US934796A - Arc-lamp. - Google Patents

Description

E. E. SAVER ARG LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED 0071.1, 1907.

Patented Sept. 21, 1909.

:i Amig HENRY E. BAVIES, F WEEAEEN HEIGHTS, 553:@,3'3'55 Application tiled october 13G?.

To all whom it 'may Concern:

Be it known that' l, HENRY lL. Davies, a citizen ot' the United States of America, residing' at lilleehawlten Heightsr` in the county of Hudson and vtate of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful linnn-ove ments in .lere-Lamps. ot' which the following is a speciication.

My invention relates to arc lanips and particularly to arc lainps of the type having downwardly p'rojectinn electrodes, and consists in the features set t`orth in the follow ingV specification.

in the accompanying drawings in which lny invention is illustrated Figure l is a. side elevation partly in section of my lamp; Fig. 2 is a cross section otl the eeononiizer portion ot' the saine; Fig. 3 is a cross Section at right angles thereto; Fig. 4t is a cross section of the saine showing additional. features, and Fig. 5 is a diagram ot the lainp windings.

One of the principal objects ot niy invention is to provide vtor a lamp ofthe type illustrated, an etlicient eeonoinizer.

,Referring to the drawings; it will be seen that I provide the lamp with an eeonoinizer lO'which is preferably iliade ot 'material having low heat conductivity, and consists of a- -body portion l0 through which the tips of the electrodes `ll project. into an elliptical chamber yl2 toi-ined by a depending Skirty '13. This chamber is made as small as is practieably possible and preferably should not exceed in its greatest' dimensions two and a halt times the diameter of the electrodes. lts, shortest diameter is preferably only slightly greater than the diameter ofv one of the electrodes. By making the chamber of this ronstricted size its sides are lcept aty a very high temperature by the are, and the comlensation ot' the vapors troni the are is thereby retarded. This is oE espe, cial advantage' when thel electrodes contain 'salts which tend to forni a solid deposit.

The retarding of the condensation of the vapors not. only has this advantage but it also serves to keep the vapors longer 'at the arc and thus materially decreases the conD sinuption ot' the electrode. when the elee- Speeiicaton of Letters Patent.

.the arc by the eeonoinizer.

maintained 'in its filiation Seriali No. 395,-l'l2.

trede tips are at their most advantageous' position in the chamber7 it hasbeen ascertained by actual experiment that an electrode lite 255 per cent. greater than that obtained with the ordinary round econoinizer, is secured. it ia t'ound also tl at when using the ordinary carbon electrodes the light .troni the are has an agree-able white color, the propor tion ot blue and violet rays not being so lgreatas in arc lamps of the ordinary type. in connection with this economi/eri l propose to nee a blow magnet lll oy which the are is depressed and spread so that it fills the entire chamber. it will be readily seen that the advantageous results above forth may be considerably augmented hy this means, it desired the econoniizer may be made of sutlfieient width and provided with recesses to receive the pole tips of the magnet ywhich, as shown in Fig. 2 are thereby proteeted troni the heet of the arc.-

By reason oi the narrowness of the are chamber the gap between the pole tips of the magnet may he inode very short., particularly when protected troni the heat of )is the operation ot the regulating mechanism for the electrodes is dependent upon the resistance of the are and the resistance ol the is gi'werned by tie blow magnet, the importance ot this improvement-is apparent, Through this inagg'iietio ree'ulation the arc is most eltlcient position ia the economiser.

lllhile the constrictod chamber below is highly etlieient withou .i additional features, l prefer to completely inclose the are by adding;l a globe l5 which closely surrounds the saine and is supported in the flange rl`he joint between tin globe and the shirt is made as nearly air tight possible allowing' for the expansion and contraction of the materials employed. This globe adds another element ot' economy since the combustion olI the electrodes is retarded by thus cutting ott' the oxygen supply.

rl'he etliciency ot the lainp is increased by times in the are. circuit,

ill: ese-,wee

suitably iinpregnating the same with conipounds, especially oxids, oit the metallic 1 group commonly s polren ot as the rare earths, comprising ceriuni, erhiuni., thorium, yttrinni, l etc., either siiigly or in combination. liilhen in operation the oxids in the economizer are influenced hy the heat and actinic radiations Jlroin the arc and themselves emit light. rlhis l el'ect is oit course ii'icreased it the electrode4 l are similarly impregnated, though the inipregnation of either electrodes or economizer l alone is advantageous. l l

ln addition to imprcgnating the ecoi'io niizer, the electrodes or both as described, a shell lo may he added below and around the arc, which is also impregnated with the materials mentioned. lhis shell may he used either with or without the surrounding globe l5. course tue eliiciency oit the arc is still further increased hy the light radiated l from the Kids in the shell. l

.in combination ivit i the econoniizer constructed described, i novel operating mechanism Jier the electrodes is also provided.

As shown in Fig. l, the electrodes .lll are suspended in any suitable manner at their upper ends, as hy the cords 17 which are actuated in any suitable manner hy the rotatable spindle 18 as by passing,- around. a pulley on said spindle. ln this case the cords harry a connlerweifht li) attached to the ends opposite the electrodes. 'lhe spindle 155, is actuated hy a rotary eiectroanotor 20, acting either directly on the spindle or through gears.

The motor, as employed. by ine, is at all its action depending l directly on the conditions therein, and it is connected so as to present at all times to the are current-a circuit including no loose contacts.

lhe Winding ot' the stator 2l is connected in series n' i the are, presenting a con. tinuous path to the current, from one terniinal lj through the stator Winding, the blow magnet i4, the arc, and hack to the other terminal ll. 'the rotor circuit 2O is tap-pcd oil' 'from the stat-:ir winding at fr, passes through the rotor coils, and returns to the main circuit at B.

lll hen no Voltage is impressed on the lamp, the electrodes tall by `gravityV until their tips come into contact, when they supportJ each othen l When current is passed through the lamp, the motor is energized, and its rotor revolves so as to raise the electrodes. As they are drawn upward, gradually lengthening the arc, the current diminishes. Since thetorque et the motor varies with the furrent, ywhen I this has reached a predetermined value, the l torque becomes balanced hy the ellective l weight ot the electrodes and their supportine; devices, and ithe rotor stopsn When the electrodes hurn away so as to l turther lengthen the arc, or when t'or any other reason the resistance oit the arc rises, the current, diminishing, reduces the torque of the rotor, and the Weight of the electrodes `causes it. to rotate so as to lower lthe electrodes. This shortens the arc until the current again becomes normal, when the rotor again comes to rest. When the lamp is properly adjusted, this feeding action practically steady light.

llihen several. lamps el' this type are run in series, the collective weight ot their electrodes may balance the collective torque. el.: their motors, with the result that the totallarc resistance o'l the series may he correct while the individual arcs may vary greatly in leiigth, causing proportionate variation in light. To overcome this, a coil l, Fig. 5, arranged in n'iagnetic opposition lo the coil 21, and is connected in shunt across the arc. its the current in this coil varies with the voltage acr(v the arc, when this voltage reaches its predetermined value, the inllucncc of the coil li added to the Weight oit the electrodes halances the motor. rlhus it will be seen that any arc of a series Will maintain a dci'inite length and conselpiently, hy adjusting all lamps of a series to the same voltage, they l` `y he made to emit the saine amount ot lilfht,

vWhile other mechanisms electrodes and raising the saine may he cinployed, the device which l have described is considered the most satisfactory one.

l claim as my invent-ion:

l. ln an arc lamp having a plurality ot' downwardly pointing electrodes, an econol inizer ot'- porous material having its 'walls inu'iregnated with a compound of a rare earth adapted to'he rendered incandescentby the continued presence oil the are.

2. ln an are lamp, a, plurality of downwardly pointing electrodes impregnated with a compound of a rare earth, in comlJi nation with an economia/ier, the inner Walls oit which are similarly impregnated, adapted to he rendered incandescent by the continued presence of the are.

:i ln an are lamp having a plurality ott ior holding the l dowi'iwardly pointing` electrodesfan econominer having` the 'Walls oi: the are chamher impregnated with a metallic salt adapted to be rendered incandescent hy the continued presence ot the arc.

4t. in an are lamp having a plurality oll downwardly pointing electrodes, an. econo miner having the walls oli the arc chamber impregnated with a. metallic salt adapted to he rendered incandescent hy the heat and actinic radiations ol the arc, in con'ihination with electrodes impregnated with a metallic salt adapted to increase the aclinic radiations ot the arc.

practically continuous, Giving a Elf) fifi

l'lll 5. 'u :1n aw hunpnarc chamberthe WHHS In testimony whefeo haw/'Q signed my 0f wnch. are nnp'egpaed wlth a metalhc 1mm@ to this spemficatwn, m the, presence snit adupi'cd to be, rendered mcandscent by of two subscmbmg witnesses.

:u'finfn radiations of the are. i L. GROW.

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