US934442A - Grinding apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

H. K. HITCHCOCK.

,summum manna. v nruorrlol rlLnn .univ 19, 1901. nnrzwnn Jpn 12,1909. I n y 934,442. rammed spfh 21M, 1909i v/ 4 i x 11i.; ze f5 i 'Il i Lk `cocu. a eitizen o'l the United HALBEBT K. HITCHCOCK. F TAENTUM, PENNSYLVANIA.

@BINDING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent..

` Application le'd July 19. 1907, Serial No. 384.639; Renewed July 12,

Patented Sept. 21, 1909.

1909. 'serial No. 501,259. i

yTo all 'whom i may confer-n:

Ilrrcix- States., residing at 'I`areutum. in the eounty of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania. have invented certain new and useful Improvements in tirindizrer Apparatus. of which the following is a speeitieatton.

.ily invention relates to griruiingir apparatus. and has for its principal objects: to provide au apparatus wherefhy the rapidity of the reducing operation is accelerated, and u ithout any wast e of the ahrading material; to provide an apparatus wherein ahrading material of a degree of tineness varying to -uit the kind of grinding done is automatit-ally supplied in eonjunetion with the proper amount of water ntacessary for eaeh partienho: operation: and finally. to provide an appwatus' reduit-im;t little-attention. wherein the :thrusting material is act'urateiy graded and supplied in proper quantities directly trom the grading meansy to the grinding mechanism. (')ne embodiment of my invenle it. known thatl. H tLm/:u'r K.

tion is illustrated in the aeeompanying draw ings. wherein :A--

'fig-uw t is a side elevation partly in seetnm shim ing the relative arrangement ot' the nat-ts. and i Figure is a plan view of the apparatus. The apparatus illustrated and hereinafter hv-erihed. is designed fin' the operations iu- -ident to the grinding and smoothing of plate glass. hut it will he understood that the hroatl invention involved is applienhle to a .title rang't ot grinding' operatious. ln the apparatus illustrated` the invention relates pa 'tiental-lv to the means .for supplying hrading' material. the grinding meellanism 'wed lit-ingr suhstantially the same. as that .:-retot'ore employed. lleretofore the Sand ast-d io glass grinding has been handled as mtl-Jus. For the rough reduction oi' the surtaetof the glass. or vfacing; operation. a mixture ot' ,Land containing hoth coarse and tine material was placed in a long: V shaped hoppt-i adjat'ent. the grindingr tahle and washed thereon h v a stream of water from a hose. lu this operation the finer. lighter material was washed out first leaving the eoarser material to he used last. This operation has heen found unetzonomieal. as the use of the eoarse aand last leaves the glass with a very rough finish. necessitating.r a long and tedioueI Furthersand ard watef;

subsequent. finishing operation. more, the character of the "in'g material into its various cannot he accurately kgagged and the sand acts to poor' advantage when eoarser and finer partieles are upon the table at the same time, as the coarser particles keep therunners from touching the .finer particles and the finer particles get in the way of the coarser ones and impair their effectiveness. For the finishingr operation, the ahrading utaterial was then separated into grades of varying fineness either by means of a settling procese@ wherein the water from the facing operation carrying the abradinv material in suspensiotnwas carried through a series of pits' or tanks wherein the various grades set tied, or by an additional water carrying the alu-ailing material in snspension was placed in a tank and agitated, after which the abrading material was allowed to settle. "for a given period and the mixture above a 'certain level Withdrawn,

whieh operation was followed hy a Seriesof additions ot water, agltattons, withdrawals' and settlings of the volumes withdrawn, thus gradually eliminatingthe li hter parts of thematerial trom the tank an settling them. While the addition of the. second method lgives hetter results than the first, both are inconvenient in operation and give grades lacking in uniformity. as the result of the separation varies with the mixture introduced. which mixture'is a variable one and cannot. he gagged with any certainty. and in any ease the separation is incomplete due to the entrapping; ol' quantities ot the liner material heneath that which is eoarser. lt will process wherein.

he seen that the foregoing operations re quired a great deal of labor in rehandling the ahradiug' material after grading it. eonvcyinp; it to the grinding mechanism and gauging its applit-ation to the grinding' meehanism. and the operation was accompanied hy a wasttl of material and an inefficient operation ot' the -grindingr mechanism. My improved apparatus is designedto aeromplish the desired separation into an infinite umidita-'of grades completely and aeeuratetv without rehaudling. and to supply suclrmiv terial to the grinding mechanism direetly.'

and in tuantities adjusted to suit the condition o the surface to he reduced. beginning with the eoarsest and followingrup with successively t'mer and liner grades. dated. the, apparatus comprises the usual Igrinding mee lanism in conjunction with ,a sgi-ailing tank adapted to separate the ahradgrades and so Briefiy is largest take the lowest. positions. as the' normal down 'ard veloeitv ot a particle through the water depends upon this ratio. which ratio in particles ot' the same shape and density increases'with the size ot' the particles. 'l`lic targetand more compact particles thus como to a position of equililiriutn in a stratum in the bottom ot' the tank where the upward velocity is `greatest. whih` the other particles arrange themselves in a series otl st rata. the ratios ot' weight'to resistance in liquid of the particles composing which strata. decrease 'as the distance from ,the bottom oi' the tank increases. A tter the material has heen graded. the contents oll the tank is drawn ott' from the.hotto!n. thus sftpplvcg the coarsest material in the tahlo to do the rough l lfrindiug. and as the surface of the glass is reduced. a liner and tim-r qualit)` ot' material is supplied until all the material has heen withdrawn from the tank and the plate under treatment has been reduced to the required degree ol smoothness.

Referring now to the drawinfr, the appaiatus hown at the lett of the hgures is the ordinary grindingr mechanism. for reducing the surface ot' plate glass. while the apparatus shown at4 the right of the figures is the rial to the friuding apparatus wherein my invention particularly resides. The grinding mechanism comprises the usual table l .on the surface ol which the glass is secured, the shafty 2 for turning such table. the gear :t t'or driving the shaft 2` the. runners or grinding disks -l supported ahove the table 1 in position to grind the t'ace of the glass in the usual manner, and the shafts 5 for carrying the runners. which shafts 5 are mounted in a frame-work capable of lateral movement to permit of the removal of the glass. l is the usual trough e\tendinr about the tahle in position to receivetho ai-i tcrial and 4'atei' as it falls t'rom the table, and 7 is the drainage pit into which the abrading material and water from the trough 6 is collected. The gradino' a paratus comprises the tank S pret'erahlY o the conical shape shown` provided with' the overflow pipe 9 and the inlet, pipe 10, which inlet pipe is provided with a cut-ott' valve 11. 65 ho contents of the tank are condulzjted to means for grading and supplying the n1ate` raiding nia-- ried in the receptacle 15"', which receptacle y n constructed with downwardly '.:onverging walls. and is adapted to he lled 'from the mam h v means of the cock 15p,

.steam pipe 16 is provided with an upwardly directed end 1T adjacent the lower end' ot' gradually tht` admission pipe .ltt which constitutes a means for securingr a llow ol' liquid from the pit T up into and through thetank I- The operation ot' the, apparatus 1s as fol; lows. 'lhe pit. being tilted with a mixture ot' ahrading material and water from the facing operation. stea'm is admitted te the pipe 1 thus sending a stream of liquid upward through the pipe 10 and the.tank-S. This tlow is continued until a proper density ol' liquid in the tank S is secured. the surplus water together with the particles of material in the mixture. too tine to use. overtlowing through the pipe 9 and leaving in the tank the heavier portions designed 'for use in the grinding operation. A stratification ot' the particles of material in the tank occurs with thel la rger and heavier particles at the hottom and the smaller particles arranged thereahove in positions depending.' upon their size. density and frictional Surface, which result is secured hecauseoi' the difference in the upward velocity of the' liquid in the tank at the dill'erent levels and liecanse of the fact, that the ratio of the weight. of the .particles to their frictionat surface increases wlth their size and density.` The point of greatestvelocity of upward flow in the tank Sis obviously at. the bottom for two reasons. first, because of the increased cross-section of the tank as the asipiter progresses npward, rendering such vel/deity inversely proportional to the'area, and. seeond, hecause of the fact that the larger particles at the lower levels crowd Vcloser tolsettler than do the particles atthe upper levels. thus reducing the amount of sp het ween the particles. tween the particles at the inter space velocityof course increases. .-o that even in a tank which did not have converging walls, the nter'space velocityfatr the lmttom would be greater than .at the top. After the tank vhas been filled tothe required density, which may be determined hy a hydrometer, or byv any *other desired means, vthe flow of steam through the pipe ttt; ehrt ott, the valve 1l closed and the d1 y.iikand L are opened, thus RCP As the total'space ifi/gg` any level decreasesf t-:J

f tank 8 has permitting the mixture of abrading material and wait-er in the tank 8 to tlow to the grinding mechanism, while a stream o f water .through the pipe 14 is introduced i ii order to maintain in suspension the particles already in equilibrium in the tank, and to carry to their proper sitions the finer material last introduce grinding mechanism is of course started to operate at the time the valve 13 is opened und the valve 13 may be turned .to supply precisely the amount of abradin material necessary. It will be seen that t c coarser material is supplied first to the grindig mechanism, and, as the surface is reduc a finer and finer grade of material is supplied, which operation continues until t glass is properly faced and finished. As the tank empties, the valve 15 'is' gradually closed by reason of the filling of the tank 152 from the cock 15s and the raising of" the float 15. The reduction of the flow from the pipe I4 permits the finer grades of sand to settle to the bottom of the tank and discharge, and at the same time prevents the proportion of water to abrasive from becoming too great. The valve 15 ma be adjusted to supply the mixture of a rasive and water which ma he found most efficient for the work to be one.

It will be apparent from the foregoing that by the use of my apparatus no additional handling of the abrading material after grading is necessary, and that after the been filled and the valves 13 and 15 opened, the supplying of material to the grinding mechanism is entirely automatic.

t will also be seen that the material supplied is very accurately graded .with all particles having the same physical characteristics .arranged together', and that the various grades of material are grinding mechanism in proper order and with the proportion ot' water necessary to effect the best results. The forni of tank shown although the preferred one, is not essential to the operation of the apparatus, und if desired, the material might be dumped into the top of the tank instead of drawn from the drainage pit 7, the water from the main 14 being depended upon to secure the proper arrangement of the particles in the tank. The supply of water from the main 14 may of course be controlled manually if desired, and in case the apparatus is usedfor finishing and the abrasive is very fine, the tlow of water from the main may be omitted andthe abrasive allowed to grade by settling without the assistance of the upward flow. Various other modifications which will' be apparent to those skilled in the art, might be made without departing from my invention :is defined by the claims.

Having thus described my invention and illustrated its use, what I olainifas new and into the tank. Thel weight.

supplied :to theA downwar of water upward vthe abradin desire to secure by Letters Patent is the followin 1. pparatus for 'supplying abrasive to rinding or smoothin mechanism, comprising in combination with a mechanism using an abrasive with'water, a grading tank pro= vided with discharge means in h in position to rmit of discharge to the said grinding mec ianism, and means for securing an upward flow of liquidtlirough the tank, whereby the articles of abi-siding material are suspende in different strata at positions depending u on the ratio of their resistance in the liqui to their weight.

2. Apparatus for supplying abrasive to grinding or snioothng mechanism, comprising in combination with a mechanism using an abrasive with water, a grading tank provided wit-h downwardly converging walls and having a discharge )tissage at its lower end above theisaid mechanism, and mea-ns for securing an upward tiow of liquid the lower end through the tank, whereby the particles of abrading material-are suspended in diii'erent strata at positionsdependlng upon the ratio of their resistance in the liquid to their 3. Apparatus for supplying abrasive to grinding or smoothing mechanism, comprising in combination willi a mechanism using abrasive with water, a conical gradingr tank having a discharge passage at its lower end adjacent the said mechanism, and means for securing an upward flow of water through thetank, whereby th'cparticles of abrading material are suspended in different strata at positions depending upon thc ratio of their resistance in the liquid to their weight.

4. Apparatus for supplying abrasive to grinding or smoothing mechanism, rannprising in combination with a mechanism using an abrasive with water and having n drainage pit, a grading tank provided with downwai-diy converging walls. a discharge pussage leading from thc'lower portion of the tank to the saidmechanism. an admission passage leading .from the pit. to the bottoni ofthe tunlnand means for securing a tiow of liquid up through such lust passage and the tank.

5. Apparatus forA supplying abrasive to grinding and smoothing mechanism.v coniprising iii4 combination with a mechanism using an abrasive with water and haring a drainage pit, a grading tank provided with passage. loading from thc lower portion Aof the tank to the said mechanism, an admission passage leading fronitlie pit to the bottom of the tank. means for securing a flow of liquid up throughsnch .last passage and the tank, and a Vwater ipe forsecuring a ow t rough the tank to hold material in si'ispensitm when the flow of liquid from the pit is cut oil'.

ly converging walls, a discharge 6. Apparatus for supplying abrasive to f {rindingf` or smoothingr mechanism. comprising in combination with a mechanism using an abrasive with water. a gradita,Y tank ha vin;` do'tviiwai'dlv converging walls above the table. a paisage leading' from the lower end of the taiik to the said mechanism and means for securing an upward iow of liquid from the bottom ofthe tank. whereby thev particles of abiadingg;` material are suspended in different strata at positions depending upon the ratio of their resistance in the liquid to their weight..

7. Apparatus for supplying abrasive to grinding or smoothing mechanism. comprising in combination with a mechanism using an abrasive iii water, a grading ltank having a discharge passage at its lower end inposition to .discharge to the said mechanism, means for securing an upward tlow of liquid through thel tank and automatic ins-ans' for gradually cuttingr oli' the said upward flow as the tank empties through the said diseliarge. passage.

51. Apparatus for supplying abrasive to grinding or smoothing meohai'iisni comprising in combination with a mechanism using'` an abrasive with water, a grading tank havingga discharge passage at its lower end in position to discharge to the said mechanism, means for securing an upward flow of liquid through the tank and automatic means for cutting otl' the said upward tiow at. a decreasing rate as the tank en'ipties through the said discharge passage. 4

9. Apparatus for supiilyiiig abrasive to grinding or smoothing mechanism, comprising in' combination with a mech-.mism using an abrasive with water, a grading tank having a discharge passage at its lower end in position to dischargeto the said mechanism, means for securing an upward tlow of liquid 4througih the tank, a valve for controlling such tiow, a float for operating the valve, a receptacle for the. tioat and means for gradually filling the receptacle as the. tank empties through the said discharge passage. l

-10. Apparatus for supplying abrasive to grinding or smoothing mechanism. comprising in combination with a mechanism using' an abrasive with water, grading tank having a discharge passage at its lower end in lmsition 'to discharge to the said mechanism, means for securin,"r an upward flow of.li. ;uitl through the tank. a valve for controlling such tluw. a float. for operating the valve. a

yreceptacle for the tloatl having dowiiwardhr the other grades in the order of the size of the particles comprising the grades.

lf2. Apparatus for supplving abrasive to grint'liitg or smoothing mechanism. comprisint; in combination with a. inet-,lianisiii using an abrasive with water, a grading tank in position to discharge thereto, means for carrying abrasive iii suspension to the tank. and meanswhereby the abrasive is maintained in suspension in the tank until discharged to the gifi'indiinglr mechanism.

13. Apparatus toil supplying abrasive to grinding or Smoothing: mechanism.' comprising'in combination .'itli a niechaniz-au using an abrasive. wit-li water, a grading tank in position to discharge thereto, means for carryingr abrasive iii suspension to the tank, means whereby the abrasive is maintained iii suspension iii thel tank until discharged to the said mechanism and means whereby the proportion of abrading material to iva-- ter may be varied.

In testimony whereof 1 have hereunto signed in v naine. in the. presence of the two' subscribed witnesses.

HALBERT K. HITCHttKlK. i

Witnesses l". E. (Ai'riiiiii, Aiiciiwoic'iii MARTIN.

ing in combination with a mechanism using l

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