US946166A - Space telegraphy. - Google Patents

Description

J. S. STONE.'

SPACE TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED 11:13.27, 1906.

946,166. Patented Jam.11,`1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Nm? IIIl J. S. STONE.

SPACE TBLEGRAPHY.

`APPLICATION FILED 2213.27, leqs.

Patented Jam 11, 1910.

-to 'provide certain novel circuit arrangebe-employed in connection with the circuit 1904. and 767,994, Aug.A 16, 1904.

Vcomprising a direct-current motor D and an Unten` srnrns rATnNT ritten.'

JOHN STONE STONE, OMFv CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS.

SPACE TELEGRAPHY.

.To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Joux STONE STONE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Cambridge, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, .have .invented a new and useful vImprovement in vSpace l`elegr:.iphy of which the followingis a specilication.

M v invention relatesl to the art of transl mitting intelligence from ,one station to another by means of electromagnetic waves without the use of wireslto guide the waves to their destination; and it relates more'particularly to the system of such transmission in which the electromagnetic waves are developed by producing electric vibrations or oscillations in an elevated conductor. preferably vertically elevated.

The objects of the present invention are ments for space telegraph transmitting and receiving systems; to provide means in the primary power circuit. for protecting the electricalapparatus in-said primary power circuit from the effects of excessive currents and potentials; and to provide certain improved details of construction which may arrangements set forth in iny prior patents, Nos. 714,756, Dec. 2, 1902, 707,98l, Auglt,

Other objects of my invention will hereinafter appear `and will be particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

My invention may best be understood by having reference to the drawings which ac company and form a part of this specification and which illustrate certain apparatus and circuit arrangements embodying my in?y vention; but it is to be understood that my invention is not limited to the particular embodiments thereof which are illi'istrated in said drawings inasmuch as my invention f may be subjected to a wide range of variation without departing from the principle thereof.

In tle drawings, Figure I diagrammatically represents a space telegraph transmitting stem Figa?. diagrannnatically repre-l sents combined transmitting,and receiving space telegraph system.

In tlze figures, D A is a motor-.generator alternating current generator V is an Specification of Letters Patent; Patented'J 3,11. 11, 1910.

Application filed February 27, 1906. Serial No. 303,213.

(ECI CH C17-l CM1 CH2 C/l/ZAC/ll/ are Conr densers;'P is an oscillation responsive de' vice-herein shown as a vWollaston anode WV in an electrolyte contained in a cup P; T is a telephone or other suitable signal-indicating device; B isa battery; R is va resistance;

and S is a spark gap.

In Fig. 1 the circuit C I1 is a sonorous or .persistently oscillating circuit inductively associated with the elevated conductor system V I, E by means of thel transformer M whose windings'l,L I, preferably are so spatially related as to render the period of said sonorous circuit practically independent of the electromagnetic constants of said ele- 'vated conductor system, as more fully eX! plained in the aforesaid patents. The cir- -cuit containingthe alternator A and the primary I, of the transformer M is the pri,- mary power circuit the energy of which vis delivered at-the desired tension to lsaid-sonorous circuit by means of.said transformer. The motor-generator is energized by any suitable source of direct. current, to the mains of which the motor D isconnected.

-Forthe purpose `of protecting the armature windings of the alternator A, I connect the branch circuit c Y across the terminals of said alternator and connect one armature of the condenser G included in sa-id circuit tol'the frame H of the alternator, so that any electrical oscillations which may be 'created 4in the primary power circuit by the reaction developed between the points o and o', Ir

connect a spark-gap s across the terminals of said condenser. `In order to protect. the alternator from excessive currents which Vmay be developed in the primary power circuit in case of condenser breakdown or arc at the spark-gaps caused by the" reaction of" the sonorous circuit thereon. or from any other cause I may connect a fuse F on either side of the condenser C in the branch o Zi.

A branch e d is connected across the terminals of the primaryv I of the transformer M and is connected to earth at E. armatures of the condenser C which is included in said branch c. d. By means of said branch c d and its connection to earth d E', the primary Ill of the. transformer M and the armature of the alternator A are protected from excessive potentials or currents developed in the primary' power circuit by the reaction thereon of the Ysonorous circuit S C Il. For the purpose of further protecting said primary power circuit vas above set Jforth from excessive currents a Vfuse F may be connected on one side of the van impedance high as compared to its impedance for the frequencies of the oscillations developed in the sonorous or oscillating circuit.

W hen a' direct-current source is employed as indicated in Fig. l, the sparking at the commutator of the direct-currentgenerator creates oscillatory surgings in the mains and these surgings being of relatively high frequency and having considerable amplitude will create currents in the receiving system which generally is-located in close proximity to the transmitting system and which sometimes is intimately associated therewith as shown in Fig. 2. i For the purpose of eliminating the eliect on the receiving system and its oscillation responsive device ot' such relatively high frcquency oscillatory surgings I may connect the branch e f across the motor side of the motor-generator D A for conducting to earth the currents developed in the motor circuit bythe sparking at the commutator ot' the generator which supplies the mains. to which the motor is connected or the currents induced in said motor circuit by the surgings created in a neighboring direct-cur rent transmission system. F or this purposel the condenser C may be serially included in the branch e f and one of its armatures may be earthed as shown at E. A fuse F may be included in saidbranch e f on A spark-gap .s is connected across the' condenser C5 may be arranged in other ways for eiilecting this result. It will of course be understood that, in general, the capacity of the condenser C.` is larger than the capacity of either ofthe condensers C C.

In order to increase the power factor of the primary power ,circuit and render said power tactor constant over a wide range of the secondary. circuit current values' I may include the inductance L2 between one terniinal of the primary 11 and one terminal of the condenser C5 and arrange said inductance so that it will be out ot inductive relation with the secondary I, as shown in Fig. l. In such case an inductance coil L1 may be introduced in the primary power circuit as a means ot' assisting the condenser C5 and inductance coil L2 in maintaining the power factor ol the primary circuit high and approximately constant for varying loads in the secondary or sonorous circuit. For this purpose the inductance oi the coil L1 plus the indnctance oi the armature of the generator A should equal approximately the sum of theinductance ot' the coil L2 and the apparent inductance of the primary Il of the transformer M. The coil L2 in this case serves to compensate for variations in the apparent or eti'ective inductance of the primary l1 due to varying loads in the second,- ary circuit, and therefore maintains the inductance of the branch consisting of the primary l1 and the coil L2 more nearly constant for varying loads on the transformer. A rheostat comprising the contact arm r and resistance tniay,as shown,be included in the circuit ot' the generator A and primary Il to control the supply of energy to-the transformer M. t

ln Fig. 2 the protective devices are the same as those already described in connection with Fig. l. The elevated conductor is connected to the .spring contact It at the point o and the contact member which 'cooperates with said contact t is connected to earth at E. Between the points 0 and 0 the receiving system is connected and itwill be apparent that upon the depression ot the key K the projection t presses the spring t: into contact with its coperating member and closes the contact 7cm thereby short-circuiting the receiving system between the points 0 0 and thereby connecting the receiving system to the elevated transmitting conduc tor system V L o t ol li at a point having practically' zero potential to earth. lt will be apparent also that the potential (flirterence developed between the points 0 o during transmission, even when currents of very large amplitudeare developed in said elevated conductor systennjwill be negligibly small and will not develop in the receiving system currents of suliicient amplitude to in- 'jurethe Adelicate parts thereof such as the l coil L or the coils of the transformers w lltl M M. Simultaneously with, or before or after, the closure of the contact /cf the receiver is rendered inoperative by aising the lv'vollaston anode lV ont of the electrolyte contained in the cell I. It is immaterial Whether the anode be raised out of contact with saidclectrolvt'e before or after the closure of the contact cf, all that is necessary being that both these operations occur prior tothe closure of the contact la.

I do not Wish to limitmyself to the particular means shown in F ig. 2 and described above for rendering the receiver inoperative, inasmuch as various other means may be employed for this purpose.

The elevated receiving conductor system consists of the elevated conductor per 8c Y,

the secondary L, the conductor connecting the latter to the point '0, the inductance L, the'parallel branch circuit C7', I, and the conductor connecting the latter to earth at E. The electromagnetic constants of said parallel branch circuit are so proportioned that for a persistent train of waves of the frequency to which the resonant receiving circuit 12 C., is attuned said parallel branch circuit Will'balance, by its reactanee the reactance of the rest of the elevated receiving conductor system, in which system it will be noted, the secondary I., operates merely as an inductance. The resonant weeding-out circuit C"2 I2 1', may, if,d e sii-ed, be interposed between the parallel branch circuit and the resonant receiving circuit 1"2: C2 as more fully explained in my prior patents.

vWhen electrical oscillations having the frequency t which the-resonant receiving. circuit is attuned are developed in said res- )nant receiving circuit, a maximum difference of potential exists across the terminals of the condenser Qg which is one of the tuning elements of said resonant circuit and therefore across the terminals of this condenser I connect the electrolytic receiver P in lieu of connecting said receiver in series with said resonant circuit. The apparent resistance of the electrolytic receiver Pis large land if such receiver is connected/inseries with the resonant receiving circuit the selectivity of said circuit is considerablyreduced. Furthermore the electrolytic capacity of said `receiver is not. quite constant so that by connecting an electrolytic4 receiver' across a point of maximum potential development of said circuit and in shunt to a condenser of relatively large capacitythe receiver exerts a much less pronounced effect upon the se? lectivity of said circuit than -When'it is serially connected therewith. The signal-indicating device Tand the variable resistance R, Which resista-nce with the battery Bland contact lam constitutes a potentiometer, may

as shown be connected in series with the re;

ceiver P because the large distributed ca- 'cuit to the passage of high frequency currents therethrough.

f It is often desirable, and for commercial operation itis necessary, that a receiving operator should be able to break the transmission from a distant station when he fails to understand a message o r a portion thereof, and such operatioir of breaking is accomplished by the apparatus shown in vF ig. 2 lby the simple expedient of depressing the key K. By the depression of the key K the receiver is rendered inoperativie, the receiving system is short-circuited by the closure of the contact /UH and the elevated transmitting conductor is connected to earth, and` then by a farther movement of the key K the primary power circuit is closed at le thereby effecting the radiation of electromagnetic Waves from the elevated conductor system. These Waves are absorbed by the elevated receiving conductor system at the station from Which signals are being transmitted to the receiving operator who is breaking a, and when the key at said' transmitting station is in normal position the break signal may be read by the ltransmitting operator 'at said station between his ovvn signal elements. F or this purpose the operators retain the telephone T, which preferably is a head telephone, in position while sending and it Will be obvious that the connection of the receiving system to the elevatcd conductor transmitting system at a point of Zero potential during transmission will permit an operator so to retain the telephone T in position with safety. It is also to be noted that the telephone T being in a tertiary circuit is not conductively connected to the transmitting system at any time. lt ivill be noted that the means operated by the 'sending device K for short-circuiting the receiving system between the points 0 o are not connected either electrically or mechanically with said sending device.

As shown in Fig. l, rrepresents the laminated'iron core of the transformer M. One terminal of both the primary and secondary is connected With said core which is earthed at E. The object in connecting' these two i windings to`said core is'to minimize differences of potential which might otherwise arise between said'cor'e and portions of said windings most nearly adjacent thereto.. The entire Ytransformer M is inclosed in a tin jacket X and scaled in With a molded seal- .ing compound of high dielectric strength.

Said jacket is likewise connected with one 'cuit operatively associated with said generator, a radiating system related to said sonorous circuit, a circuit connected across the terminals of said generator and including a condenser, and a metallic connection from one armature of said condenser to the frame of said generator.

2. In a space telegraph system, a power circuit including a generator, a sonorous circuit operatively associated withsaid generator, a radiating system related toA said sonorous circuita circuit connected across the terminals of said generator and including a condenser. a metallic connection from one armature of said condenser to the trame of said generator, and means for protecting said condenser from excessive potenv tials.

3. In a space telegraph system, a power circuit including a generator, a sonorous circuit operatively associated with said generator, a radiating system related to said cluding a condenser, a metallic connectionl from one armatureot said condenser to the trame of said generato-r, and means in the condenser circuit tor protecting said generator from excessive currents. i 1

5. In a space telegraph system, a power circuit including a generator, a sonorous cir- 4cuit operatively associated withsaid gen-` erator, a radiating system related to said sonorous circuit, a circuit connected across the terminals of said generator and including a condenser, a metallic connection' from one armature ot said condenser lto the frame of said generator and a fuse in said condenser circuit.

6. In a space telegraphrsystem, a power circuit including a generator, a sonorous circuit operatively associated with said generator, a radiating system related to said sonorous circuit, a circuit connected across the terminals ot said generator and including a condenser, a fuse-in said circuit, a metallic connection from one armature or" said condenserto the frame of said generator, and a spark gap connected across the terminals or said condenser.

7. In a space telegraph system, a power circuit including the primaryof a trans a fuse in said circuit, and a spark gap connected across the terminals of said condenser.

9. In a space telegraph system, a power circuit including the primary of a transformer, a circuit connected across the terminals of said primary including a condenser, a spark-gap connected across the terminals of said condenser, and a connectiontrom one armature of said condenser to earth.

circuit including the' primary ot a transformer, a circuit connected across the terminals ,of said primary including a condenser, a fuse in said circuit, a spark-gap connected across the terminals of said condenser, and a connection from one armature of said con` denser to earth.

1l. In a space telegraph system, a power circuit including the-l primary of a transformer, asecondary inductively associated with saidvprimary, a metallic connection Y v 13. In a space telegraph system, a motorgeiierator, a space telegraph transmitting system associated with the generator side of said motor-'generator and means associated with the motor side of said motor-generator for conducting to earth the currents' induced in the motor circuit by extraneous electrical forces.

14:. In a space telegraph system, a motorgenerator, a sonorous circuit operatively associated with the generator side of said motor-generator, a radiating system related to said sonorous circuit, a circuit connected across the motor side of said motor-generator and including a condenser, means in said circuit tor protecting said condenser l from excessive currents and means connect ing one armature of said condenser to earth.

l5. In a space telegraph system, a motorgenerator, a sonorous circuit operatively as- -A10. In a space telegraph system, a power ICO sociated With the generator side of said motor-generator, a radiating system related to said sonorous circuit, a circuit connected across the motor side ofsaidmotor-generator and including a condenser, a-fuse in `said circuit and means connecting one armaturepofsaid condenserto earth.

16. In a space telegraph system, a inotorgenerator, a sonorous circuit operatively associated with the generator side of said motor-generator, a radiating system related to said sonorous circuit, a circuit connected across the. motor side of said motor-generator, and including a condenser, and means conrlecting one armature-of said condenser to eart 17. In a space telegraph system, a motor-v generator, a sonorous circuit operatively associated with the generator side Vot said motor-generator, a radiating system related to said sonorous circuit, a circuit connected across the motor side'of said motor-generator and including a condenser, means-for protecting said condenser from excessivepo-- v tentials andmeans connecting one arm of said condenser to earth.O 18. In a space telegraph system, a motorgenerator, a sonorous circuit operatively associated with the generator side of said Inotor-generator, a radiating system related' to said 'sonorous circuit, a` circuit connected lacross the motor side of sald motor-generator, and including a condenser,:a spark gap connected across the terminals of said c011- denser and means connecting one armature of said condenser to earth.4

19. In aA spacetelegraph system, a motorgenerator,a sonoreus circuit operatively associated with the generator side .of said motor-generator, a radiating circuit related to said sonorous circuit,'-a circuit connected across the motor side of said motor generae JOHN STONESTONE. Witnesses E. B. ToMLrNsoN,

Guo. AK. WoomvoR'rH.

Images