l, may be drilled angle of impingement for each'individual jet of steam, the jets, when comlnned,foriniug a spirally rotating annular column.

that entrainment of gases and'consequent I at any'anglc desired to produce the proper I assist pdsg ags jneshmtn as drilled --'angularly in ,two directions relatively to the asntril ga d c p s ge, e, a a n;v gentia-lan'gle thereto, thereb defiecting. the

columnfoujtwa-rdand'at a la ial angle which contracts the ultimate diameter. The conibination of these' two angles, in any desired ratio, ,p r'oduces s n-intermediate angle which can thu s be determinedto'give any'vertical orcircumferential angle of impingement in I, escr bed,.they,may be cored therein, or, ai's -ls h own nE gs. 12 and 14, thefy may be t hegzspace's,between a plurality-v o ribs or guid e vanes, 11 disposed spirally between theannepand outer shells ,orwalls of the noz zl e, substantially as set ,forth in my perzidln-g application Ser.. No. 438,912 aforesai' '" '3 The of the tangential disposition of thedatieral entrainment passages, 16, rela- "to the'central or vertical gas discharge tivel pa s g'gw and 15, is to cause the products of combustion, drawn fromthe smoke box,

tofrotate'as they ,enter said passages, and to still further rotate as they ascend through the centeryofthe annular column of exhaust .steam dis charged from the exhaust nozzle.

, rotativeaction is still further increased 40 ,bytheconoidal or spiral direction of the entraininent passages. v a

The inclmed exhaust steam'passages, 12, at the upper end of the exhaust pipe, cause the columns of exhaust steam that have been ts sefparated by their trayerse around the walls ,the entrainrnent passages, 16, to commence to 1;otate and toreunite before entering the;

discharge fpassa'ges, 1 1, in the exhaust noz-.

ale,therebylproducinga more uniform pres Y eumand ume ofsteam prior to its entry 'intoth exhaust nozzle.

iThegfunction of the plurality of inclined" L'exh'aust steam discharge passages, -11, ofvthe no zle, is to impart a rotative effect to the ;annu l ar; column, of exhaust steam issuing therefroingand thesubdivison of this annu- .l'ar its diischarge through a plural-I I ity. ofseparated openings, increases its diam- {eter and volume and materially reduces its fective'admixture with, and entrainment of, the and solid'products of combustion passmgoutside of this column, while the 'r'otative movement of the products of coms bastion passing" through the entrainment sages -l 1, .in the nozzle, 17, as

op nings' hem to more thoroughly mingle with the annularcolumn of exhaust steaml; In burnin' lignite fi1els,'the fine sparks which are given off during combusv tion, which it has heretofore been almost impossible to control and prevent from be-. ing thrown out of the stack in showers like the tail of a rocket, are thoroughly mingled with the exhaust" steam, and ground out 13, be fitted with. a suitable spreader or deflector, 17, which may be varied in form to suit different conditions, and which, however, isnot essential to the successful operation of my improvement as hereinbefore described. In the instanoehere n exemplr fied, the spreaderor deflector' consists oi a plurality, of radial helicallvdispo'sed blades,

extendin' from'a circuniferentialfriii' ,=fit'- V tingagamst the i mer/ wail of the ex aust nozzle', to a oantral-li' ,-"W.' zfit'sa'round the discharge sectio 2 when the latter is'faig ieiifa eenn caon wlth the exh'austpipea ome; 1;, To facilitate Tthegrind-ingg of the joint between the/base, ffiheexhausfi-pipe land the cylinder-saddles, a metallic jomt'rin'g, 28, preferably of-cast i'ron, may be used. As shown in Figs. 15 and. .16, said 'joint ring consistsgofa late havin an. opening corresponding wit that of to base of the exhaust p1p'e, 12, {and similarly divided b a longitudinal central partition. The p ate may be eitherprovided with flanges of less thickness than its body and having holes for the passage of belts, or may be of the-same contour as the grinding surfaceand without flanges. The joint ring can he "alternately and inde ndently ground to the surfaces ofthe ex aust-pipe and the cylinder saddles, respectively, and will enable 'much time and labor to be savedin handlin a heavy 'exhaust pipe, as well as insure a'bet- 'te'r joint.

The; joint. ring above described is not claimed asa part of 'my present invention,

and constitutes the subject 'matter'of'adivi- 'sional application filedby me SeptemberIO,

1909, ser." 1165517978.

f The increased efiiciency of the improved exhaust pipe 'aIIdnOZZle hereinbefore described, 1n producing a higher and more perfect Vacuum in thesmoke box and conse,

, u uent greater and more uniform draft upon 6 ,veloc1ty,:caus1ng a more complete and efe fire, together with the substantial increase in the areaof the stack permissible in the "use of the'improvement, materially reduces the consumption of fuel, and, by insuring better and-more uniform combustior'u;

"diminishes the'evolution of smoke from the outward against the inside of the stack, and

' face t ie'rcof, the are completely ground up sages and the discharge assages of the ex- "'"1'. A locomotivc'exhaust pi e lia'viii a n ,annular passagefor the disc iarge the 4o .7 lateral-"passages, for?t'lie 'eiiti'aii ii ei t of .ga'ses, lead n from its exterioraiito, and

disposed relatively to, saidcentraldischarge isage I j 2L' 'A lOCOlllOtlVQOXlizlllsi) p pe having an annular passage for the discharge oi the i of the blast jet,'-the wall or partition sep- 'arating said central gas" discharge passage jnular column of exhaust steam, effected by passages in the nozzle, together with the spitui'al details herein described and sh wn.

"of the entrained gases, and a plurality of lateral passages, for the entrainmentof- "disposed taugcntially--\vith relation to, said stacl. Further, ,by reason of the inliterial enlargement of the total area of exhaust discharge opening which is rendered'availablu, the back pressure in the cylinders of the en ine is minimized, thereby largely in'cra'sing its efiiciency. The disintegration of the jet, and the spiral action of.the enlarged anthe-plurality of spirally disposed discharge ral act-ion of the interior column oi:' gases fronithe central gas discharge passage, ef-

the gases andsolidroducts of combustion umnof exhaust steam, which will con causes the sparks and cinders to be thrown-- durin their spiral rotation against the sur-.

and ext-inguishe so that when ejected from the stack, the sparks are dead. v

v I Var ations in the-number, form, angle and positions of the lateral gasentrainmentpashaust nozzle,-may be ma e in the discretion of a constructor skilled in the art,'.without departure from the spirit and operative principle of myinveution, and I-do not, therefore, limit myself to the specifi struca I claim s y invention and desire to so Cllle Letters P t t; a I

-blast jet,jacentral passage for the discharge of the entrained gases, and-a plurality of passage, so as to induce, bylhe action. of the last Jet, rotation or gyration of the'eolumn of gases discharged from said centi'al pasblast jet, aceiitral passage for the discharge gases, leading from .its exterior into, and

central discharge passage. 7

3. A locomotive exhaust pipe having a central as discharge passage prov ded with the exterior-.oftlie exhaust pipe, and acontinuous ai'inularpassage for the discharge and annular steam discharge passage being v present the miiiiinum' obstruction to the exhaust steam entering 'said annular passage on the one side and provide exit for the rotatioir of the entrained gases on the other.

4. A locomotive exhaust pipe having a central gas discharge ass'age provided with .a. plurality of upwar ly and outwardly inclined lateral gas entrainment passages lead-' ing thereinto from the exterior of theexhaust pipe, said passages being inclined up wardly and outwardly relatively to its vertical axis, and a conti uous annular passage for the discharge oftlie blast jet. l The combinatiohjof a locomotive exhaust pipe having an annular passage for the exhaust steam, a central passage for the discharge of the entrained gases, a lurality of passages for the entrainment 0 gases, disposed relatively to. said central' passage so as to induce, by the action of the blast jet, rotation or gyration of the column of gases discharged from said central passage, and an annular nozzle having a plurality of passages for the discharge of the blast jet.

l G. The combination of a locomotive exhaustl pipe having an annular passage for the exhaust steam, a central passage for the discharge of the entrained gases, a plurality of lateral.passages for the entrainment of gases spirally disposed relatively to'th'e axis of. said central passage, and; an annular nozzle-havim a. plurality of s irall disposed passages For the discharge .0? the blast Jet.

7. A'locomotive exhaust pipe havingan annular passage for. the exhaust steam,acen- 10o ti-a]. passage for, the discharge of the en- ;trained. g ases, a plurality of lateral passages for the entrainment of gases, anda plurality of spirallyj disposed passages for the ex- -haus't' steain leading intosaid annular pas 8. A locomotive exhaust pipe having at its. top a central passage for the dischar e of an annular. passage :fpr Ithe-ex iaust steam, and a plurality of passages .for the exhaust steam leading into the annular pas-' sage and disposed relatively thereto so as to impart rotation or gyr'ation to the column of steam passing into said annulanpassage.

J. A locomotive exhaust pipe having at-its 5' ing an annular passage for the escape of the exhaust steam, surrounding a central gas assage having a pluralit of passages leadmg thereinto and so isposedrelatively upwardly and 'out'w'atirdly inclined, so as to thereto as to induce rotationorgyration of 30 easpao box, a smoke stack, an exhaust pipe having an annular passage for the exhaust steam, a central discharge passage having a plurality of entrainment passages communicating,

therewith and so disposed relatively thereto as to impart rotation or umn of gases discharge therethrough, by the action of the exhaust jet, and a detachable exhaust nozzle, of annular form, surrounding said central passage. v

12. In a locomotive or other engine using forced draft, the combination of a smoke box, a smoke stack, an exhaust pipe having an annular passage for the exhaust steam, a central discharge passage having a plurality of entrainment passages communicating therewith and so disposed relatively thereto as to impart rotation or gyration to the column of gases discharged therethrough by the action of the exhaust jet, and an annular exhaust nozzle having a plurality of discharge passages surrounding said central passage.

(gyration to the col-' 13. In a locomotive or other en ineusingforced draft, the combination or Efsm'oke box, a smoke stack, an exhaust pipe having an annular passage fonthe exhaust steam, a central gas passage having a plurality of entrainment passages communicating therewith'and so disposed relativelythereto as to induce rotation or gyration of the column of entrained gases discharged therefrom by the action of the exhaust jet, and an annular exhaust nozzle having a plurality of spirally disposed discharge passages, surrounding said ceutral passage.

l lfiillhe' combination of a locomotive exhaust pijnehavingan annular passage for the discharge of the blastjet surroundin a central gas discharge passage having a p u- I rality of lateral entrainment passages leading thereinto from the exterior of the exhaust pipe, and a spreader or deflector comprising a plurality of radially extending inclined blades or vanes, located within the discharge end of said central gas passage.

JOHN PLAYER. Witnesses:

E. E. LoNABAUoH, G. M. COOPER.

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