US947021A - Starting explosion-engines. - Google Patents

Description

J. E. .MLIVEM STAR'TING EXPLOSION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 6, 1909. l n

' Patented Jan-18,1910,

2 SHEETSSHEET 1.

Fig.- 7.

FJ' g 2 ,5D wm.k un. a 4 ,a D 5A ,NE .wa F

1A A N aE u .,D w J E W W l J. E. MALIVBRT.. STARTING EXPLOSION ENGINBS.-

APPLIGTION FILED MAR. 6, 1909.

UNITED srnrns PATENT orrion.

JULES EUGENE 'MALIvnnn or Panis.' FRANCE, fnss'renonor BOUSQUET, or rAnIs, FRANCE.

onsintr 'ro LoU'Is STARTING EXPLOSION-ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

ratenteuaan. 1s', 1 910.

, Application flea March e, iene. serial No. 481,510.

To'aZl @hm-ritt may concer/n.:l Be it known that I,JULns EUo-Nn MALI- VERT, ya citizen of the4 French Republic, re-

siding at`32 Rue Pergolse, Paris, France, have invented certain new and useful'Improvements in Starting vExplosion-Engines, of which the following is a full, clear, and

exact description.

This invention relates to amethod of automatically startingv mul'ticylinder explosion engines by means of compressed air. y This method which effects the starting of the engine by the admission to the cylinder of a charge of compressedair upon .the stroke in admitting compressed air from 'a receiver,

the operation of these diaphragm valves at' the correct moment for each cylinder being determined by a distributer in constant relation lwith the engine shaft, normally maintainingupon the ydiaphragme a pressure, 'ofcompressed air which balances the `dia phragm` and keeps the yvalve closed, and releasing this balance pressure when compressed airis to be admitted to the cylinder. v

The invention is hereafter described with reference to the anx'lex'ed 'drawings,.. in which .Figure l' represents in section A,the diaphragm valve provided for each cylinder,l which under the control of the distributer effects the admission of compressed air thereto at the correct moment. Fig.l 2 shows separately a metallic diaphragm. Figs. 3 and et represent in longitudinal and trans-i verse section the distributerwhich controls the operation of the diaphragm valves. Fig. 5 representsdiagrammatically the applica-v tion of the invention to a four cylinder en gine. Fig. 6 shows the non-return Valve inserted 1n' the a1r-passage from each dla'- phragni valve to the corresponding cylinder.

Figs. 7, 8 and 9 represent a valve' arrangement for starting by means of the initialad mission of compressed air to the starting devices; this valve is controlled from a dis- Y tance by means of compressed air by asmall device consisting of a miniature distributorv or controller. Fig. 10 represents another type of starting Valve with compressedy air control and screwcut out. Fig. -ll represents a modified arrangement of controller for the starting valve. represents l lanother 4form of double starting valve.

f The `diaphragm valve 'provided for each` cylinder I'and controlling the admission of; zompressed airythereto is represented.inf ug-1; t. isa metal bod 'having two aimons, one

al for -the entry o compressed 'air from4 a receiver, the other engine cylinder.

A valve b obstructing the passage'v between a and a islixed to ja flexible membran` jor diaphragm. B; of rubber, undulated sheet metal' (Fig. 2)' or other suitable material; This membrane is l'supported ,betweenfth'e body A and a 'cap a3 screwed thereon and a for its exit A towardthe.. i

carrying the union Aa2 4connected -to the dis# tributer which maintains or releases a. pressure of eomoressedairupon the face of the .membrane B on the side Vof the union chf A spring Z'"V pressesfuponthe membrane tov hold they valve uponits'seat. The working/ of this deyiceis,as". follows: lIt compressed air lis 'admitted atv a, iti tendst'o raise I the valveb,dlectingthemembrane B and the 'se'A l `weaker `slliring Z2', .and it escapes atg af. But if air at"'the` same pressurejs admitted t. through the .unionethe membrane Byis subjected on one side `to thefacti'ony of the' springt", and the compressedair entering at ,esi

a2. over its whole upper surface,'and on the other side to the air entering at a and acting. upon lthe valve b1 of which the area is less than that of the membrane. The latter remains therefore inthe position'of closure "19e 40t` the valve b, even vif leakage takes place and air passingtaround theyalveacts'upon the lower face of the membraneso asv to bal-- ance the pressure upon theother face, for

the spring b however' weakA supplies the re- 95 quired difference to insure closing.

vIt will beissen that to cause the closing or opening of the valve b it sulices to admit at, the union a2 air ofthe same pressure as that admitted at. a or to produce affall of pres- ,100' `sure upon the surface ofthe membrane on4 the side of this union a2, which latter lezliect Y is obtained by placing it in [communication with the atmosphere. l

Since the admission of compressed air v.for 105 starting a multi-cylinder engine' operating upon a` four-stroke cycle takes place only upon the third stroke and duringA a comparatively small part of stroke, it,y suffices for obtaining this admission` of air to 1.10

l). The unions a are connected to a common compressed-air pipe coming from a recelver, and the unions a2 to a suitable distributer such as that hereafter described;v

the unions a lead to the 4respective cylinders through non-return valves'. The distributer connected to the unions a2 1o is intended-toplace each of the diaphragm valves at the' desired moment in communication at their face o n this side eitherwith the source of. Acor'npressed-'air so as to maintain the valve b closed, so cutting off the supply of compressed'air to the cylinder, or with the vatmospheric pressure to allow the raising of .the valve by-the lcompressed air-which passes from a to 4a".and so tothe correspondlng cylinder. This distributer, ofwhich the yconstruction is hereafter described', and v whlch moreover can be made in accordance with ,various modifications,l a general Way with the .known .methods of starting, present system the -afteyset forth. `Figs. Sand 4 represent such a distributer; it comprises a rotary yalve drivenby the en- 'gine so that the communicatioiiof the diaphragm'valves withthe atmosphere at their f' faces on the side a? takes placev atthecorrect moment for each cylinderlso as tocause the admission of compressed ail-thereto.

at 1, 2, 3,4 are indicated th 3,5 leadto the unions a2 of .the'lfour diaphragmdistributers 'of but it has in the particular fr lnction here- Avalvesfrom 4 the four cylinders; F i's-the ,compressed air supply pipe; C indicatesthe ..rotary `valve of Whiph. the spindleis geared 4- `positively tothe engine by a train of wheel-s 4,0 such as C', for example to one of the valvev shafts ofthe latter, so as to revolve; at the desired speed ratio.' Thisfvalve comprises two channels as shown so as. to placesuccessively each ofgthepi'pes' 1,2, 3,4 incommunication Withthe atmosphere by the chan- `nella while the three others are n communication withy the source of compressedA air through the groovesc. i The general yapplication 'to thejen ine is efected as shownjdiagrammatically 1n Fig; 5. D D21)3 Dt-'are the four cylinders of the engine.v Each `of them is provided with the diaphragm-valve device throu h'which `it receives com ressed air. i5 be fixed'direct y uponthe cylinder or for facility in erection the fourdevices can be roupedlgtwofand t-wo, as 'shown on the *i raWing,A\ -A2ron one'side'andA.3 A* on v the; other; 2li d2 5t-d4 are' the four-pipes #B9-: connecting the cylinders `tothe unions a -of thief-four diaphragm-valves, through a non- .shovvs-in section and by Way of example the is analogous in Thisv evice can rotary distributer connected on one side by four pipes c c2 c3 c4 to the unions a2 of the four diaphragm-valves A A2 A3 A, and on the other side by a ipe F to the source of compressed air; the atter represented by the reservoir Gr, is connected by the pipe H to the unions a, of the diaphragm-valves A A2 A? A4.V Upon the pipe H is placedan ordinary stop-cock Rand a second stop-cock or valve I which can be operated directly by s hand by the lever z' or by a remote-control device hereafter described.-

, The operation is as. follo'wsz-For any stopping position of theengine, the distributer C, which has been stated to be' in positive relation Withfthe engine shaft, occupies a osition in which three of the diaphragmva ves A A2 A3 A4 are through their 'unions a2 in con'miunication with three of the pipesl cc2 c3 cfwof the distributer C, the fourth being in communication Vwith the atmosphere. The cylinder corresponding lto this last .diaphragm-valve will .'reeive compressed air-and initiate the .starting of the engine. Then the valve or cock I is opened for this purpose, compressed air from the reservoir G asses through the pipe F to the distributer and through the pipe-H to the devices A A2 A? A4. -Through the distributer C the compressed air passes alongv three of the tubes c c2 c c* to the unions a2 of lthe three diaphragm-valves which are not 1n communication with the atmosphere and fe pipeswhich acting upon thel faces of their membranes B onthe s1de of the unionggg2 maintain their valves `b closed. As regards the fourth diaphragm valve, its membrane B is at its face on the side of the union a2 placed at'atmospheric pressure; the. air arriving at a and acting upon its valve b, z'ge, its other face,

'opens the latter and passes at q. tothe cylinder, which by reason of the timing of the distributer is u on the -third or explosion stroke; the engine therefore commences to revolveand air is supplied successively .to thLe four cylinders bythe action ofthe distributer. C which places the four diaphragmfvalves -in turn .'at atmospheric pressure on the' side of'their unions a2. and so allows the passage of compressed hir from the union a to the unionjz and to the corresponding cylinder.

In certain applications, it may bc advisable, if the cock or valve I must be placed in position inaccessible directly or by a mechanical transmission, to controlgthis valve froma distance, likewise by means of compressed air. i

Fig. 7 represents an arrangement devised for this purpose. It consists of a valve, con` trolled by a cock .in amanner similar to the diaphragm-valve shown in Fig. 1. The aparatus `comprises a body J having a union y for th main air suppl from the reservoir and a un on j to which 1s connected the pipe H by" which the 'air passes to. all the Aparts A A2 AiAt; the air flows from the union 7' to the union j' through the valve 7u attached I to the membrane l. The latter is subjected upon the valve side tothe pressure of the compressed air and to a spring on the other face it can be subjected either to the pressure of the compressed air or to the atcomprises' a body O, a valve T with a stem having on one side a on "the othera threade portion t screwing yinto thestem u of the operating 4handle U';

t? isa recoil spring. `The stem 'u comprises a collar il. f Admissionof air takesplace at 'g/ and outlet yat/f. The valve I cannot turn mospheric pressure by means Icfa small distributer L which constltutes'the controller,i

lthere is no pressureon the. other face of the membrane. But il byI operating the valve Z' of the small distributer L connected at Z to thesource .of compressed air and at m to the pipeA M, ai-r at the same pressure -is admitted upon the upper` face of the membrane K, the equilibrium is broken, the valve 7c opens and the main air tlowsfrom j to j toward thediaphragm valves A A? A3 A'i of the cylinders, the valve /c remaining open so long as the air pressure is maintained by the-small distributor L. lVhen the latter is operated to stop this admission and the said face of the membrane K is returned to the atmos plieric pressure by the Vchannel Z2, of the small distributer, the compressed air from j pressing beneath the membrane K will automatica'lly. reclose the valve 7s. y

Fig. l shows a modification of the valve represented in Fig. 7 and of which the/funcg tion is similar to that'described, butit comprises in addition a screwr N which allowsv of pressing the valve 7c tightly against *itsA seat. when the.apparatus is not `:to be ernployed. These pneumatic controls for th e"` main inlet valve allow of having operating devices of very small size -and requiring less f'xertion from the operation.

Fig. ll. shows a modication of the small i distributer of Fig.v 8,arranged with liftvalves instead of a rotary valve. This kapparatus comprises a body O, a valve P, a spring p. and an operating handle Q, carrying a valve y; a rubber Washer Q forms a packing. Compressed air taken from the main pipe arrives at Z; Ait flows to .monly when the handle Q is pushed. The valve g resting then upon its seat, raises the valve I and compressed air passes outl atm toward the valve shown in Fig. 7 or 10, a

small channel g2 placing the base ofthe valve g in communication with the 'atmosf phere.

F ig. 1:2 shows a cock combi-ning in one the two valves I and R indicated in Fig. 5, that is the. valve or cock which is operated directly or indirectly to obtain the start, and

the auxiliary stop-cock. This apparatus but onlyinove longitudinallyY being guided by. the sliding square; if the .hand-wheell U is turned to screw the stem u until the collar u contacts with the body, the valve .Tis pressed and lockedl upon its seat, and the device thus serves as a stop-coclrlike the cock Rin Fig.

o. To causethis device to act as -a ls tartin valve like the cock I, the wheel U isturnel to unscrew and free the collar u; it then suiiicesto kpress upon the wheel U as on a button to release the valVeT from its seat and cause the passage of compressed air."

The invention can of coursebe carried out with all modifications consonantfWith-the general arrangements set forthU and is not limited to the constructional details represented.. A

The invention has been described vin its application lto afour-cylinder engine, but. can of course be applied to an engine of a greater number of cylinders, the-distributer being arranged in a corresponding manner.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as such and desire to secure by Letters Patent is :h-.

1. The combination with an explosmn en gine `having'a'plurality of cylinders, of a plurality of sources of Huid under pressure, ay rvalve. 'casing for each cylinder and communicating ."therewith fand communicating Withv both -of said sources, a Valve for closing the communication between one of said sourcesandthe cylinder, a diaphragm in the 'casing 'for controlling the val-ve and .-aryranged between the portleading to the other source and the port leading to the cylinder, one face 'of the'diaphragm being subjectto the pressure from the other source andthe other to the pressure ofjthe cylinder, anda rotating valve drivenfby the engine for successively interrupting the communication between the said other source and the valve casingls: y

2. The combination with an explosion engine having a pluralityof cylinders, of a 'plurality of sources of fluid under pressure,

a valve casing for each cylinder and communlda'ting therewith and communicating with -both of said sources, a valve for closing the communication between one of said sources and the cylinder, a diaphragm in thecasing for controlling the'` valve and arranged between the port leading to the other source and the port leading to the cylinder, one face-ofthe diaphra In being subject to the pressurefrom the sald other source and the'other to the pressure of the cylinder," and guidingsquare t and ros ' means operated bythe ,engine'for'successively interrupting the? communicationl bef.

tween said othersourc'eand the valve cas-.i

3. The combinationwith an explosion engine havin a plurality'of.-cylinders, of a.

plurality o` sources of fluid under pressure, a valve' casing for 4eachjcyllnder and com- Y municatng .therewith 4and communicating with both vof said sources, a valve for c1o s. ing-the communication between one of said sources land the cylinder, adiaphragm in the vcasing for controlling thel valve and ar# rangedbetween the port leading to th'ther 'source and the port leading to the cylinder, one face ofthe diaphragm being subject to the pressure from said other s ource and the other to the pressure of the cylinder, a rotat- 1 ing valve driven by the engine for f succescasings, and .a manually operated valve for. 'controlling the communicationbetween the said'othersource'and the rotating valve.

slvelyy interrupting the communication between\ the said other source and the valve- 4;. The combination-withv anexplosion engin-e. .having a plurality of cylinders, .of a

v plurality of sources of' fluid under pressure,

a valve casing for eachjc linder and communicating therewith an communicating with both of said. sources, a valve for closin the communication. between one. of sai sources and thecylinder, a diaphragm in the casing. for .controlling the valve -and. ar-

l 4 ranged'between the port'leading to the other source andthe port `leading to the cylinder, one facerof the diaphragm being subject to the pressure from `the said other source and "the said valve for controlling 4gine having a plurality lof cylinders, of' a plurality of sources of fluid under pressure,

- a valve casin for eachcylinder and 'com- 'munlcatlng tierewi'th and communicatlng with both of said sources, a valve for closing the communication between one of sai sources andthe cylinder, a diaphragm 'in the casing for `controlling the valve and arranged between the port leading to the other source and the port leading to the cylinder, one face of the diaphragm being subject to the pressure from the said other source and the other to the pressure of the cylinder, a rotating valve drlven by the engine for successively interruptin lthe com.-

munication between the said ot er source and the valve casing, a valve controlling the communication between the said other source and the rotating valve, means remote from thesame and meansfor cutting out the sai means.

In testimony whereof I have signed niy I name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

' JULES. EUGNE MALIVERT. YWitnesses: A

' BENJAMIN' BLOCHE ELLWooD AUSTIN ELDEN.

Images